• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

This study describes for the first time in Pinus genus a plant regeneration system via a combined pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from immature seeds of radiata pine. Somatic embryos were obtained from embryogenic line 2162 of Pinus radiata D. Don on EDM basal medium containing $60{\mu}M$ ABA and 6% sucrose. The explants used for organogenesis experiments were either freshly collected somatic embryos or somatic embryos germinated for 1 week. Germination medium was half-strength LP medium, supplemented with 0.2% activated charcoal. Different induction periods and BA concentrations were assayed for shoot induction. After induction treatments, explants were elongated on the same medium used for germination stage. Rooting medium was quarter-strength LP medium supplemented with three different auxin treatments: $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and $1mg\;L^{-1}$ IBA with $0.5mg\;L^{-1}$ NAA (MIX). The effect of the photon flux ($120mmol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and darkness) in the first week of the explants in the rooting media was also tested. This methodology could offer an alternative to overcome some problems associated with somatic embryogenesis such as the seasonality of embryogenic tissue (ET) initiation or a low embryo production from the ET, a particularly important issue in the case of genetically transformed ETs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim is a rare and valued ornamental plant. Germination rate reached 46.6% when seeds were treated with $100mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ GA (Gibberellic acid). The highest callus induction was observed in the leaf explants of the seedlings on MS medium containing specific concentrations of $0.5mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ BA ($N^6$-benzyladenine) and $3.0mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ NAA (a-naphthalene acetic acid). The adventitious shoot was formed in 97.3% of calli on 1/2 WPM (Woody Plant Medium) medium. Shoot elongation of in vitro propagated plantlets was no difference among various medium. The plantlets grew well after transferring to the pot. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of this endangered plant.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.252-264
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• 2017

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and the relatively high levels polyphenols is benefit for health. In this study, we developed an efficient system for proliferation of callus from 'Anji Baicha', a cultivar of tea (Camellia sinensis). Callus tissue was initially induced by culturing leaf explants on medium containing different plant growth regulators. For callus induction, thidiazuron (TDZ) was more effective than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), ${\alpha}-naphthalene$ acetic acid (NAA), and $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA). The frequency of callus induction from leaf explants reached 90.21% on $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ and the developed callus was reddish and friable. We also tested the effect of different concentrations of NAA, 2,4-D, indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), BA, and TDZ, alone and in combinations, on callus proliferation. Medium supplemented with TDZ in combination with IAA was suitable for callus proliferation and accumulation of tea polyphenols. The growth index value and tea polyphenol content of callus cultured on MS medium containing $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA was maximally 1,351% and 23.24%, respectively, and the relative abundance of epicatechin was as high as 17.449%. We also measured the antioxidant activity of all samples and the callus with the highest tea polyphenol content also exhibited high potential radical scavenging activity.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2020

To establish in vitro axillary bud culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of Korean endemic endangered species famous for beautiful flowers, we tested the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in shooting and rooting stage from in vitro plants. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the media induced 2.5 to 3 shoots per bud during 4 weeks of culture. And media including 0.5 mg L^-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3 to 4 shoots per bud. However, zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) were not successful to increase shoot number, and the combination treatments of BA with other PGRs were also not effective. Shoots were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg L^-1 appeared to increase rooting rate by 10% to 60% approximately when compared with the control but roots developed with callus clusters. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (below 10%), while some roots were longer than in NAA treatments and some shoots were longer on high IBA concentrations (4.0 to 8.0 mg L^-1). It is suggested that micropropagation is a highly applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of rare and endangered endemic species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

