• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1629-1634
• /
• 2002

Reaction of tetrahomodioxa p-phenylcalix[4]arene with alkyl halide and NaH in DMF leads to the title tetra-alkylated derivatives, 7,13,21,27-tetra-phenyl-29,30,31,32-tetraalkyloxy-2,3,16,17-tetrahomo-3,17-dioxacalix [4]arenes, their preferred conformations were determined by NMR spectra as C-1,2-alternate. The molecular structure of allyl derivative has been solved by X-ray diffraction methods. The molecules have a conformation with pseudo center of symmetry. The benzene ring A is up, ring C is down, B and D rings are flat with respect to the plane of the macrocyclic ring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.3917-3922
• /
• 2010

In this paper, 3 stage amplifier MMIC was designed and fabricated with U-band optimized epitaxal pHEMT that produced by large signal characterization and modeling for 60 GHz band. The pHEMT used in this paper, the gate $0.12\;{\mu}m$ length and total gate width of $100\;{\mu}m$, $200\;{\mu}m$ has been modeled using the large signal designed with negative feedback and MCLF instead of MIM capacitor for improving stability. Fabricated MMIC $2.5{\times}1.5mm^2$ size, current about 40 mA, operating frequency 59.5~60.5 GHz, gain 19.9~18.6 dB, input matching characteristics -14.6~-14.7 dB, output matching characteristics -11.9~-16.3 dB and output -5 dBm characteristics were obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.7656-7666
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of subjective happiness among Korean adolescents and to supply basic data for enhancing to subjective happiness among Korean adolescents. This study used the 2014 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-lin Survey data. It conducted a secondary data analysis of 72,060 cases. It conducted frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis by SPSS 18.0. Although various independent variables influenced on emotional support(t=44.335, p<,001), gender(t=27.730, p<.001), grade(t=25.347, p<.001), economic status(t=-25.345, p<.001), living arrangement(t=-6.158, p<.001), school record(t=-7.512, p<.001), father's educational status(t=-2.378, p<.001), subjective health status(t=46.062, p<.001), depression(t=-23.837, p<.001), sleep(t=19.871, p<.001), level of stress(t=-78.685, p<.001), alcohol(t=-13.481, p<.001) and drug use(t=-2.671, p<.01), smoking(t=-11.988, p<.001), breakfast(t=4.443, p<.001), activity(t=4.757, p<.001) were key factors of subjective happiness among Korean adolescents. The findings of this study were as follow: male middle students, who had emotional support, higher economic status, school record and father's educational level, living with family showed higher levels of subjective happiness. It also having good subjective health status, not depressed, more sufficient sleep, lower stress, no experience of drinking, smoking and drugs, more physical activity and having breakfast showed higher levels of subjective happiness.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2003

The present study provides nutritional characteristics of body composition based on the different collected locations and body sizes in wild eels, Anguilla japonica. Eels were collected in Kyungho river, near the Sachun bay (Gyeongnam) and Inchun river, near Gochang, Jeonnam. Eels were divided by size into the following groups: less than 100 g (Gochang: 75.8$\pm$17.6 g, Sachun: 89.3$\pm$6.42 g) and more than 200 g group (Gochang: 215$\pm$8.95 g, Sachun: 236$\pm$11.7 g). The moisture content of individuals in Gochang area (Gw) was higher than that in Sacheon area (Sw). In the results of proximate analysis, the ranges of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash were 63∼72, 16∼20, 6.1∼15.4 and 2.2∼2.8%, respectively. Moisture and crude fat were significantly different (P<0.05) based on the captured locations. In fatty acid composition, the ranges of saturates, monoenes, polyenes, and n-3 PUFA content were 38.0∼48.0, 51.5∼58.5, 1.95∼4.12 and 0.68∼1.53%, respectively. It was significantly different (P<0.05) based on the captured locations. In the amino acid composition, the ranges of essential and non-essential amino acids were 7.11∼12.5 and 8.34∼ 12.9%, respectively. These values were not significantly different (P>0.05) based on the captured locations, however these were significant different (P<0.05) based on their body weight. Therefore, these results indicated that the different body composition depends on the different captured locations and body sizes. Furthermore, it is necessary to examine more varied locations and body sizes for their body composition in eels.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2004

A series of N-substituted-1,3-isoindolinedione derivatives (2-16) were synthesized for the purpose of defining the effect of N-substitution on the anticonvulsant activity of these derivatives. The target compounds (2-16) were obtained by condensation of phthalic anhydride with the corresponding amine derivative. The structures of the synthesized derivatives (2-16) were confirmed by means of IR, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The anticonvulsant activity of all compounds (2-16) were evaluated by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/kg compared with sodium valproate as a positive control. Their neurotoxicity were determined by the rotorod test. Many of the present series of compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity at the tested doses, as compared to sodium valproate. Three of them (4, 6 and 11) exhibited 100 % protection against convulsions, neurotoxicity and death at all tested doses. Out of the series, two compounds (12 and 13) were completely inactive with 100% mortality. 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-(1 ,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-2-isoindolyl) butanoic acid derivative (11) has emerged as the most active compound which is 20 times more active than valproate with ED$_{50}$ 8.7, 169 mg/kg; TD$_{50}$ 413, 406 mg/kg and PI 47.5, 2.4. The results revealed the importance of the combination of baclofenic and phthalimide moieties (compound 11) as a promising anticonvulsant candidate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.794-804
• /
• 2016

