• Title/Summary/Keyword: 2단 팽창

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Performance Analysis of 2-Stage Compression and 1-Stage Expansion Refrigeration System using Alternative Natural Refrigerants (암모니아 대체 자연냉매를 이용하는 2단압축 1단팽창 냉동시스템의 성능예측)

  • Roh, Geon-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, alternative natural refrigerant R290(Propane), R600(Butane), R717(Ammonia), R1270(Propylene) for freon refrigerant R22 were used working fluids for 2-stage compression and 1-stage expansion refrigeration system. The operating parameters considered in this study included evaporation temperature, condensation temperature, subcooling degree, superheating degree, mass flow rate ratio of inter-cooler. The main results were summarized as follows : The COP of 2-stage compression and 1-stage expansion refrigeration system increases with the increasing subcooling degree and mass flow rate ration of inter-cooler, but decreases with the increasing evaporating temperature, condensing temperature and superheating degree. Therefore, subcooling degree, mass flow rate ratio of inter-cooler of 2-stage compression and 1-stage expansion refrigeration system using natural refrigerants have an effect on COP of this system. The COP of natural refrigerants was higher than the COP of freon R22 in this study, so points to be considered are the security, the attached facilities for natural refrigerants than COP.

Cycle Analysis of 2-Stage Expansion Claude Refrigerator with Turboexpanders (터보팽창기를 이용한 2단 팽창 Claude냉동사이클 해석)

  • Baek, J.H.;Chang, H.M.
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 1994
  • A cycle analysis was performed for 2-stage expansion Claude refrigerators by a numerical method. The refrigerators are under recent development such that the reciprocating expanders of Collins cycle are replaced by new turboexpanders. A computer simulation program was written to predict the coefficient of performance of the refrigerators for several input parameters. It was found out that there exist unique optimum values for the ratio of expanded mass through the turboexpanders to the total mass and for the intermediate pressure of the 2-stage expansion. The maximum coefficient of performance was about $5{\times}10^{-4}$ at the optimal operation.

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Performance comparison of cascade refrigerator and two-stage compression refrigerator (캐스케이드 냉동시스템과 2단 압축 1단 팽창식 냉동 시스템의 성능 비교)

  • Son, Chang-Hyo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.625-631
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    • 2014
  • In order to obtain a low evaporation temperature ranging from $-30^{\circ}C{\sim}-50^{\circ}C$, a cascade refrigeration system and two-stage compression one-stage expansion refrigeration system is required. However, the research results of performance comparison of these refrigeration system are very scarce. This paper were compared the performance characteristics of R744-R404A cascade refrigeration system and R404A two-stage compression refrigeration system. The COP of R404A two-stage compression refrigeration system is about 36~57% greater than that of R744-R404A cascade refrigeration system in the range of evaporation temperature of $-30^{\circ}C{\sim}-50^{\circ}C$. But R404A two-stage compression refrigeration system is unstable because COP is significantly changed when evaporating temperature and compressor efficiency decreased. In particular, when compressor efficiency decreased, COP is significantly decreased. In this case, not efficient for long-term use. Whereas R744-R404A cascade refrigeration system using natural refrigerants. Therefore, it is environmentally friendly. And this system is high-efficiency refrigeration system. The reason it can be configured by selecting the suitable refrigerant at high-temperature side and low-temperature side. From the above results, select the appropriate low temperature refrigeration system by considering the environmental and performance aspects.

Study on the performance characteristics of a new CO2 auto-cascade heat pump system (새로운 CO2 오토 캐스케이드 열펌프 시스템의 성능특성 연구)

