• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of radiation treatment is to deliver a prescribed radiation dose to the target volume accurately while minimizing dose to normal tissues. In this paper, we comparing the dose distribution between three dimensional conformal radiation radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and helical tomotherapy (TOMO) plan for partial breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were included in the study, and plans for two techniques were developed for each patient (left breast:10 patients, right breast:10 patients). For each patient 3D-CRT planning was using pinnacle planning system, inverse plan was made using Tomotherapy Hi-Art system and using the same targets and optimization goals. We comparing the Homogeneity index (HI), Conformity index (CI) and sparing of the organs at risk for dose-volume histogram. Results: Whereas the HI, CI of TOMO was significantly better than the other, 3D-CRT was observed to have significantly poorer HI, CI. The percentage ipsilateral non-PTV breast volume that was delivered 50% of the prescribed dose was 3D-CRT (mean: 40.4%), TOMO (mean: 18.3%). The average ipsilateral lung volume percentage receiving 20% of the PD was 3D-CRT (mean: 4.8%), TOMO (mean: 14.2), concerning the average heart volume receiving 20% and 10% of the PD during treatment of left breast cancer 3D-CRT (mean: 1.6%, 3.0%), TOMO (mean: 9.7%, 26.3%) Conclusion: In summary, 3D-CRT and TOMO techniques were found to have acceptable PTV coverage in our study. However, in TOMO, high conformity to the PTV and effective breast tissue sparing was achieved at the expense of considerable dose exposure to the lung and heart.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2002

This paper describes the positioning accuracies for single and multiple reference stations at fixed stations in Yosu harbor and Pukyong National University in the south coast of Korea from Jan. to Oct. 2001. Also we observed the change of positioning accuracy during a day and the available range of the DGPS reference station. he results obtained are main summarized as follows; 1. With single DGPS reference station, 2drms and the average positioning .error were 5.6m, 7.3m respectively. Measurement positions indicated an incline toward one way away from the actual position. 2. With multiple DGPS reference stations, 2drms and the average position error were 5.5m, 3.2m for the arithmetic mean, respectively. They were 5.3m, 3.8m for the weighted average, respectively. As far as the separation between the user and the reference station, using multiple reference stations improved position accuracy more than using single reference station. 3. The average positioning error increased between 16: 00 and 22 : 00. The average number of observed satellite and HDOP were 7.1m, 0.49 respectively. 4. Coverage of DGPS reference stations in the south coast of Korea was estimated to be 110nm. Signal strength and signal to noise ratio was not available the DGPS signal below 19㏈, 8㏈ respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to examine the winter hardiness, heading date, quality, and yields of Festulolium hybrids, Festuca pratensis and Lolium multiflorum, which were cultivated during September 2005 to July 2006 at Suwon and Namwon. The results are as follows; Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial showed stronger or same level of hardiness than Hwasan 101, which is one of the strongest hybrids in winter hardiness. Therefore, we did not detect any problem in winter hardiness when these hybrids were cultivated in Korea. These are turned out to be mid and late maturing hybrids. The average heading date of three hybrids were 24 to 27 May in Suwon and Namwon. These date are same or 3 days later than Hwasan 101. The average fresh yields of 3 hybrids were increased by $17{\sim}29%$ than that of Hwasan 101. And the dry matter yields of Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial were increased by 39%, 26%, and 29%, respectively, than that of Hwasan 101. We could not detect any difference in the average fresh and dry matter yields between region, however there were significant differences in hybrids(p<0.05). Crude protein contents of 3 hybrids were higher to $14.3{\sim}16.6%$ than that of Hwasan 101. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were decreased by 3.9 and 7.0%, respectively, comparing to Hwasan 101. Therefore these hybrids have turned out to be excellent feed quality hybrids.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.784-788
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• 2003

