• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The inhibition effects on the mutagenicity in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 were evaluated by Ames test and cancer cell inhibitory effects in Hep3B cell and HeLa cell were tested by MTT assay. Cornus officianalis had an important free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical. At a concentration of 500 ppm, the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of Cornus officianalis was similar to that of L-ascorbic acid. None of the extracts produced a mutagenic effect on S. Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis showed about 77% of inhibition at 500 ppm on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The extract from Cornus officianalis showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HeLa cells, with inhibition of 83 and 78% at a dose of $700{\mu}g$/plate, respectively. Moreover, the ethanol extracts had 34.33 mg H.E/g of polyphenols and 5.67 mg Q.E/g of flavonoids, respectively. Therefore, the present study showed antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4434-4442
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• 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive and potentially harmful to cells, causing oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In humans, the deleterious effects of ROS have been linked with aging, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. In order to investigate an antioxidant activity of wood vinegar by bioconversion, we preferentially analyzed the total acidity, acetic acid, pH, and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. Also, we evaluated the scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and nitric oxide radicals. The total acidity and amount of acetic acid of wood vinegar after bioconversion were lower than those of wood vinegar before bioconversion, but the pH was higher than that of wood vinegar before bioconversion. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of wood vinegar after bioconversion were 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. The $SC_{50}$ values were in order of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity < DPPH radical scavenging activity < hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity < nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Therefore, these results suggest that wood vinegar by bioconversion can be useful as primary antioxidants for medicines and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.313-317
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• 2013

The feasibility of incorporating mugwort powder as a value-added food ingredient in food products was investigated using yanggaeng as a model system. Mugwort powder was incorporated into yanggaeng at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% (w/w) levels by adding mugwort amounts based on the total weight of bean sediment. Lightness and yellowness significantly decreased but redness gradually increased. Hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and springiness increased with higher amounts of mugwort powder added in the formulation. Total polyphenol content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity were significantly influenced by the higher amounts of mugwort powder in the formulation. The highest level of incorporation (8%, w/w) had a considerable adverse effect on consumer acceptance in all attributes. Yanggaeng containing 2% mugwort powder is recommended for overall acceptance, as well as the functional properties of mugwort powder, without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.298-304
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• 2010

For the investigation of possibility as a useful functional material, different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. harvested at four growth stages were studied in the aspect of bleeding characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro activity. Weights (g/plant) of L. salicaria plant parts were high in order to stem > leaf > flower > root at the best growth time. Crude lipids (3.59~4.30%) and crude proteins (14.7~23.5%) of L. salicaria leaves were the highest among the other plant parts showed from 0.08~3.54%, and 4.0~21.9%, respectively. Free sugars (2.9~4.2%) and crude ash (11.9~14.8) of leaves also showed the highest value. Free radical scavenging activities of L. salicaria root on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed from $43.5\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ to $47.6\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as $IC_{50}$ which were followed by those of flower, leaf, and stem. Root of L. salicaria tested at $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ also showed the most efficient inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Cell viability of the plant parts tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay was high in order to flower, leaf, root, and stem. Total phenol content measured as tannic acid equivalent showed the highest value in flower. In conclusion, among the plant parts, especially leaf of L. salicaria, was rich in the chemical components, and showed efficient antioxidant/inhibitory activity on free radical and NO production, and was expected to be a functional material candidate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2012

Microbulbifer sp. was used to acquire the degrading products from Ecklonia cava (DPEC) and the products were investigated to determine the physiological activities. Firstly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay were about 84.1% and 89.6% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, nitrite scavenging ability was shown to be 56.3% at 0.5 mg/ml on pH 1.2. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 58.7% at 2.5 mg/ml. To determine the influence of DPEC on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. Facilitating rates of ADH and ALDH activities by DPEC were 123.3% and 215.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. For analyses of anti-wrinkling and whitening effects, its elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured and were about 73.1% and 42.2% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicated that DPEC has valuable biological attributes owing to its antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and alcohol metabolizing activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of green tea seed extract (GSE) against UVB-induced skin damage in human skin fibroblasts. GSE was first analyzed for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Treatment of UV-irradiated fibroblast with GSE at 10~50 ${\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. GSE treatment inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) expression and MMP-1 secretion caused by UVB irradiation. Moreover, treatment with GSE significantly increased type-1 collagen expression and production. We next examined levels of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, catalase, and GPx). Reduced antioxidative enzyme activities caused by UVB irradiation were recovered by treatment with GSE at 30 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. In conclusion, these results show that GSE has protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage in human skin fibroblasts by regulating antioxidative defense systems and MMP expression.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2017

