• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of urbanization in 31 provinces and cities in China, including both desirable and non-expected outputs produced during the urbanization process. Efficiency was analyzed by applying the SBM-DEA model using the urbanization calculation data of 2017 in 31 provinces and cities in China. The results show that the urbanization efficiency of eastern region is the highest, followed by central region and northeast region, and the urbanization efficiency of western region is the lowest. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the efficiency of urbanization in 31 provinces and cities in China and suggests the direction of continuous urbanization policy. This study is limited in that it does not reflect the past trend only by conducting cross-sectional analysis for one year in 2017, and it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate urbanization efficiency by conducting additional longitudinal area analysis in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

This paper deals with a longitudinal time series study on the viewing behavior of digital media service. After holdback of terrestrial broadcasting VOD service was extended in 2013, viewers' terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing went down sharply. Researcher assumed that there was driven by watching alternative products such as movies, kids, etc. as the cause of the decline of the terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing. In addition, researcher assumed that the decline of terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing had an influence on the viewing rate of the terrestrial real-time broadcasting, and confirmed the cause of the decreasing of the terrestrial real-time broadcasting viewing rate. In order for terrestrial broadcasters to retrieve real-time broadcasting and VOD viewing, it is necessary to shorten the VOD holdback and reacquire viewers away from terrestrial broadcasting.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2017

Today, Emotional Intelligence of the leader has become important in order to achieve the achievement of the organization. Especially, the automobile industry is somewhat conservative and the organizational culture of the subcontractor is still much more important than the service industry which has a flexible. In this context, I examine the Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Innovative Behavior in manufacture of automobile industry focusing on moderating effect of Authentic Leadership. This Study enhances the understanding of Emotional Intelligence and extends the research. Future research will needed to pioneer research methods such as various aspects of measurement and time series of various variables.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.414-423
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to establish MICE(meeting, incentive, convention, exhibition) marketing strategies in Busan Metropolitan by examining its satisfaction level. Surveys were conducted for participants of 10 cases of Meetings, Incentive, Conventions and Exhibition in Busan Metropolitan. A time series analysis was performed by its data from 2002 to 2008. Research findings showed that accomodations, facilities and MICE operation were highly scored, while connected tour, shopping, easy access to airport, and interpretation were scored relatively low. Especially connected tour was scored very low. Therefore, we should concentrate on tourism attractions and tourism information services to improve visitors satisfactions. Second, we should develop shopping items to improve satisfactions of MICE visitors. Since this study only targeted the 10 MICEs they cannot represent the entire MICEs in Busan and absolute comparison was difficult because of different content and size of each MICE, which could be the limitation of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.209-234
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• 2017

