• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2016

Milk-related traits (milk yield, fat and protein) have been crucial to selection of Holstein. It is essential to find the current selection trends of Holstein. Despite this, uncovering the current trends of selection have been ignored in previous studies. We suggest a new formula to detect the current selection trends based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). This suggestion is based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection both of which are trait-dependent. Fisher's theorem links the additive genetic variance to the selection coefficient. For Holstein milk production traits, we estimated the additive genetic variance using SNP effect from BLUP and selection coefficients based on genetic variance to search highly selective SNPs. Through these processes, we identified significantly selective SNPs. The number of genes containing highly selective SNPs with p-value <0.01 (nearly top 1% SNPs) in all traits and p-value <0.001 (nearly top 0.1%) in any traits was 14. They are phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), serine/threonine kinase 40 (STK40), collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (COL11A1), ephrin-A1 (EFNA1), netrin 4 (NTN4), neuron specific gene family member 1 (NSG1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), neurexin 3 (NRXN3), spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1 (ARFIP1), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), transmembrane channel-like 7 (TMC7), carboxypeptidase X, member 2 (CPXM2) and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12). These genes may be important for future artificial selection trends. Also, we found that the SNP effect predicted from BLUP was the key factor to determine the expected current selection coefficient of SNP. Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of SNP markers in current generation, the selection coefficient is equivalent to $2^*SNP$ effect.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2016

As the probability of exposure to radiation increases due to an increase in the use of radioisotopes and radiation generators, the importance of a radiation safety management field is being highlighted. We intend to help radiation workers with exposure management by identifying the degree of radiation exposure and contamination to determine an efficient method of radiation safety management. The personal exposure doses of the radiation workers at the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences measured every quarter during a five-year period from Jan. 1, 2011 till Dec. 31, 2015 were analyzed using a TLD (thermoluminescence dosimeter). The spatial dose rates of radiation-controlled areas were measured using a portable radioscope, and the level of surface contamination was measured at weekly intervals using a piece of smear paper and a low background alpha/beta counter. Though the averages of the depth doses and the surface doses in 2012 increased from those in 2011 by about 14%, the averages were shown to have decreased every year after that. The exposure dose of 27 mSv in 2012 increased from that in 2011 in radiopharmaceutical laboratories and, in the case of the spatial dose rate, the rate of decrease in 2012 was shown to be similar to the annual trend of the whole institute. In the case of the surface contamination level, as the remaining radiation-controlled area with the exception of the I-131 treatment ward showed a low value less than $1.0kBq/m^2$, the annual trend of the I-131 treatment ward was shown to be similar to that of the entire institute. In conclusion, continuous attention should be paid to dose monitoring of the radiation-controlled areas where unsealed sources are handled and the workers therein.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 1997

Dark to pale green-colored, Cr-bearing sericites from hydrothermal alteration zone of the Narim gold deposit were investigated mineralogically and geochemically. The alteration zone is composed mineralogically of quartz, carbonate minerals and green sericite with minor amounts of chlorite, barite and sulfide minerals (pyrite, sphalerite, galena). The zone is enriched in As (967 to 1520 ppm), Cu (31 to 289 ppm), Ni (1027 to 1205 ppm), Pb (0.20 to 1.24 wt.%) and Zn (1.03 to 1.07 wt. %) compared with fresh rocks such as granitic gneiss, porphyritic biotite granite and basic dyke. The Cr, probably the chromophore element, is highly enriched in the alteration zone (1140 to 1500 ppm), host granitic gneiss (1200 ppm) and porphyritic biotite granite (1200 ppm). Occurrence and grain size of sericite are diverse, but most of the Cr-bearing sericites (150 to $200{\mu}m$ long and 20 to $30{\mu}m$ wide) occur along the boundaries between ore veins and host rocks (especially basic dyke and granitic gneiss). X-ray diffraction data of the sericite show its monoclinic form with unit-cell parameters of $a=5.202{\AA}$, $b=8.994{\AA}$, $c=20.103{\AA}$, ${\beta}=95.746^{\circ}$ and $V=935.83{\AA}^3$, which are similar with the normal 2M1-type muscovite. Representative chemical formula of the sericite is ($K_{1.54}Ca_{0.03}Na_{0.01}$)($Al_{3.42}Mg_{0.38}Cr_{0.14}Fe_{0.06}V_{0.02}$)($Si_{6.69}Al_{1.31}$)$O_{20}(OH)_4$. The Cr content increases with decrease of the octahedral Al content, and ranges from 0.36 to 2.58 wt.%. DTA and TG curves of the sericite show endothermic peaks at $342^{\circ}$ to $510^{\circ}$, $716^{\circ}$ to $853^{\circ}$ and $1021^{\circ}C$, which are due to the expulsion of hydroxyl group. The total weight loss by heating is measured to be about 8.8 wt. %, especially at $730^{\circ}C$. Infrared absorption experiments of the sericite show broad absorption band due to the O-H bond stretching vibration near the $3625cm^{-1}$, coupled with the 825 and $750cm^{-1}$ doublet. The vibration bands related with the H-O-Al and Si-O-Al bonds occur at $1030cm^{-1}$ and 500 to $700cm^{-1}$, respectively. Based on paragonite content of the sericite, the formation temperature of the Narim gold deposit is calculated to be $220{\pm}10^{\circ}C$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2005