Purpose : Perinatal asphyxia occurring in newborn is one of the major causes of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in survivors. We have studied the relationship between early electroencephalography(EEG) findings and clinical course and neurologic outcome in severe asphyxiated neonates. Methods : Between the period of July 1999 and June 2002, 25 neonates who were diagnosed with severe perinatal asphyxia(1-minute Apgar score of ${\leq}3$ and initial pH is less than 7.2) at NICU in Dongsan Medical Center were enrolled. An EEG was recorded and analyzed within three days of life and divided into two groups - group 1(normal or focal change on EEG) and group 2(generalized abnormal EEG). Between the two groups, clinical courses and neurologic outcomes were compared. Results : Fifteen infants(60%) were group 1 and ten infants(40%) were group 2(polyspikes, burst-suppression, generalized low voltage). Associated maternal disease, days of hospitalization, need for ventilator support, delay of oral feeding and convulsion duration are significantly higher and longer in group 2. Also, poor neurologic outcome(expire, developmental delay) was significantly higher in group 2(60%) than group 1(13.3%). Conclusion : Thus, the early neonatal EEG in asphyxiated newborn can be a predictable diagnostic tool in assessment of neurologic outcome.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.891-895
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• 2007

Purpose : Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and mostly develops after viral illness or vaccinations. We investigated the clinical differences and neurologic outcomes according to the distribution of the lesions on brain MRI. Methods : The study group was composed of 21 patients from January 1995 to August 2003 in Kyunghee University hospital. We grouped the patients according to the MRI findings as follows. Group I (14 cases): Multi- or unifocal lesions only in the cerebral white matter. Group II (7 cases): lesions in the gray matter with or without white matter involvement. Results : 1. Preceding events were as follows: no defined prodrome (38.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (28.6%), nonspecific febrile illness (19.0%), gastointestinal disturbance and vaccination. 2. Presenting symptoms were as follows: seizures (76.2%), headache/vomiting (47.6%), altered consciousness (38.1%), hemiparesis, cerebellar ataxia, visual disturbance and facial nerve palsy. 3. Laboratory findings were as follows: CSF pleocytosis (76.2%), leucocytosis (38.1%) and elevated CSF protein (28.6%). 4. Fifteen patients were recovered completely without neurological sequelae. Three patients in group I and 1 patient in group II had intractable seizures. Two patients in group I and 2 patients in group II had motor disturbance. Conclusion : There were no statistically significant differences in preceding events, presenting symptoms, and neurological outcomes according to the distribution of the lesions on brain MRI. However, the ADEM have quite diverse clinical manifestations and neuroimage findings. MRI plays an important role in making diagnosis of the patients who are suspected of ADEM.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 1972

The characteristic and efficiency of natural shell sand in the coast of Cheju-Do and Jin-Do were studied to apply as agricultural lime for the soil acid adjustment. 1. The alkalinity of shell sand from Cheju coast was higher than that of Jindo and more weathered into fine particles. The particle size distributions of Cheju shell sand were condensed finer particles than 32 mesh in Cheju shell sands and in more coarser particles than 32 mesh in Jindo one. 2. The effect of Cheju shell sand on increasing soil pH value in the upland condition was low at the beginning but more gradually increased after 8 weeks from the treatment than ground lime, and Jindo was very dull during the period of treatment. The commercial lime crushed from Jindo was approximately equal to the ground lime. 3. In the submerged condition, the shell sand of Cheju reacted with soil acid more quickly than ground lime after 2 days, and Jindo was very slow. 4. The relative efficiency of various particle size fraction of the shell sand was superior to the ground lime. The lime particles between 9 to 14 mesh and 20 mesh had more remarkable difference of pH value than other fine particles. The efficiency among finer sizes than 20 mesh particle was approximately equal to each others. 5. The shell sand from the Cheju would be applied directly as agricultural lime without any treatment, and Jindo also can be expected to be effective as agricultural lime with crushing procedure.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.459-474
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal operation condition of the natural evaporation system(NES) which was used for reducing swine slurry. Especially the main point of this study is to estimate the effect of climate condition(clear & rainy) and spray type(batch & flow) for the evaporation rate of swine slurry applying the NES in summer. Experiment was performed from June to August, which was generally regarded as summer in Korea, with the spray type of batch in 2000 and that of flow in 2001. As a result of experiment for batch and flow type, the averaged evaporation rate was measured into 2.71 and 3.59 l/ton . $m^2$ . day on clear days and 0.62 and 0.66 l/ton . $m^2$ . day on raint days, respectively. Based on the calculated evaporation rate by the climate condition and the spray type, it was proved that the averaged reduction rate for total input(1t/day) were 15.99% and 3.19% on clear and rainy days and the evaporation rate of the flow type was superior to that of the batch type by 5%, approximately. Therefore, it was concluded that the supplementary equipment, such as fan, should by operated in rainy days and the spray type of flow rather than that of batch should be recommended to increase the evaporation rate in the natural evaporation system(NES).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of ascidian tunic shell the effects of its dietary supplementation on laying performance, egg-yolk pigmentation, egg-shell strength and egg taurine content. A total of 168 brown layers at the age of 29wks in commercial cage were fed for 4 wks with 7 different diets containing ascidian tunic shel1(AST) at varying levels of 0$\sim$5% Dm or 0% AST with 100ppm carophyll red. No differences were found in egg production and weight among the treatments indicating that ascidian tunic shell did not adversely affect the laying performances. Adding the ascidian tunic shell to the diets increased egg-yolk pigmentation compared to the control and resulted in simillar or better effect on egg-yolk pigmentation compared to 100ppm carophyll red. The data suggest that ascidian tunic shell may be used as feed ingredients in layer diet enrichment of egg-yolk pigmentation in the place of carophyll red(chemical pigment). Specific gravity and breaking strength of egg shell were significantly increased by the adding ascidian tunic shell to the diet, suggesting that ascidian tunic shell may be used as feed ingredients for increasing egg shell strength. Also taurine content of egg was significantly increased with increasing supplementation of ascidian tunic shell to the diet(p<0.05). Therefore, ascidian tunic shell may be used as feed ingredients in laying hen diet to improve egg quality such as egg-yolk pigmentation, egg-shell strength and egg taurine enrichment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