  • Yun, Sang-Kook
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2017
  • Owing to the harmful environmental effects of HCFC and CFC refrigerants discovered in the late 20th century, the need for environmentally friendly refrigerants such as $CO_2$ in cooling systems has increased. Air-source $CO_2$ heat pumps that utilize ambient heat in cold winter are less efficient because of a higher evaporation temperature, and it is difficult to manufacture the components of the heat pump owing to a super critical pressure of over 130 bar. This research aims to overcome these disadvantages and improve energy efficiency by introducing a new lower-pressure $CO_2$ auto-cascade heat pump system. $CO_2$-R32 zeotropic refrigerants were considered for two-stage expansion and effective cooling heat exchanging system configurations of the new auto-cascade heat pump. The results indicated that the efficiency of the two-stage expansion system was higher than that of the original one-stage expansion system. Furthermore, the two-stage expansion system showed significant performance improvements when the two-stage expansion stage from highest pressure of 70bar, intermediate expansion pressure of 25bar, and final low pressure of 10bar is applied. The COP of the new two-stage auto-cascade system (2.332) was 43.15% higher than that of the present simple auto-cascade system (1.629). Refrigerants having an evaporation temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ or lower can be obtained that can be easily evaporated in an evaporator even at a low temperature.

고강도 알루미늄 7175 합금 링롤재의 급냉 및 응력제거처리후 잔류응력 유한요소해석 및 측정

  • 박성한;구송회;이방업;은일상
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 1997
  • 고강도 알루미늄 합금 링롤재의 급냉, 링 팽창(expansion) 및 링 압축(compression) 응력제거처리후 잔류응력을 예측하기 위하여 2차원 축대칭 열해석 및 탄소성 해석을 수행하였다. 급냉 및 응력제거처리 후 2단 과시효 처리(T73)된 링롤재에 대하여 3단계 절단법(Three step sectioning method)을 적용하여 링롤재의 두께에 따른 잔류응력 분포를 측정하였으며, 측정결과를 급냉 및 응력제거처리후 잔류응력 해석결과와 비교분석하였다. 링의 급냉후 원주 및 축방향의 잔류응력 해석값은 T73후 측정값과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 링의 내면과 외면에서 압축응력을 나타내었고 중심에서 인장응력을 나타내었다. 잔류응력은 링 팽창(T7351) 및 링 압축(T7352) 적용후 T73에 비해 현저히 감소하였으며, 축방향의 제거 효과가 원주방향보다 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 링 압축에 의한 제거효과가 링 팽창보다 크게 나타났다. 링롤재의 응력제거처리는 제거 효과 및 실용성 측면에서 링 압축 공정이 유리하며, 치수제어 및 장비용량 측면에서 링 팽창 공정이 유리하다는 결론을 얻었다.

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A Study on the Recovery of Electricity Energy by Employing Double Turbo-Expander Pressure Reduction System to the Seasonal Variation of Natural Gas Flow Rates (천연가스의 계절별 변동유량을 고려한 이중터보팽창기 감압시스템을 이용한 전기에너지회수에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Cheol-Woo;Yoo, Han Bit;Kim, Hyo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2019
  • Expansion turbine system to recover the electricity energy from natural gas transmission stations is a well-known technique. The turbo-expander efficiency depends on the ratio of the natural gas flow rates to the design flow rate of the turbo-expander. However, if there is a big difference of the natural gas flow rate through the pressure letdown station because of seasonal supply pattern, that is, high flow rate in winter while low flow rate in summer, single turbo-expander system is not so efficient as to recover the pressurized energy from the low flow-rate natural gas. Therefore, we have proposed a new concept of double turbo-expander system: one is a big capacity and the other a small capacity. Here we have theoretically computed the electric powers at the pressure reduction from 18.5 bar to 7.5 bar depending on the inlet conditions of temperature and flow rate. The calculated electricity generation has been increased by 30% from 12.4 MW in a single turbo expander to 16.1 MW in the proposed double turbo-expander system when a minimal design efficiency of 0.72 is applied.

A Performance Study on the Cold Power Generation System for LNG terminal using ASPEN PLUS (ASPEN PLUS를 이용한 LNG 인수기지용 냉열발전 시스템 성능 연구)