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration at a multiple dose every 24 h for 5 days in rats. To analyze ID-6105 levels in biological samples, we used an HPLC-based method which was validated in a pharmacokinetic study by suitable criteria. The concentrations of ID-6105 after the multiple administration for 5 days were not significantly different from the results after the single administration. The $t_{1/2\alpha}, t_{l/2\beta}, V_{dss}, and CL_{t}$ after the multiple administration were not significantly different from the values after the single administration. Moreover, the concentrations of ID-6105 1 min at day 1-5 after i.v. bolus multiple administration did not show the significant difference. Of the various tissues, ID-6105 mainly distributed to the kidney, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and liver after i.v. bolus multiple administration. ID-6105 concentrations in the kidney or lung 2 h after i.v. bolus administration were comparable to the plasma concentration shortly after i.v. bolus administration. However, the ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues 48 h after i.v. bolus administration decreased to low levels. ID-6105 was excreted largely in the bile after i.v. bolus multiple administration at the dose of 3 mg/kg. The amounts of ID-6105 found in the bile by 12 h or in the urine by 48 h after the administration were calculated to be $14.1\% or 4.55\%$ of the initial dose, respectively, indicating that ID-6105 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, ID-6105 was rapidly cleared from the blood and transferred to tissues, suggesting that ID-6105 might not be accumulated in the blood following i.v. bolus multiple dosages of 3 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 days. By 48 h after i.v. bolus administration, ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues had decreased to very low levels. The majority of ID-6105 appears to be excreted in the bile.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2018

현재 합성 산화방지제에 대한 독성에 따른 사용 우려로 인해 천연 산화방지제에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증가되고 있으나 천연 산화방지제 역시 한정적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 쿠민 종자의 에탄올 추출물의 산화 방지 효과와 유지 산화에 대한 산화 안정성을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 산화방지효과를 측정하기 위해 실시한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성 결과 0.5 mg/mL에서 73.4% 소거 활성을 보였으며, ABTS 양이온 라디칼 소거 활성 결과 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 50.1% 소거하였다. 총 페놀함량의 결과 $61.0{\mu}M$ tannic acid equivalent/g extract, FRAP 환원력 측정의 결과 $429{\mu}M$ ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract로 측정되었다. $100^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 열산화 시킨 옥수수기름에 첨가 후 산화안정성 평가 결과 초기 산화생성물을 측정하는 CDA의 양은 대조군보다 100 ppm의 농도로 첨가한 쿠민 종자 에탄올 추출물 첨가군이 13.4% 적게 생성되었으며, 이차 산화생성물을 측정하는 ${\rho}-AV$는 대조군에 비해 59.1% 적게 생성되었다. 이러한 유지산화 안정성효과는 쿠민 종자 에탄올 추출물에 존재하는 향기성분들에 의해 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과 쿠민 종자 에탄올 추출물에 존재하는 향기성분에 의해 산화방지와 유지 산화안정성의 우수한 효과를 나타낸 것으로 관찰되었으며 이는 유지가공식품 제조 시 불가피한 합성 산화방지제의 사용을 대체할 수 있는 천연 산화방지제로서의 가능성을 타진한 결과라고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