수요가 증가하고 있는 단자엽 구근 화훼작물인 무스카리($Muscari$ $armeniacum$ Leichtl. Ex Bak.) 'Early Giant' 품종의 캘러스를 재료로 체세포배발생을 통한 기내 대량증식 체계를 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 잎 절편을 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) 등 오옥신이 0.1~3.0 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 첨가된 배지에 배양하여 모든 배지에서 부드러운 엷은 연두색 캘러스를 고빈도로 유기하였지만 유기된 캘러스를 동일한 조성의 배지로 이식하였을 때 2,4-D, 4-amino-3,5,6-tri-chloropicolinic acid(picloram) 및 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) 첨가배지에서만 증식이 양호하게 이루어졌다. 비록 체세포배발생의 빈도가 캘러스의 기원과 배발생 유도 배지의 식물생장조절제 조성에 따라 차이가 있기는 했지만 식물생장조절제 무첨가 배지를 비롯하여 $N^6$-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) 등 다양한 시토키닌과 NAA 0.01 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$가 혼용된 배지에서 체세포배가 유기되었다. 무스카리 잎 절편을 picloram 0.1 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 배지에 치상하여 캘러스를 유기하고 동일한 배지로 이식하여 증식한 후 NAA 0.01 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$와 BAP 0.5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 혼용배지로 이식했을 때 최고빈도인 캘러스 덩어리당 9.3개의 체세포배를 획득할 수 있었다. 또한 무스카리 체세포배는 구형, 편심장형, 편어뢰형, 초기 자엽형, 중기 자엽형, 후기 자엽형, 초기 맹아형, 중기 맹아형 및 후기 맹아형배 등 총 9단계로 그 외형이 뚜렷이 구분되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2021

Iris koreana (Iridaceae) is an endangered plant native to Korea. In order to develop an in vitro propagation method, we investigated the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on callus induction in different I. koreana tissues. In addition, we also investigated the effect of 2,4-D and Benzyl aminopurine (BA) treatments on adventitious shoot induction in viable calli and the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation in viable shoots. We found that callus production was highest with 1.0 mg/L NAA (94.4% cultured rhizome explants), and adding low concentrations of 2,4-D to BA containing media significantly increased the frequency of shoot primordial formation. The best rooting results were obtained with 1.0 mg/L IBA, on which 98% of regenerated shoots developed roots and produced an average of 7.4 roots within 45 days. This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation, as well as for mass propagation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica flower petals were established on MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$. Cell cultures of Azadirachta indica were established and studied the growth and production kinetics. Half 85 medium supplemented with dicamba (2 mg/L), kinetin (1 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable for initiation and maintenance of cell cultures from the calli. MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable as production medium. Around $80\%\;(0.05\%\;w/v)$ of azadirachtin was found to be intracellular. The effect of various precursors, elicitors, permeabilizing agents and growth retardants in cell cultures was studied. The addition of precursors sodium acetate (10 mg/L), squalene (10 mg/L), isopentenyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) and geranyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) to the cell cultures on day 3 has shown significant increase in bioproduction of azadirachtin $(64.94{\pm}4.40\;mg/L,\;72.81{\pm}0.04\;mg/L,\;51.63{\pm}1.26\;mg/L\;and\;30.70{\pm}0.28\;mg/L\;respectively)$ over the control cultures $(4.70{\pm}0.27 mg/L)$. $5\%$ v/v cell extracts of Fusarium solani has shown moderate increase in the content of azadirachtin $(5.71{\pm}0.34\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(2.40{\pm}0.56\;mg/L)$. The addition of methyl jasmonate $(500\;{\mu}M/L)$ on day 3 has shown $\~4$ fold improvement in bioproduction of azadirachtln $(6.92{\pm}0.11\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(1.63{\pm}0.02\;mg/L)$. There was no significant effect of the studied growth retardants and permeabilizing agents on bioproduction of azadirachtin. Cells are cultivated in large volumes using the effective precursors.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1836-1840
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• 2009

