• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2020

This study investigated a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) extracts (ALM16), exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and its underlying mechanism. ALM16 was prepared by mixing AM and LE extracts in a ratio of 7:3 (w/w). Cytotoxicity of ALM16 in RAW264.7 cells was not shown up to 200 ㎍/mL of ALM16. The results of this study showed that ALM16 does-dependently inhibits the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. ALM16 not only markedly reduced the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, but also inhibited the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, ALM16 specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that ALM16 may exert anti-inflammatory effect by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.881-889
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• 2023

The genus Hymenobacter, type genus of the family Hymenobacteraceae and a member of the phylum Bacteroidota includes gram-negative and red-pigmented rods. Those bacteria have been isolated from various environments of the earth. I isolated a red-pigmented, gram-negative rod from a pond in the campus of the Changwon University, Changwon, Kyeongnam and designated this bacterium as strain B2. Strain B2 was further analyzed phylogenetically and biochemically, and concluded as a member of genus Hymenobacter. BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain B2 showed its homology lower than 98.7% with those sequences of the other bacteria whose 16S rRNA gene sequences have been reported. Fatty acid composition of the strain B2 was analyzed and its major fatty acids are summed feature 3(C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 22.8%), iso-C_15:0 (16.2%), anteiso-C_15:0(12.9%), C_16:1ω5c(12.4%) and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I/anteiso-C_17:1)(9.5%) showing significant differences in fatty acid compositions between strain B2 and the other known Hymenobacter species. DNA sequence of 16S rRNA gene of strain B2 was deposited in genbank under accession number OQ318247.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

It was reported that the main cause of intraepithelial neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is human papilloma virus infection, and that the expression of p16 is increased in cells infected by human papilloma virus. We performed an immunocytochemical staining for protein p16 in 17 cases of cervocovaginal smears initially diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, to know whether the staining could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells. Of 17 smears, 6 were diagnosed finally as high grade intraepithelial neoplasm or invasive squamous cell carcinoma by follow-up biopsy and smear, and 5 of the 6 were positive for p16. Three were diagnosed as koilocytosis, and one of them was weakly positive for p16. Eight were diagnosed as reactive atypical cells, and all of them were negative for p16. We thought that immunocytochemical staining of p16 in cervocovaginal smears could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1203-1209
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• 2010

LED lights as a newly-growing industry are highly energy-efficient and have drawn lots of attention due to higher illuminance and longer life compared to other light sources. In this study, MR16 lights with one high-power LED were considered for the replacement of the previous halogen lights or LED lamps with many LEDs. Thus, fundamental experiments of LED on a MCPCB, 3-dimensional numerical analysis for heatsink design and performance tests of the prototype lights have been done and the MR16 LED lights have been successfully developed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 16-week Self-help Tai Chi for Arthritis (SHTC) combined with health education for Korean American older women. Methods: This research was a designed quasiexperimental pre-posttest. Forty one women aged 55~79 were recruited 20 in SHTC group 21 in control group and, but twelve in SHTC group and thirteen in control group were left after 16 weeks. SHTC group was educated for 1 hour health education and 1hour TCA, once a week during 16 wks. Measurements for comparison were taken three times, at baseline, 8 wks and 16wks. The effect were evaluated with self-efficacy, shoulder flexibility, back flexibility, both hand grip strength and standing balance with closed eyes. Results: All variables except for left hand grip strength at baseline had significant homogeneity between both groups. After 16 weeks intervention, there was a significant interaction effect of time and group on right hand grip strength by repeated measure of ANOVA (F=3.398, p=.044). No significant interaction effects were found on self-efficacy, shoulder and back flexibility, left hand grip strength and standing balance with closed eyes. Conclusion: I can suggest this self-help Tai Chi program may be effective partially, but further research is needed to establish the best times and periods to intervene for a better effect.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2005

In order to diagnose and differentiate jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasma rapidly, oligonucleotide primer pair, 16Sr(V) F/R, for polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) was designed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences of JWB phytoplasma. The PCR employing phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 consistently amplified DNA in all tested phytoplasma isolates. But no phytoplasma DNA was detected from healthy jujube seedlings. The nested PCR, the primer pair 16S(V) F/R, about 460 bp fragment, amplified DNA in all tested JWB and related phytoplasmas including ligustrum witches' broom phytoplasma of the 16S rRNA group V, but no DNA amplification was detected from other phytoplasma strains such as groups 16SrI (Aster yellows) and 16SrXII (Stolbur group) in which mulberry dwarf phytoplasma and chrysanthemum witches' broom phytoplasma belong to, respectively. The same results were obtained from both Korean and Chinese isolates of JWB phytoplasma. Nested-PCR using phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 and 16SrV group-specific primer pair 16S(V) F/R could detect group V phytoplasmas rapidly and easily, in particular JWB phytoplasma.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.3 s.90
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• pp.187-190
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• 1999