Objective of this research was to determine the effect of application rate of dolomite in root media containing micronutrient mixes on growth of marigold 'Orange boy' in plug trays. To achieve this, three granular micronutrient mixes such as HF 1, MF 2, and MF 3 were produced and incorporated into three root media, peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v, PB), peatmoss+composted rice-hull (1:1, v/v, PR), and peatmoss+composted saw-dust (1:1, v/v, PS), with a rate of $0.3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Elevated application rate of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 1 decreased crop growth at 35 days after sowing with the highest fresh and dry weight in the control treatment of dolomite. The treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 2 produced 0.133g of dry weight and 0.686g of fresh weight, respectively, which were the highest among treatments of dolomite. But the treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 3 produced the highest fresh and dry weight, respectively. Elevated application rate of dolomite in PR medium containing MF 1, 2, and 3 resulted in decrease of fresh an dry weight. The relative growth suppression induced by elevated application rate of dolomite was more severe when MF 3 were incorporated than MF 1 and 2. The treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PS medium containing MF 1 and 3 showed good growth, but elevated application rate of dolomite in PS medium containing MF 2 and control resulted in increase of dry and fresh weight. These results indicated that the application rate of dolomite should be adjusted by kinds of root media and micronutrient mixes.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.171-180
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• 1988

Parathion is widely used in agriculture, but it is highly toxic and now clear that parathion behaves like a cholinergic drug by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. In order to know the effect of toxicity and cholinesterase activity in rats injected repeatedly with parathion, cholinesterase activity in plasma, whole brain and spinal cord, and the subacute toxicity after repetitive intraperitoneal injection of parathion 20 times every 3 days were investigated. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; $LD_{50}$ value of parathion given intraperitoneally to rats was 10.5mg/kg(95% confidence limits, 6.6-16.8mg/kg). In subacute toxicity test of parathion injected intraperitoneally, mortality of parathion-pretreated rats(B : 57%, C : 83%) were increased in comparison with the control(50%). Cholinesterase activities in plasma of parathion-pretreated rats(B : 0.47 U/ml, C : 0.36 U/ml, AA : 0.31 U/ml, B : 0.26 U/ml, CC : 0.17 U/ml) were significantly decreased in comparison with the control(0.58 U/ml). Cholinesterase activities in spinal cord of parathion-pretreated rats(B : 1.87 U/g, C : 1.29 U/g, AA : 1.27 U/g, BB : 0.71 U/g, CC : 0.25 U/g) were decreased in comparison with the control(2.48 U/g). Cholinesterase activities in whole brain of parathion-pretreated rats(B : 2.52 U/g, C : 1.32 U/g, AA : 2.48 U/g, BB : 1.08 U/g, CC : 0.51 U/g) were significantly inhibited in comparison with the control(4.67 U/g). However, there were no differences in the urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations between parathion-pretreated rats and control.