• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives : Recently, the interest on medical education in flipped learning has been growing. Competency-based curriculum is also required through changes in teaching methods within the Korean medicine education. In this study, flipped learning method was applied to 'medical ethics' class to examine the perception and experience of flipped learning from the Korean medical student's perspectives. Methods : The study was conducted on 15 preparatory course freshmen students who took the 'medical ethics' course, in the second semester of the year 2017 at 'A' University. The study was proceded in two steps; 1) fill-in the questionnaire twice (before and after the class), and 2) in-depth interview with semi-structured questionnaire. The $1^{st}$ questionnaire in the first step was consisted of 'Experience on flipped learning before the class', 'Which section of the flipped learning class do participants have expectation', 'Interest and expectation on flipped learning'. In the $2^{nd}$ questionnare, the participants were asked 'Which section of the flipped learning section that the learning effect was maximized', 'Association between 'flipped learning' method and 'Medical ethics' course' with 5-point Likert scale and frequency. Results : The results showed that flipped learning method works very effectively in the 'medical ethics' course (63.6%). After the flipped learning class, the participants showed positive change in a attitude of the class (72.7%). However, this teaching method might be inappropriate for participants who had difficulties in pre-learning or a passive attitude and lecture-centered instruction (LCI) classes. Conclusions : Though applying flipped learning method to the 'Medical Ethics' was effective, to make pre-learning better, the instructors should prepare countermeasures for passive participants, help interact well among the participants, and plan a lesson thoroughly for changing LCI classes to student-centerd instruction(SCI).

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey the conditions of women's wears manufacturing industries and finds out their qualitative problems and suggests the solutions to help women's wears manufacturing industries adapting themselves well to the fashion industries which is being individualized, high profiled and differentiated and thus helpes them to produce the competitive commodities through high-qualities and technological improvements. For this purpose, I had sampled the factories which located in Seoul and Kyunggido areas and produced women's apparels for domestic consumers. The questionnaires for this survey were designed by interviewing the representatives of 31 women's wears manufacturing industries, while the collected data were processed using the SAS statistical program for frequency, percentage, chi-square test, t-test. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows; 1. It was found that women's wears manufacturing industries were getting smaller scale or pettier in terms of capital, number of employees or scale of factory. 2. The number of the employees is getting decrease every year, which is posed as most serious problems of the surveyed manufacturer. Such a decrease of employees may be attributable to the fact that women's wears manufacturing industries are regarded as one of 3D businesses and therefore the employees leave their workspaces for more rewarding service industries. 3. It was found that women's wears manufacturing industries relied on more recontracts than self-productions. In 1995, 83.7% of their productions were out of recontracts, and this rate is getting increase. 4. 51.6% of the surveyed manufacturer operate by straight line system or other types of line system, while 48.4% of the remaining managed a pair system. 5. As a result of surveying the perspective of women's wears manufacturing industries into the 21 st century is as followed. 41.9% of them were optimistic, and 25.8% were pessimistic about their futures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.299-312
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• 1994

This survey was performed to obtain the basic information for the prevention and management of occupational low back injury (LBI). The subjects of this survey were 952 workers (male, 892 ; female, 60) who had taken occupational LBI in some industries of Pusan area from January 1 to December 31, 1991. Observation period was 2.6 years from the beginning to the end of medical treatment. The obtained results were summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of LBI workers was 15.9% of the workers who had taken any occpational injuries and 0.32% of all workers in this surveyed area. 2. 8.0% of the workers had taken LBI on the 1st day of employment and 55.2% of the workers were within one year, 91.4% of the workers were within 10 years according to cumulative frequency distribution. 3. Handling of heavy objects was the most common cause of LBI (32.0%) and fall down (26.9%) and slip down (16.3%) were the next in order. 4. The most common causes of both lumbar sprain and HNP were handling of heavy objects and that of lumbar fracture was fall down. 5. The mean duration for medical treatment of LBI workers was 143 days. 6. The total direct compensation cost for LBI workers was 6,736 million Won and the proportion of medical, resting, disability compensation costs were 25.0%, 37.0%, 38.0 % respectively. 7. The percentages of retreated workers and disabled workers were 11.9% (113 persons) and 22.9% (218 persons) of total LBI workers respectively.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1999