This study examined effects of gender role conflicts and nursing professionalism on turnover intention among male nurses. Data were collected through self reported structured questionnaire from 106 male nurses using convenient sampling methods from November 8, 2014 to November 30, 2015. Stepwise regression showed that job satisfaction had the greatest effect on turnover intention(${\beta}=0.427$, p<.001), followed by nursing professionalism and gender role conflicts. These variables together explained 30.2% of the turnover intention in male nurses(F=16.14, p<.001). In conclusion, strategies for improving male nurses' job satisfaction and nursing professionalism and for reducing gender role conflicts should be developed to reduce turnover intention of male nurses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.3697-3701
• /
• 2015

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is serious public health problem in Thailand, especially in the northeastern and northern regions. CHCA is known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors associated with local invasion and a high rate of metastasis. A crucial step in the invasion process is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basal membranes, for which several studies have shown a critical role played by matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11). Objective: This study aim to detect MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens and any correlation with survival time. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients with CHCA in Rajvithi hospital, who had undergone immunohistochemical staining of MMP-11. Relationships between clinicopathological data and MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$ test or Fisher's exact test. The estimated survival and the survival differences were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test, respectively. Results: MMP-11 expression was found in 15 specimens (50%). The overall mean survival time is 237.0 days (95% CI 135.4-338.5, SD 271.9). Specimens with a positive MMP-11 had an average survival time of 136.7 days (95%CI 50.3-223.1, SD 156.0). Survival differences was signficant for the positive and negative MMP-11(p=0.022), but not well differentiated tumor and moderate to poor differentiated tumor (p=0.755), CA19-9 level of >1,000 and <1,000 (p=0.488), and between advanced and non-advanced staging (p=0.388). Conclusions: The positive MMP-11 expression indicates poor prognosis in CHCA specimens.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2003

The advantages of hydrogen peroxide dissolution method were no discharge of noxious matter when dissolution of molybdenum wire which used as the center supporter, reactions occur in room temperature. The results were as follows : 1. In the FL/10-A type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 50Min., C.R.(Coil resistance) was $9.27{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}9.2{\pm}0.22{\Omega})$, P.W.(Piece weight) was $10.59mg(St.{\;}:{\;}10.5{\pm}0.26mg)$. In the FL/15-D type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 55Min., C.R. was $6.39{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}6.38{\pm}0.02{\Omega})$, P.W. was $16.7mg(St.{\;}:{\;}16.5{\pm}0.3mg)$. In the FL/20-H type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $4.7{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}4.6{\pm}0.3{\Omega})$, P.W. was $20.8mg(St.{\;}:{\;}20{\pm}1.5mg)$. In the FL/20-C type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 60Min., C.R. was $4.5{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}4.6{\pm}0.3{\Omega})$, P.W. was $19.8mg(St.{\;}:{\;}19{\pm}1.0mg)$. 2. In the GLS-230/40-B type: Dissolutiona-reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $105.1{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}104{\pm}2.6{\Omega})$, P.W was $6.37mg(St.{\;}:{\;}6.3{\pm}0.16mg)$. In the GLS-230/60-F type: Dissolution- reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $65.92{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}65{\pm}1.62{\Omega})$, P.W. was $11.91mg(St.{\;}:{\;}11.8{\pm}0.29mg)$.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Grit and stress and college adjustment of nursing college students and to confirm the effect of nursing students' adaptation to college life. The study subjects were 145 students who agreed to participate in this study after completing at least one semester of clinical practice. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 program using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Multiple regression analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between college life adaptation and grit (r=.17, p=.047) and a negative correlation between stress and university life (r=-.31, p<.001). Grit and stress had an explanatory power of 11.2% on adaptation to college life(F=9.98, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to improve nursing students' Grit level and to develop effective stress management programs for their adaptation to college life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2017

T1, T2 relaxation time and relaxation rates were measured and analyzed according to the change of RF coil channel number of MAGiC sequence. T1, T2, R1 and R2 maps were obtained by using MAGiC sequence with phantom (1.0, 0.6, 0.2, 0 mM) on the RF coil with channel number of 1, 8, 16 and 32 respectively. T1, T2, R1, R2 values and relaxation rates were measured for each channel number and concentration, and Relaxivity was calculated according to each concentration. T1, T2, R1, and R2 values were measured in each coil. There was no significant difference between T1 and R1 values (p> 0.05). However, T2 and R2 values were significantly different (p <0.05). In the post-analysis results, T2 value was significantly different from that measured on 1, 8, 16, and 32 channel coils (p <0.05) and There was no difference between 8, 16, and 32 channel coils (p> 0.05). The R2 value was significantly different from that measured on the 8, 16, and 32 channel coils in the 1 channel coil, and the results on the 8 channel coils and the 16 channel coils showed a significant difference (P <0.05). In conclusion, T1 and R1 values were not significantly different according to the number of channels in the coil, but T2 and R2 values were significantly different. Therefore, when quantitative measurement of T2 and R2 values using the MAGiC sequence, the same number of coils should be used for reproducibility.