This study viewed schools as a cause of students dropping out and posited that dropping out of high school would vary depending on the characteristics and influencing factors of the school from which students were dropping out. Therefore, focusing on schools, we longitudinally investigated the change patterns of school dropout across high schools in the country, and the types of changes in dropping out of high school. In addition, we predicted the general characteristics of schools according to the type of school students were dropping out from, looked at the changes in the major factors (i.e., school violence and school counseling) affecting school dropout, and reviewed schools' long-term efforts and outcomes in relation to school dropout. For this purpose, KERIS EDSS's "Secondary School Information Disclosure Data" were used. The final model included data collected five years20122016) from high schools across the country. The results were as follows. First, in order to examine the longitudinal change patterns of dropping out of high schools, a latent growth models analysis was conducted, and it revealed that, as time passed, the dropout rate decreased. Second, growth mixture modeling was used to explore types according to the change patterns of the school students were dropping out from. The results showed three types: the "remaining in school" type, the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type, and the "increasing school dropping out". Third, the multinomial logistic regression was conducted to predict the general characteristics of schools by type. The results showed that public schools, vocational schools, and schools with a large number of students who have below the basic levels in Korean, English and mathematics were more likely to belong to the "increasing school dropout" type. Further, the larger the total number of students, the higher the probability of belonging to the "remaining in school" type or the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type. Lastly, growth mixture modeling was used to analyze the trend of school violence and school counseling according to the three types. The focus was on the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type. In the case of the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type, it was found that as time passed, the number of school violence cases and the number of offenders gradually decreased. In addition, in terms of change in school counseling the results revealed that the number of placement of professional counselors in schools increased every year and peer counseling was continuously promoted, which may account for the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.446-457
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to grasp the seriousness of depression problems in medical students by examining the research trends among them and to present desirable direction of the future study. A selective search has been conducted for literature published in Nurimedia (DBPIA), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), National Assembly Library (NANET) and National Digital Science Library (NDSL) databases. 18 papers have been selected for the final analysis. The results showed that studies on depression problems were published in very small proportion which researchers with diverse majors including psychiatry participated. Second, most of depression assessment tools usually measured depression only while some did various psychological symptoms. Third, independent t test was the most frequent analytic method. Last but not least, there was no research dealing with intervention about depression in medical students. To sum up, though numerous researchers with diverse specialties participated in the depression study and analyzed the data using various analyses and variables, there is a lack of intervention for depression of the medical students. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the necessity of practical intervention based on the evidence-based practice.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate amount of myopic progression with increase of age for children myopes among patients of a Korean optometry clinic. Methods: It has followed up 99 children subjects (male 55, female 44) who had no ocular disease and have visited a Korean optometric clinic for mean $33{\pm}8$ months (13 to 54 months) since June of 2001. Mean age of subjects at first visit was $118{\pm}23$months. Non-cycloplegic refractive error were measured 6 times using Canon RK-3(Japan) every mean 6 months. Results: For all subjects mean of refractive errors increased -0.78 D per year from $-2.02{\pm}1.05D$ at first visit to $-4.18{\pm}1.30D$ at final visit with longitudinal study, but -0.19 D per year with cross-section study, which showed a big difference between two methods. Mean of astigmatic refractive error increased -0.15 D per year. As progression of refractive error according to ages at first visit, refractive errors increased -1.04 D per year for 6 years old, -0.9 D for 7 years old, -0.89 D for 8 years old, -0.89 D for 9 years old, -0.74 D for 10 years old, -0.74 D for 11 years old and -0.72 D for 12 years old. And it showed a tendency that the younger age was the higher progression of myopia. However it was not significantly different between each groups. Conclusions: Follow-up results for myopic children among patients of a Korean optometry clinic showed increase of -0.78 D for myopic refractive error and -0.14 D for astigmatic refractive error per year.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.648-659
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• 2019

The social network services have spread rapidly with new issues in terms of the security. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally verify the influence of relationships among online security, social network service, and smartphone expense. The analyses were conducted on panel data of SNS users from 2015 to 2017 based on the SEM methodologies. The results indicated that anxiety of online security had an effect on the SNS usage. In addition, The results showed that anxiety of online security and SNS usage had a significant influence on the smartphone expenses. This study could provide useful guidelines for researchers and company managers, and an opportunity to develop an understanding of social network trends.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

Construction industry is broadly agreed as one of the most important sectors of any economy around the world. In this paper, time series data of Korean construction industry and Korean economy are examined. The Bon's proposition will be inspected for Korean context using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The analysis of the longer than four decades national account statistic of the Korean macro economy verify Bon's proposition of an inverted U-shaped relationships. The verified U-shaped relationships for Korean context exist not only in terms of the construction share in total GDP but also in terms of total construction volume as an economy develops from LDC to NIC and then to AIC eventually with time. The results of the thesis show that the contribution towards the macro economy has varied across different stages of development.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-71
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• 2019

How has the passenger car's architecture evolved? In the meantime, the discussions on the car architecture have been mixed, i.e., integral, modular, and the coexistence of two types. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop two indices can measure the degree of modularization of passenger car and its all modules using global trade data. By applying the indices to the framework of architecture positioning that reflects the hierarchical structure of a product, we examined that the degree of modularization of the passenger car architecture has been enhanced. Meanwhile, the degree of modularization differs across the modules that make up the car. Specifically, we observed the higher degree of modularization in front-end, cockpit and seat modules. Whereas, we found that body module had a relatively low degree of modularization. In particular, we observed that the platform of passenger car has notably modularized due to carmakers' efforts to achieve model diversification and reduction of cost and period in new product development at the same time. Interestingly, we showed that three modules, i.e., engine, chassis (relatively less modularized), and transmission (relatively highly modularized), had a different level of modularization, even if they commonly make up the platform. We contribute to the suggestion for analytical approaches that examine the degree of modularization and its progress longitudinally. In addition, we propose the necessity of decomposition of a system into elements in a study of product architecture, considering the possibly distinctive progress of modularization across the elements.