Objective: In frozen and thawed embryos, the zona pellucida (ZP) can be damaged due to hardening. Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) of embryos can increase the pregnancy rate. This study compared thinning and drilling of the ZP before frozen embryo transfer (FET). Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups for LAH using thinning or drilling on day 2 after thawing. Twenty-five percent of the ZP circumference and 50% of the ZP thickness was removed in the thinning group, and a hole $40{\mu}m$ in diameter was made in the drilling group. Results: A total of 171 in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection FET cycles, including 85 cycles with drilling LAH and 86 cycles with thinning LAH, were carried out. The thinning group had a similar ${\beta}$-human chorionic gonadotropin-positive rate (38.4% vs. 29.4%), implantation rate (16.5% vs. 14.4%), clinical pregnancy rate (36.0% vs. 25.9%), miscarriage rate (5.8% vs. 2.4%), ongoing pregnancy rate (30.2% vs. 23.5%), and multiple pregnancy rate (7.0% vs. 10.6%) to the drilling LAH group. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between subgroups defined based on age (older or younger than 35 years) or ZP thickness (greater or less than $17{\mu}m$) according to the LAH method. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that partial ZP thinning or drilling resulted in similar outcomes in implantation and pregnancy rates using thawed embryos, irrespective of women's age or ZP thickness.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2019

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often suffer from diverse skin disorders, which might be attributable to skin barrier dysfunction. To explore the role of lipid alterations in the epidermis in DM skin disorders, we quantitated 49 lipids (34 ceramides, 14 free fatty acids (FFAs), and cholesterol) in the skin epidermis, liver, and kidneys of db/db mice, a Type 2 DM model, using UPLC-MS/MS. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis was also evaluated. With the full establishment of hyperglycemia at the age of 20 weeks, remarkable lipid enrichment was noted in the skin of the db/db mice, especially at the epidermis and subcutaneous fat bed. Prominent increases in the ceramides and FFAs (>3 fold) with short or medium chains ($LXR{\alpha}/{\beta}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, nuclear receptors promoting lipid synthesis, lipid synthesis enzymes such as elongases 1, 4, and 6, and fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase were highly expressed in the skin and livers of the db/db mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates an extensive alteration in the skin and systemic lipid profiles of db/db mice, which could contribute to the development of skin disorders in DM.

• 대한신경과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2018

Background: Neuroimaging can play a crucial role in discovering potential abnormalities to cause secondary headache. There has been a progress in the fields of headache diagnosis and neuroimaging in the past two decades. We sought to investigate neuroimaging findings according to headache disorders, age, sex, and imaging modalities in first-visit headache patients. Methods: We used data of consecutive first-visit headache patients from 9 university and 2 general referral hospitals. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, beta version was used in headache diagnosis. We finally enrolled 1,080 patients undertook neuroimaging in this study. Results: Among 1,080 patients (mean age: $47.7{\pm}14.3$, female: 60.8%), proportions of headache diagnosis were as follows: primary headaches, n=926 (85.7%); secondary headaches, n=110 (10.2%); and cranial neuropathies and other headaches, n=43 (4.1%). Of them, 591 patients (54.7%) received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 232 patients (21.5%), and their proportions were higher in older age groups and male sex. Chronic cerebral ischemia was the most common finding (n=88, 8.1%), whereas 76 patients (7.0%) were found to have clinically significant abnormalities such as primary brain tumor, cancer metastasis, and headache-relevant cerebrovascular disease. Patients underwent MRI were four times more likely to have neuroimaging abnormalities than those underwent computed tomography (33.3% vs. 7.2%, p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, the findings of neuroimaging differed according to headache disorders, age, sex, and imaging modalities. MRI can be a preferable neuroimaging modality to identify potential causes of headache.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2023