Pneumoconiosis is a pathological change which is caused by coal dusts. It is a chronic disease that is not cured thoroughly but need treatment and nursing care through all lifetime of the patient. The family of the patient will be suffered from the physical and mental difficulties in the consequence of pneumoconiosis. The study is to find out the characteristics of the families with pneumoconiosis patients. The subjects of the study were 300 families with pneumoconiosis patients who were under medical treatment in Taeback, Donghae, Jeongsun Occupational Medical Center. The period of the study was from the 8th to the 31st of August, 1998. The data were collected by the structured questionnaires included the family intensity measurement which was translated by "Oh". The general properties of the subjects were calculated by frequency and percentage with SAS program. The followings are the summaries of the study. 1) The mean age of the pneumoconiosis patients was 62.3 years. The mean duration of diseases was 11 years and 7 months and the mean duration of hospital stay was 6 years and 4 months. 2) The mean age of the primary care giver was 55.7 years. The proportion of highschool education was 9.6% and it was quite low level compared to other primary care giver groups. 3) The average number of family members were 1.76 person(2.76 persons included patient). The economic status was somewhat high compared to other families with chronic patients. 4) The mean score of family intensity was 41.2(item mean=3.4). With the result, it is recommended to develop a program to improve the quality of family life. For example, there will be social support program for pneumoconiosis patients family sponsored by Social Insurance for Occupational Diseases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2020

Since April 2015, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction has been covered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The frequency of these procedures has increased very rapidly. We analyzed data obtained from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and determined annual changes in the number of breast reconstruction procedures and related trends in Korea. We evaluated the numbers of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures performed between April 2015 and December 2018 using data from the HIRA Big Data Hub. We determined annual changes in the numbers of total, autologous, and implant breast reconstructions after NHIS coverage commenced. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate increased from 19.4% in 2015 to 53.4% in 2018. In 2015, implant reconstruction was performed in 1,366 cases and autologous reconstruction in 905 (60.1% and 39.8%, respectively); these figures increased to 3,703 and 1,570 (70.2% and 29.7%, respectively) in 2018. Free tissue transfer and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap creation were the most common autologous reconstruction procedures. For implant-based reconstructions, the rates of directto-implant and tissue-expander breast reconstructions (first stage) were similar in 2018. This study summarizes breast reconstruction trends in Korea after NHIS coverage was expanded in 2015. A significant increase over time in the post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate was evident, with a trend toward implant-based reconstruction. Analysis of data from the HIRA Big Data Hub can be used to predict breast reconstruction trends and convey precise information to patients and physicians.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was getting information to set up the new roles focused on nutrition education for school dietitians as nutrition teachers. One hundred thirty nine school dietitians and 1169 elementary school children residing in Daegu city and Gyeongbuk province were surveyed for this study. Sixty eight percent of the school dietitians perceived 1st-3rd year of the elementary school is the most proper time to start nutrition education, and 59.0% of them wanted to practice nutrition education as a discretion teaching time. The largest proportion(79.1%) of the school dietitians expected that nutrition education is helpful to get good dietary habit. School dietitians responded that major contents that should be included in the nutrition education was balanced diet, diet and habit, managing healthy weight, dining etiquette, food safety and problems of environmental contamination. Fairly large proportion of the students(64.4%) responded nutrition education is urgently needed. The contents of the nutrition education students wanted most were cooking and healthy diet. Forty six percent of the students perceived school dietitians are responsible for nutrition education and they wanted to have nutrition education as a part of special activity class. The most preferred frequency of nutrition education was 1 hour/week and 46.2% of the students responded they wanted to participate cooking camp.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.621-639
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• 2015