  • 김동수;박영무
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 1993.11a
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 1993
  • 냉열발전기술은 일본에서 많이 연구되어 다수의 상업 플랜트가 가동되고 있다. 일본에서는 천연가스 공급압력의 이원화(40 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 10 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$)로 직접 팽창방식을 적용할 수 있어 냉열발전의 경제성이 유리한 반면 국내에서는 비교적 높은 압력(70kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$)의 단일 압력 공급체계에 적합한 냉열발전 시스템을 모색하여야 한다. 특히 발전용량 규모가 비교적 적은 냉열발전 시스템의 경제성 측면의 불리한 점을 고려할 때 적용 가능한 해당 발전공정들에 대해 전산모사의 방법을 이용하여 다양한 설계조건에서 최적의 조건들을 검토하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 LNG의 저온 Exergy를 이용한 Rankine Cycle, LNG의 압력 Exergy를 이용한 부분팽창 Cycle 및 이 두 싸이클의 혼합 공정인 Linde 공정에 대해 현재 인수기지에서 운영되고있는 각종 설비들의 설계 데이타를 기준으로 상용모사기인 ASPEN PLUS를 이용, 국내 천연가스 공급 체계에 의거 각 공정별 최대 및 최적의 전력 발생 조건들을 검토하였다. 공정별 출력 및 엑서지 효율을 비교한 결과 약 3 ~ 6 Mw의 전력을 생산할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며 최대 엑서지 효율은 37 %를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 부분직접팽창방식의 최적시스템을 제시하였고 동일한 전열면적인 경우 부분직접팽창과 랭킨 싸이클의 성능은 비슷한 것으로 확인되었다.

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Meanline Analysis Method for Performance Analysis of a Multi-stage Axial Turbine in Choking Region (다단 축류 터빈에서의 초킹 영역 탈설계 성능 해석을 위한 평균반경 해석법)

  • Kim, Sangjo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.20-28
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    • 2018
  • In general, the choking phenomenon occurs due to the flow acceleration of a turbine under high pressure-ratio. During choking, the total pressure ratio increases without any variation in the mass flow rate. It is difficult to predict choking characteristics by using conventional meanline analysis, which utilizes mass flow inlet boundary condition. In this study, an algorithm for predicting the choking point is developed to solve this problem. In addition, a performance estimation algorithm is presented to estimate the performance after choking, based on the flow behavior of flow expansion at the choked nozzle or rotor. The analysis results are compared with 3D CFD analysis and experimental data to validate this method.

About Short-stacking Effect of Illite-smectite Mixed Layers (일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층광물의 단범위적층효과에 대한 고찰)

  • Kang, Il-Mo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2012
  • Illite-smectite mixed layers (I-S) occurring authigenically in diagenetic and hydrothermal environments reacts toward more illite-rich phases as temperature and potassium ion concentration increase. For that reason, I-S is often used as geothermometry and/or geochronometry at the field of hydrocarbons or ore minerals exploration. Generally, I-S shows X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of ultra-thin lamellar structures, which consist of restricted numbers of sillicate layers (normally, 5 ~ 15 layers) stacked in parallel to a-b planes. This ultra-thinness is known to decrease I-S expandability (%S) rather than theoretically expected one (short-stacking effect). We attempt here to quantify the short stacking effect of I-S using the difference of two types of expandability: one type is a maximum expandability ($%S_{Max}$) of infinite stacks of fundamental particles (physically inseparable smallest units), and the other type is an expandability of finite particle stacks normally measured using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) ($%S_{XRD}$). Eleven I-S samples from the Geumseongsan volcanic complex, Uiseong, Gyeongbuk, have been analyzed for measuring $%S_{XRD}$ and average coherent scattering thickness (CST) after size separation under 1 ${\mu}m$. Average fundamental particle thickness ($N_f$) and $%S_{Max}$ have been determined from $%S_{XRD}$ and CST using inter-parameter relationships of I-S layer structures. The discrepancy between $%S_{Max}$ and $%S_{XRD}$ (${\Delta}%S$) suggests that the maximum short-stacking effect happens approximately at 20 $%S_{XRD}$, of which point represents I-S layer structures consisting of ca. average 3-layered fundamental particles ($N_f{\approx}3$). As a result of inferring the $%S_{XRD}$ range of each Reichweite using the $%S_{XRD}$ vs. $N_f$ diagram of Kang et al. (2002), we can confirms that the fundamental particle thickness is a determinant factor for I-S Reichweite, and also that the short-stacking effect shifts the $%S_{XRD}$ range of each Reichweite toward smaller $%S_{XRD}$ values than those that can be theoretically prospected using junction probability.