• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1284-1287
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• 2007

Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) is promising candidate for fabricating blocking layer of gate dielectrics in non-volatile memory (NVM). In this work, we investigated $TiO_2$ as high dielectric constant material instead of silicon dioxide ($SiO_2$), which is generally used as blocking layer for NVM.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1284-1287
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• 2005

Peripheral pentacene region gives a significant influence on C-V characteristics of metal-oxide-pentacene capacitor structure. When the gate voltage goes toward negative, the effect of peripheral pentacene region becomes larger. Remaining gate DC bias constant and changing small signal frequency, the capacitance of peripheral pentacene changes along with frequency so that the total capacitance value also changes. The influence of peripheral pentacene region should be removed to measure accurate C-V characteristics, because it is hard to take into account the effect of the region quantitatively. After removing the influence of peripheral pentacene region, acceptor concentration, flat band voltage and depletion width of pentacene thin film are extracted from an accurate C-V curve as $1.58{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$, -1.54 V and 39.4 nm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1282-1284
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• 1998

ZnO Varistor is an electronic ceramic device for controlling the surge voltage from low level to high. In this study, the puncture mechanism occurring in ZnO varistor is investigated, and the simulation for restraining the puncture by formulating the relation between the applied voltage and the increase of the inside temperature of grain is applied. In order to simulate the cause of the current localization which is the primary factor causing the puncture, the localization phenomenon and the temperature distribution induced by the localized current, the Voronoi network is applied, which can realize the structure of the practical varistor better than the established simple network. Using the current through each grain and the voltage applied to the grain boundary obtained from that simulation, the Joule heating energy is calculated and the phenomenon that the puncture occurs can be analyzed quantitatively by simulating the electric and thermal characteristics according to the externally applied pulsed voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1274-1284
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• 2005

Effect of fixation methods and relaxation treatment on the dimensional stability and physical properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton knitted fabrics were studied. Combination of four different fixation methods - relaxation, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of 4 kinds of cotton knitted fabric with MDPPA/HMM. Then these fabrics were washed 10 times. As a result, In swelling treatment on 10G showed relatively higher value of length shrinkage than 14G. Length and width shrinkage were increased by initial washing treatment and no further change was shown after 6 washing cycles. After 10 washing cycles, length and width shrinkage decreased. The KES standardized basic value of B/W, 2HB/W and bursting strength of interlock were relatively larger than those of single jersey. The values of B/W and 2HB/W of cotton knitted fabrics were increased by relaxation and washing treatment but were decreased by swelling treatment. In addition, the bursting strength of the cotton knitted fabrics was decreased after fusing, washing and relaxation treatment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1283-1284
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• 2008

염료감응형 태양전지는 투명성과 광입사각 둔감성 등의 장점을 바탕으로 미래 태양전지 시장을 주도할 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이러한 염료감응형 태양전지의 실용화를 위해서는 고효율 연구뿐만 아니라 대면적화를 통한 용량의 증대 연구도 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 금속 재료로 염료감응형 태양전지 내에 그리드 전극을 삽입함으로써 전자 및 홀의 이동 개선과 확산 이동의 최소화에 의한 손실 감소를 통해 효율 향상을 시도했다. 또한, 투명전극의 레이저 식각을 통해 염료감응형 태양전지의 내부 저항 중 큰 비중을 차지하는 투명전극의 표면 저항도 줄이고자 했다. SEM을 통해 투명전극의 식각 상태를 확인하고, radio frequency 스퍼터를 통해 그리드 전극을 증착한 결과, 기존 셀보다 향상된 출력전류 및 fill factor를 얻을 수 있었고, 약 1%의 효율 증가를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1280-1284
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• 2003

The number of protozoa and VFA content in the rumen fluid, in situ disappearance and turnover rate were examined with four rumen-fistulated cattle given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay in order to clarify the manner of rumen digestion of sugarcane stalk. Cattle were given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay at 1.0% of body weight level with commercial concentrate feed. Feeding sugarcane stalk reduced acetate content and increased propionate and butyrate contents in rumen fluid. While rapidlysoluble fraction of sugarcane stalk was 42%, the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction was only 17%. This clearly showed that sugarcane stalk mainly consisted of water soluble fraction (i.e. sugar) and tough fiber (i.e. bagasse). The ruminal degradation rate of both Ruzi grass hay and sugarcane stalk was lower in the animal given sugarcane stalk in comparison with those given Ruzi grass hay. While the turnover rate of liquid phase was about 50% higher in the animals given sugarcane stalk than in the animals given Ruzi grass hay, that of the solid phase was about 40% lower in the animals given sugarcane stalk. The effective degradability of DM of sugarcane stalk was higher than that of Ruzi grass hay. Sugarcane would be a promising roughage for ruminants in the tropics especially, in the dry season.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1284-1287
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• 2009

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ is chronically elevated in adipose tissues of obese rodents and humans. Increased levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ have been implicated in both the induction of atherogenic adipokines, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and the inhibition of the anti-atherogenic adipokine, adiponectin. In this study, we investigated the effects of trans-stilbene, piceatannol, rhaponticin, and piceid on the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced atherogenic changes of adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. Exposure to TNF-${\alpha}$ for 24 hr increased PAI-1 secretion and decreased adiponectin secretion. Among stilbenoids, piceatannol significantly inhibited the increased secretion of PAI-1 induced by TNF-${\alpha}$. Adiponectin secretion decreased by TNF-${\alpha}$ was recovered after trans-stilbene and rhaponticin treatments. Our results showed that stilbenoids exerted different effects on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced changes in adipokines secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes according to their structural characteristics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2009

A directly heated $SO_3$ decomposer for the sulfur-iodine and hybrid-sulfur processes has been introduced and analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX 11. The use of a directly heated decomposition reactor in conjunction with a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) allows for higher decomposition reactor operating temperatures. However, the high temperatures and strongly corrosive operating conditions associated with $SO_3$ decomposition present challenges for the structural materials of decomposition reactors. In order to resolve these problems, we have designed a directly heated $SO_3$ decomposer using RA330 alloy as a structural material and have performed a CFD analysis of the design based on the finite rate chemistry model. The CFD results show the maximum temperature of the structural material could be maintained sufficiently below 1073 K, which is considered the target temperature for RA 330. The CFD simulations also indicated good performance in terms of $SO_3$ decomposition for the design parameters of the present study.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2008

The alternative energy has lately attracted considerable attention due to the high oil price and environment problem. Deep sea water that is one of the natural energy sources should be getting popular continually to reduce the environment problem. In this study, cooling system of deep sea water using heat exchangers of two hotels where is located in near Hae-undae Bay has been analyzed on the quantity of electricity comparison between existing cooling system and deep seawater cooling system. As shortly, the results of study showed that the first building approximately saves 370 millions won per year, also the second building saves 248 millions won per year. It means that the cooling system by using deep sea water has great worth to reduce the ratio of fossil fuel.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1284-1289
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• 2004

Galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (GCPVP) was synthesized and characterized for hepatocyte-targeting gene carrier. GCPVP itself as well as GCPVP/DNA complex had negligible cytotoxicity regardless of the concentration of GCPVP and the charge ratio, but GCPVP/DNA complex had slightly cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells only in the case of the higher charge ratio and 20 mM of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration used. Through the confocal laser scanning microscopy, it is shown that the endocytosis by interaction between galactose ligands of GCPVP and ASGPR of the hepatocytes was the major route of transfection of GCPVP/F-plasmid complexes.