1990년대 후반 이후 완성차 메이커의 구조조정, 외국 부품공급업체의 국내진출, 글로벌 차원에서의 부품조달, 산업의 IT화에 따른 개방적 부품 조달체계의 확산, 그리고 모듈화 등이 수직적인 부품조달체계를 완화시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이와 같은 완성차 생산의 내외 환경변화에 따라 본 연구에서는 완성차 조립공장에 1차 공급업체와 모듈기업이 공급하는 부품의 지역적 물류체계가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는가를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 기존문헌 및 인터뷰 조사를 실시했다. 그 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 완성차 부품공급의 지역적 물류체계는 완성차 조립공장을 중심으로 공장 내에나 인접지역에 모듈공장이 입지하는데, 1차 공급업체의 부품은 근접권에서 살펴본 바와 같이 공급의 분산비율이 비교적 높게 나타나 JIT의 다빈도 소량배송보다는 자동차 조립공장 인근에 통합물류센터를 설치해 부품을 공급하고 여기에서 다시 조립공장에 납품을 한다. 이렇게 함 으로서 부품공급업체나 조립공장 모두에게 배송비용을 줄여주고 부품의 안정적인 공급이 이루어지기 때문에 중층적인 모듈 반제품을 위한 부품공급도 이와 같은 방식을 취한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and the nature of biological nursing science education for clinical nurses in general hospital. Methods: Five advanced general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were conveniently sampled. Contents of education for nurses conducted by the hospital nursing department from January 1 to December 31 of 2015 were collected. Contents of education included biological nursing science and the scope of inclusion and time of assignment were analyzed. Results: A total of 271 cases of nursing education data were collected and 223 cases were analyzed after excluding 48 cases whose contents were not confirmed. Biological nursing science was included in the contents of education for 117 cases (52.5%), but not for 106 cases (47.5%). Regarding the frequency of the biological nursing science education contents, 'pathophysiology'was the most frequently included (n= 286), followed by 'structure and function of the human body' (n= 191), 'mechanisms and effects of drugs' (n= 114) and 'clinical microbiology' (n= 43). Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that the education for clinical nurses included a lot of biological nursing science related contents. These results can be used as basis for the development of curriculum and training course for nurses.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

목적: Chloral hydrate는 검사 시 진정 목적으로 흔히 사용하는 약물이나 신생아에 관해서는 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 저자들은 신생아중환자실에서 chloral hydrate의 사용 시에 나타나는 부작용의 빈도와 그에 영향을 미치는 요소에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 또한 chloral hydrate만으로 진정이 되지 않아 추가 약물을 투여하는 경우 부작용이 증가하는지에 관해 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2010년 3월부터 2011년 2월까지 가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원 신생아중환자실에서 검사 시 진정 목적으로 chloral hydrate를 사용한 104명을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: Chloral hydrate 투여 시 부작용은 41.3%에서 나타났으며 산소 포화도 감소(18.8%), 무호흡 증가(17.5%), 서맥 증가(10%), 수유량 감소(3.8%)가 있었다. Chloral hydrate 투여 시부작용은 chloral hydrate 투여 시기에 산소 투여 여부와 관련이 있었다(odds ratio [OR], 10.911: 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-57.178). 추가 약물 투여는 chloral hydrate 투여 시 산소 투여 여부와 관련이 있었고(OR, 4.151: 95% CI, 1.455-11.840) chloral hydrate 단독 투여 군에 비해 수유량 감소를 제외하고는 부작용에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 진정 요법이 필요한 검사 시 산소를 투여하고 있는 신생아에서 chloral hydrate의 사용은 부작용이 나타날 가능성이 높고 추가 약물 투여의 가능성이 높다. 추가 약물 투여가 필요한 경우에는 진정 유도 후 나타나는 수유량 감소에 주의하면서 진정을 유도할 수 있겠다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 다양한 강우조건에 따른 도시유출모형, SWMM의 매개변수들이 계산 결과치에 주는 민감도를 분석하였으며 이를 위해 3개 배수구역에 대하여 모형을 적용하였다. 첨두 유출량에 대한 민감도는 $S_Q$ (=1.0-(첨두유출량의 최소값($Q_{p,min}$)/첨두유출량의 최대값($Q_{p,max}$)))로 나타내었으며 강우 조건으로서는 강우규모, 강우지속시간, 강우분포 등의 3가지를 채택하였다. 강우조건의 변화에 따라 전반적으로는 불투수면적비, 관로경사, 초기침투능 등이 계산 결과치에 주는 민감도가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 강우규모의 증가에 따라 관로경사 및 조도계수에 의한 영향이 증가되었고, 강우규모가 작아질수록 지표면 유출관련 매개변수가 민감하였다. 한편, 강우지속시간의 증가에 따라 대부분의 지표면 유출 및 관거흐름에 대한 매개변수들의 민감도가 둔감해지는 경향을 보였다. 강우분포에 대하여서는 Huff 1분위에서는 불투수면적비가 가장 민감하였으며 4분위에서는 관거흐름과 관련된 매개변수들이 민감하였다. 이러한 경향은 유효우량의 계산과 지표 및 관거흐름에 대한 운동파 해석과정에 기인하는 것으로 설명될 수 있다.