• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

Isolation of phycobiliprotein from S. platensis was performed by using $30-60{\%}$ ammomium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE-Sephacel anionic exchange chromatography. Isolated phycobiliprotein was determined to be a c-phycocyanin with a maximum absorption wavelength at 620 nm. This phycobiliprotein consisted of $({\alpha}$ and $({\beta}$ subunit when analyzed through SDS-PAGE. The molecular weights of $({\alpha}$ and $({\beta}$ subunit were 14.5 kDa and 16 kDa, respectively. The native molecular weight of phycobiliprotein through gel filtration was about 100 kDa. These results show that the structure of phycobiliprotein from S. platensis might be aggregated form of $({\alpha}{\beta})_{3}-trimer$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 1992

The effect of various water-activity depressors, such as pol yo Is, sugars, and polymers, on the conversion yields of the enzymatic synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin from $\beta$-cyc1odextrin and maltose through reverse reaction of pullulanase was investigated. PEG 6000 of concentration of 10% (w/w) was found to be the most acceptable water-activity depressor resulting for increment of conversion yield from 43.0% to 55.9%, corresponding maltosyl-$\beta$-cyc1odextrin concentration of 3.02 g/100 ml H20. Water activity was changed from initial 0.966 to 0.914 upon addition of 20% (w/w) of PEG 6000. The conversion yields were inversely proportional to the water activities, and the increased conversion yield was caused by water activity depression which inhibited the hydrolysis reaction of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD to maltose and $\beta$-cyc1odextrin. The changes of enthalpy ($\Delta$H), entropy ($\Delta$S), and Gibbs free energy ($\Delta$G) were calculated to be 36.788 kJ/mole, 0.067 kJ/mole K. and 14.433 kJ/mole, respectively. The synthesis of maltosyl-$\beta$-CD could be increased substantially by the intermittent feeding of $\beta$-cyclodextrin. PEG 6000 could be separated effectively from reaction mixture using ultrafiltration membrane for reutilization.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2005

Integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) regulates several protein kinases, including PKB/Akt kinase and glycogen synthase kinase ${\beta}$. ILK1 is also involved distinctively in the cell morphological and structural functions by interacting with the components of the extracellular matrix or integrin. According to the information of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) substrate specificity (R-X-R-X-X(S/T)-${\phi};{\phi}$ indicates a hydrophobic amino acid), two putative phosphorylation sites, $Thr^{181}\;and\;Ser^{246}$, were found in ILK1. We showed that ILK1 fusion protein and two fluorescein-labeled ILK1 peptides, $FITC-^{174}RTRPRNGTLN^{183}$ and $FITC-^{239}CPRLRIFSHP^{248}$, were phosphorylated by SGK1 in vitro. We also identified that 14-3-3 ${\theta}\;{\varepsilon}\;and\;{\xi}$, among several 143-3 isotypes $({\beta},\;{\gamma},\;{\varepsilon},\;{\eta},\;{\sigma},\;{\theta},\;{\tau}\;and\;{\xi})$ formed protein complex with ILK1 in COS-1 cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of $Ser^{246}$ by SGK1 induced the binding with 14-3-3. It was also demonstrated that 14-3-3-bound ILK1 has reduced kinase activity. Thus, these data suggest that SGK1 phosphorylates $Thr^{181}\;and\;Ser^{246}$ of ILK1 and the phosphorylation of its $Ser^{246}$ makes ILK1 bind to 14-3-3, resulting in the inhibition of ILK1 kinase activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1016-1019
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• 2004

The chromatographic separation of a methylene chloride extract of Artemisia rubripes led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone (3), together with four known compounds, a coumarin (2) and three terpenes (1, 4, and 5). Their structures were characterized to be $1{\beta},6{\alpha}$- dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (1), scopoletin (2), $1{\alpha},4{\beta}-dihydroxy-8{\alpha}$-acetoxy-guaia-2,10(14), 11(13)-triene-6,12-olide (3), $1{\alpha},4{\beta}$ -dihydroxy-8${\alpha}$-acetoxy-guaia-2,9,11(13)-triene-6,12-olide (4), and $\beta$ -sitosterol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glycoside (5) by spectroscopic means.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2011

A psychrotrophic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. ON14, isolated from Antarctica, was shown to exhibit a high ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity at a low temperature. A genomic library of ON14 was constructed and screened for ${\beta}$-galactosidase genes on functional plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) as the substrate. Two different ${\beta}$-galactosidase genes, named as galA, galB, were found in ON14. Computational analyses of the genes revealed that the encoded protein GalA belongs to family 2 of glycosyl hydrolysases and is a cold-active protein, whereas GalB belongs to family 42 of glycosyl hydrolysases and is a mesophilic protein. Reverse transcription analyses revealed that the expression of galA is highly induced at a low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$ ) and repressed at a high temperature ($28^{\circ}C$ ) when lactose is used as the sole carbon source. Conversely, the expression of galB is inhibited at a low temperature and induced at a high temperature. The purified GalA showed its peak activity at $15^{\circ}C$ and pH 8. The mineral ions $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ were identified as enzyme activators, whereas $Ca^{2+}$ had no influence on the enzyme activity. An enzyme stability assay revealed that the activity of GalA is significantly decreased when it is incubated at $45^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, and all its activity is lost when it is incubated at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.462-469
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• 2013