𝛽-glucan은 바이오폴리머 (biopolymer)의 한 종류로 식품 및 의약품 산업에 이용되고 있으며, 최근 친환경신소재로서 제방강화에 이용되거나 토양에 배합하여 식생을 보호하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이오폴리머 중 𝛽-glucan의 토양혼합 유무와 가뭄처리에 따른 괴근작물 고구마 (Ipomoea batatas L., 품종명 소담미)의 표현형, 생장, 그리고 주요 단백질의 발현 및 활성 변화를 분석하였다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 𝛽-glucan 토양혼합에 따른 고구마의 엽장 및 엽폭의 생장, 그리고 전해질유출도에서 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나. 상대수분함량은 통계적으로 유의성을 보여주었다. 가뭄스트레스 내성에 관여된 주요 원형질막 (plasma membrane, PM) 단백질의 발현과 활성을 분석하였을 때, 1차 능동수송체 PM H⁺-ATPase은 𝛽-glucan 토양혼합 조건과 가뭄스트레스에 하에서 상대적으로 높은 발현과 활성을 유지하였으나, 수분수송단백질 아쿠아포린 plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 (PIP2)은 𝛽-glucan 토양혼합 조건과 가뭄스트레스에 의해 원형질막에서의 분포가 감소하였다. 이 결과는 𝛽-glucan의 토양혼합이 가뭄스트레스 하에서 토양수분 보유력을 향상시켜 고구마의 가뭄 스트레스와 관련된 원형질막 단백질들이 내성에 유리하게 발현됨을 보여준다. 결론적으로 이 연구는 바이오폴리머를 활용한 토양생태를 조절하는 기술로써 가뭄에 따른 식생의 생장 및 피해를 판단하는데 유효할 것이라 판단된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

관상동맥질환의 진단 및 평가에 있어서 myocardial perfusion SPECT검사와 FDG를 이용한 myocardial PET검사 그리고 PET/CT에 장착된 64-slice CT를 이용한 coronary CT angiography를 동시에 실행함으로 검사의 신뢰도와 편의성을 한층 더 높이고자 한다. 먼저 약물부하 myocardial perfusion SPECT검사를 먼저 시행한다. 환자의 피폭경감을 위해서 $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 10 mCi 로 주사하며 myocardial PET검사를 위해서 지방식을 먹지 않고 ursodeoxcholic acid 100 mg을 생수와 함께 복용하게 하여 1시간 후에 SPECT 영상을 얻는다. 이어서 myocardial FDG PET검사를 시행한다. 혈중의 지방산 농도를 낮추고 심장의 FDG섭취율을 증가시키기 위해 혈중 포도당 농도치에 따라 insulin과 Acipimox를 함께 사용하는 독창적인 경구 당 부하법을 사용하였으며, 환자의 피폭 경감을 위해서 $^{18}F$-FDG 5 mCi를 주사하고 1시간 후에 10분간 gated 영상을 얻으며 필요시 delay 영상을 얻는다. PET검사가 끝남과 동시에 환자는 동일한 position을 하고 연속해서 coronary CTA를 시행한다. 이 검사에서 가장 중요한 것은 심박동수 조절과 환자의 호흡협조이다. 심박동수를 65회 이하로 낮추기 위해 beta blocker 50 mg~200 mg을 의사와 상의하여 복용케 하고 호흡법을 충분히 연습을 시키다. 검사 직전에 isosorbide dinitrate를 3~5회 분무하여 혈관벽의 긴장을 낮추고 혈관을 확장시켜서 coronary artery의 해부학적 형태를 더욱 잘 나타낼 수 있게 한다. 촬영 시 CT 조영제를 4.0~5.0 mL/sec의 압력으로 주입하며 촬영을 한다. Coronary CTA를 이용하면 coronary artery stenosis가 잘 보이며, 약물부하 myocardial perfusion SPECT로 coronary CTA에서 보인 stenosis와 perfusion저하의 상관관계를 검토(culprit vessel 확인)할 수 있으며, FDG PET으로 hibernating myocardium 또는 infarction site의 viability를 확인할 수 있다. 한 가지 검사로 lesion site와 severity 및 치료에 대한 반응 예측이 가능함으로 약물치료, PCI, CABG 등 치료방향을 설정할 수 있다. 또한 모든 검사 과정들이 연속적으로 동시에 이루어지기 때문에 짧은 시간(3시간) 내에 one-stop으로 검사를 종료할 수 있는 큰 장점을 가지게 된다. 그러므로 이 검사법은 ischemic heart disease의 one-stop evaluation에 있어서 유용한 protocol로 보여진다.