The present study was performed to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of germinated buckwheat (GB) and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultured in GB (SGB). Both GB and SGB showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and significantly increased (p < 0.001) aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities; up to 140% increase at concentrations of $16{\mu}L/mL$. Locomotor activity test results from alcohol-SGB and alcohol-GB groups showed improved motor activities over that of the alcohol-water group at 90 min post-administration. Both alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) alcohol ($40.02{\pm}33.38{\mu}g/mL$, $66.01{\pm}22.04{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) and aldehyde ($5.72{\pm}0.47{\mu}g/mL$, $6.72{\pm}1.70{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) concentrations in blood compared to those in the alcohol-water group ($199.75{\pm}33.83{\mu}g/mL$, $50.43{\pm}13.88{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) at 90 min post-administration. Based on cDNA microarray analysis, expressions of ALDH genes ALDH1a7 and ALDH18a1 and cytochrome P450 (CY450) gene CYP4a30b were upregulated in the alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups compared to levels in the control group. Overall, the results suggest that both GB and SGB have hangover relieving effects by reducing blood acetaldehyde levels. The molecular mechanisms may involve ALDH activation and upregulated expression of alcohol metabolism-related genes such as ALDH and CYP450.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2016

Background: The biological activities of Tradescantia pallida grown in Korea have not been well determined, thus the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using it as a medicinal plant. Methods and Results: To investigate the antioxidant activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect and antimicrobial activity of T. pallida, we performed the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. This assay for T. pallida leaf extract showed the highest antioxidant activity for the ethyl acetate fraction ($RC_{50}=14.55{\pm}0.16{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and Abs = 0.613 at $300{\mu}g$). Further, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $14.1{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and showed antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration = $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction of the crude methanol extract of T. pallida showed remarkable antioxidant activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antimicrobial activity. These activities might be related to the flavonoid content in the T. pallida leaf extract.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.837-842
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop bathing aids as a strategic products to promote the medical tourism in Sancheong Jirisan Oriental medicinal herbs special district using medicinal herbs produced in Sancheong province, and to verify the effect of the bathing aids in vitro. We investigated the cytotoxicity activity, antioxidant activity, antiaging and whitening effects of Sanchung-PNU 1 (SP1) and Sanchung-PNU 2 (SP2) made with traditional medicinal herbs. The cytotoxicity activity was measured by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity assay. We measured the inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity to prove the whitening effect, and the inhibitory effect against elastase activity to prove the anti-aging effect. Two proposed prescriptions, SP1 and SP2, showed not significant cytotoxicity but significant (p<0.001) improvement in anti-oxidation, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects compared to the control group. The result shows that these bathing aids have excellent DPPH radical scavenging effect and significant inhibitory effect against elastase and tyrosinase activity. These findings suggest that these bathing aids have a strong antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 2021

The anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activities of hot-water (Ca-HW) and 70% ethanol (Ca-E70) whole-plant Calamagrostis arundinacea extracts, as well as their bioactive potentials, were investigated using cell-free and cell-mediated experimental systems. Use of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical decolorization assay to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Ca-HW and Ca-E70 extracts revealed DPPH radical scavenging activities of 27% and 48%, respectively. Neither extract caused significant cytotoxicity, and both showed cell proliferation and promotion effects using RAW 264.7, B16F10, and CCD986sk cells. B16F10 melanoma cells showed higher melanin synthesis when treated with 100 mg/ml Ca-HW or Ca-E70 than with arbutin, indicating a stronger inhibitory effect of arbutin on melanin synthesis. Ca-HW and Ca-E70 increased pro-collagen biosynthesis in the human fibroblast CCD986-SK cell line by 24.69% and 12.55%, respectively. Analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of different concentrations of Ca-HW and Ca-E70 in RAW264.7 cells revealed that Ca-E70 appeared to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine; therefore, Ca-E70 showed an anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggested that C. arundinacea extracts could have skin anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.