Catechin (CTEC) is well-known as a very powerful antioxidant, containing the effects of anti-inflammation and skin wound healing. In this study, CTEC/${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) nanoparticles were incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/pectin (PT) hydrogel. The composite was designed for the induction of re-epithelializaton in skin wound. CTEC/${\beta}$-CD nanoparticles were prepared by a molecular complex method. The size of the CTEC nanoparticles formed in the hydrogel was in the range of $250{\pm}17.5$ nm. The incorporation efficiency of CTEC in the nanoparticles was 74%. The cumulative amounts of CTEC released from the hydrogel containing CTEC nanoparticles in the buffers of pH7.4 and 5.5 were $86.51{\pm}3.14%$ and $35.95{\pm}2.14%$ of total CTEC loaded in the hydrogel within 72 h, respectively. Also, in the wound healing test, the CTEC nanoparticles-loaded PVA/PT hydrogel showed faster healing of the wound made in rat dorsum than the CTEC gel.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.599-603
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• 2005

Chemical constituents of fruit peels of Fortunella japonica Swingle were investigated, and ten compounds were purified and isolated through various chromatographic procedures. Through NMR analysis, isolated compounds were identified as ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (1), lupenone (2), ${\beta}$-amyrin (3), ${\alpha}$-amyrin (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ${\beta}$-sitosteryl 3-O-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferide 3-O-rhanmopyranoside (7), 3',5'-di-C-${\beta}$-glucopyranosylphloretin (8), acacetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (9), and acacetin 8-C-neohesperidoside (10). Compounds 1-7 were identified for the first time by our group from fruit peels of F. japonica.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1991

The existence in nature of two isomers of 28-nortriterpenes is known. One is normal D/E cis form and the other is $17\alpha$-hydrogen D/E trans form. Since the latter cannot exist with ring D in the chair conformation, the chiroptical method is not applicable to determination of the absolute configuration. The stereochemical assignment would now be made by NMR data. Confirmation of this view could be provided by the synthesis of $3\beta, 21\beta-{dihydroxy-16-keto-28-nor-17}\alpha, \;18\beta-{olean-12-ene}$ as a model compound.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2004

Vitamin E, consisting of tocotrienols ($\textrm{T}_3$) and tocopherols ($\textrm{T}$) is well-known nutraceutical compound for its antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol-low-ering activity. The contents of alpha ($\alpha\textrm{-}$), beta ($\beta\textrm{-}$), gamma ($\gamma\textrm{-}$) and delta ($\delta\textrm{-}$) tocotrienols and tocopheyols in some Korean crop seeds were evaluated by using HPLC after saponification. Among tested crops, total 73 contents (mg/110g) were purple perilla 25.06, barley 4.50, corn 3.54, iris 3.04, adlay 2.58, safflower 0.12. Other crops including 5 soybean cultivars, kidneybean, sunflower and perilla contained no tocotrienols. Regarding $\textrm{T}_3$ isomers, $\beta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ were rut observed in adlay and corn, and $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$ were not in iris aid purple perilla, while safflower exhibited no detectable $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$ and $\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$. Total T contents (mg/100g) were high in iris (51.82), perilla (40.90), soybean (34.11), sunflower (20.88), and they all contained all $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\gamma\textrm{-}$ and $\delta\textrm{-}$ tocopterol isomers. Total Vit E contents (T ＋ $\textrm{T}_3$, mg/100g) were iris 54.86, purple perilla 41.80, perilla 40.90, soybean 34.11, sunflower 20.88, safflower 14.73, corn 11.49, evening-primrose 10.07, barley 7.48, adlay 6.24 and kidneybean 5.27.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2009

Seven monoterpenes, three sesquiterpenes, three phenolics and one flavonoid were isolated from the MeOH extract of Amomum xanthioides. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be caryophyllene oxide (1), bornyl acetate (2), nerolidol (3), spathulenol (4), (-)-borneol (5), (+)-5-endohydroxycamphor (6), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (8), betulabuside A (9), (1R,4S,6R)-6-hydroxyfenchan-2-one-6-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (10), (1S,4R,6S)-6-hydroxybornan-2-one-6-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (11), (1R,2S,4S,5R)-angelicoidenol 2-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (12), 1-O-vanilloyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (13), and quercetin-3-rhamnopyranoside (14). Compounds 6-14 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using a SRB bioassay.