참깨의 뿌리를 바이오촉매로 이용한 뿌리 배양을 통하여 HMF를 생산하기 위하여 뿌리의 생장과 HMF의 합성에 적합한 뿌리배양 조건을 탐색하였으며, 이를 위하여 NAA(naphthalene acetic acid), silver nitrate의 적정 농도조건 및 적정 배양온도 조건에 대한 실험이 수행되었다. 뿌리의 생장이 가장 높은 처리구는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 NAA의 농도가 1.0 mg/l로 첨가된 처리구에서 측정되었으며, 평균적으로 볼 때 두 배양 온도($25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$)간에는 뿌리의 생장차이는 측정되지 않았다. NAA가 첨가되지 않은 처리에서는 두 배양온도 모두에서 참깨의 뿌리생장이 전혀 생기지 않은 반면에, NAA가 첨가된 배양에서는 두 배양온도에서 뿌리의 생장이 확인되었다. 그리고 0.5 mg/l의 질산은이 첨가된 처리구에서 참깨의 뿌리생장이 가장 높게 측정되었으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 배양된 처리구 보다는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 배양된 뿌리의 생장이 약간 높게 나타났고, 질산은의 농도가 0.5 mg/l 이상의 높은 농도에서는 뿌리의 생장이 오히려 감소되는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 HMF의 합성의 경우 가장 높게 측정된 처리구는 배양온도 $25^{\circ}C$에서 NAA 0.5 mg/l이 첨가된 처리구에서 측정된 반면에 NAA 무처리구에서는 HMF 합성이 측정되지 않았다. 질산은이 첨가된 처리구에서는 HMF의 합성이 오히려 억제되는 경향을 보여준 반면에 질산은의 무처리구에서 HMF의 합성이 가장 높은 결과가 나타났다. 질산은의 농도가 0.5, 1.0 및 1,5 mg/l로 처리된 구에서는 질산은 무처리구에 비해서 약 8-10% 정도의 HMF 합성이 감소되는 경향이 나타났으며, 두 배양 온도($25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$ 배양) 간에도 HMF의 합성에는 차이가 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2009

The halophyte Leymus chinensis (Trin.) is a perennial rhizome grass (tribe Gramineae) that is widely distributed throughout China, Mongolia and Siberia. This study was conducted to investigate an optimal condition for plant regeneration from mature seeds, leaf base segments, and root segments in L. chinensis. Plant growth regulators affecting embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration were investigated by four-factor-three-level [L9 (34)] orthogonal test in this study. The effects of explants types (mature seeds, leaf base segments and root segments), callus types, medium types were examined in this study. Wild type (WT) and Jisheng No. 1 plants (JS) were used for primary callus induction. A clear explants difference was seen during callus induction; mature seeds were considered as the preferred explants; and the highest frequency of callus induction was obtained in Medium 6 using mature seeds as explants in WT. Plant regeneration ability was evaluated by frequencies of green callus forming, shooting, rooting, and shooting with roots. Effect of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on shoot regeneration was remarkable with the highest frequency of 70.8% in WT after 2-month culture. The medium with 0.2- 0.5 mg/L NAA was found to have the highest shoot induction. All regenerated shoots were successfully rooted when transferred on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The acclimatized plantlets were grown to mature with flowering and seeds setting in green house conditions.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2012

본 연구는 기내에서 발아된 까마중 유식물체의 조직별로 신초 및 뿌리 유도를 통해 효율적인 재분화 조건을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 신초 형성은 식물체 부위별로 서로 달랐으며, 잎에서의 신초 형성빈도가 자엽이나 하백축 그리고 상배축보다 높았다. 절편체당 신초의 수는 잎과 자엽에서 다소 많았으며, 신초의 길이도 다른 부위에 비해 잎과 자엽에서 빠른 증식과 신장을 나타내었다. 특히, 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP가 첨가된 배지에서 재분화율, 신초의 수와 길이가 증가하여 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP가 고빈도 신초의 유도 및 생장에 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. 뿌리분화는 IBA와 IAA가 NAA보다 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA가 첨가된 배지에서 뿌리 형성율이 90%이며, 뿌리의 갯수와 길이도 각각 평균 4.0개와 7.82 cm로 가장 양호하게 나타났다. 더욱이 배양토에 이식한 재분화체는 100%의 생존율을 보였으며 정상적인 식물체로 생장하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP 조건에서의 잎 절편에서 다발성 신초 유도, 그리고 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA 조건에서의 뿌리형성 유도가 까마중의 대량번식을 위한 최적의 조건임을 알 수 있었다.