A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA from the cells of 7-day-old cultures of Flammulina velutipes after induction of fruiting treatment. A cDNA clone, FVFD16 (Flammulina velutipes fruiting body differentiation), was selected by differential screening. The expression property of the FVFD16 gene was examined by Northern blot analysis. FVFD16 represents mRNA that is specifically expressed during differentiation of fruit bodies. The conspicuous accumulation of the FVFD16 mRNA was detected in 4-day-old and 1-day-old cultures. The nucleotide sequence of the FVFD16 gene was determined and the mRNA contained an open reading frame that encoded a putative protein of 128 amino acid residues (13.5 kDa).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

An assessment for determining N-16 activity concentrations during the operation condition of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission TRIGA Research Reactor was performed employing several governing equations. The radionuclide N-16 is a high energy (6.13 MeV) gamma emitter which is predominately created by the fast neutron interaction with O-16 present in the reactor core water. During reactor operation at different power level, the concentration of N-16 at the reactor bay region may increase causing radiation risk to the reactor operating personnel or the general public. Concerning the safety of the research reactor, the present study deals with the estimation of N-16 activity concentrations in the regions of reactor core, reactor tank, and reactor bay at different reactor power levels under natural convection cooling mode. The estimated N-16 activity concentration values with 500 kW reactor power at the reactor core region was $7.40{\times}10^5Bq/cm^3$ and at the bay region was $3.39{\times}10^5Bq/cm^3$. At 3 MW reactor power with active forced convection cooling mode, the N-16 activity concentration in the decay tank exit water was also determined, and the value was $4.14{\times}10^{-1}Bq/cm^3$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.10A
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• pp.1772-1781
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 OFDM/HL-16QAM 시스템의 성능을 구하였다. OFDM/HL-16QAM은 계층적 16QAM을 채용하는 OFDM 시스템으로서 열악한 다중경로 페이딩 환경에서 고품질의 고속 데이터 전송이 가능하고 서로 다른 품질의 두 가지 데이터 서비스를 동시에 제공할 수 있는 시스템이다. 성능평가를 위한 무선 채널로서는 AWGN과 다중경로 페이딩이 존재하는 무선 환경을 고려했다. 각각의 채널환경에서의 시뮬레이션을 통해 데이터 전송시의 OFDM/HL-16QAM 시스템에 대해 Eb/No와 반송파 수에 따른 BER 성능을 구해냈고, 이로부터 고품질과 저품질의 데이터 서비스를 모두 만족시키기 위해 요구되는 최소 평균 SNR 값을 제시했다. 이미지 전송에 응용하기 위한 방안으로는, 영상 압축을 위해 DCT 기반의 고정길이 부호기법을 채용하는 OFDM/HL-16QAM 시스템을 제안하고, 수신 영상의 PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise power Ratio)을 최대화시키는 최적 계층 변조 파라미터를 구했다. 또한, 최적화된 계층 변조 파라미터를 사용하는 경우, 제안한 시스템을 통한 수신 영상 품질이 기존의 OFDM/16QAM 시스템보다 우수하다는 것을 보였고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 수신 영상에 대한 PSNR의 상한과 하한을 구해냈다. 성능분석 결과들로부터 제안한 OFDM/HL-16QAM 시스템이 데이터와 이미지 전송에 적합한 시스템이라는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.174-177
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• 2007

We fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based a fluorinated copper phthalocyanine ($F_{16}CuPC$) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as an active layer. And we observed the surface morphology of the $F_{16}CuPC$ thin film. The $F_{16}CuPC$ thin film thickness was 40 nm, and the channel length was $50{\mu}m$, channel width was 3 mm. And we also fabricated the $F_{16}CuPc/CuPc$ double layer FET and with different $F_{16}CuPc$ film thickness devices. We observed the typical current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and capacitance-voltage (C-V) in $F_{16}CuPc$ FET and we calculated the effective mobility. From the double layer FET devices, we observed the higher drain current more than single layer FET devices.