• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.524-532
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• 2016

This study was performed to compare the antioxidative activities of methanol extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis with whole root (W-AC), flesh (F-AC), and root bark (B-AC). To evaluate the antioxidative properties of their methanol extracts, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, nitrite, hydroxyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz thiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging activities, and contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were measured. B-AC extract showed the highest antioxidative activity, whereas F-AC extract showed the lowest. For B-AC extract, caffeic acid was isolated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and absorption spectroscopy, which showed 1.6% of total polyphenol contents among all methanol extracts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don extracts were investigated. And the moisturizing effect of cream containing R. brachycarpum D. Don extract were investigated by clinical trial. The ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (1.83 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent the free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % extract fraction (0.064 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of R. brachycarpum D. Don on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 10 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (70.5 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract (122.40 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on elastase were determined with ethyl acetate of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (43.50 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract (20.73 ${\mu}g/mL$). The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts was formulated for skin hydration effect and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The cream containing R. brachycarpum D. Don extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 180 min, the water contents in skin were increased by 1 ~ 4 % than the placebo cream. And TEWL of parts was decreased as 7.7 $g/m^2h$ (experimental cream) and 8.9 $g/m^2h$ (placebo cream) respectively. These results indicate that extract/fractions of R. brachycarpum D. Don can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the aglycone fraction could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for whitening and anti-wrinkle products. Also the increase of skin hydration of the cream containing extract could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antiaging.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.687-691
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the taste composition and biological activities of cheonggukjang containing Rubus coreanum to improve cheonggukjangs' flavor and consumption. In R. corenum cheonggukjang (RCC), the total content of soluble sugars, including glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose, was 1,052.1 mg/100 g. Glutamic acid, phenlylalanine, leucine, cystine, and tyrosine were the major amino acids, and the ratio of sweet to bitter components was higher in RCC than in general cheonggukjang (GC). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts, in decreasing order, were found to be: ethanol extract> water extract> chloroform extract, at all concentrations. The water extract had the highest SOD-like activity (10.2%) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the chloroform extract showed the highest SOD-like activity (19.1%) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0 or 6.0, and had a positive correlation with the extract concentration. The chloroform extract had the highest nitrite scavenging ability (84.6%) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL and pH 2.0.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Objectives : This study investigated the anti-oxidant activities and improving effect of Phellinus linteus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract (PGE) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical, Hydrogen peroxides scavenging activities and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were used for the measurement of anti-oxidant ability. Cytotoxicity of PGE in Raw 264.7 cell was evaluated by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effect of PGE, a total of 33 patients with atopic dermatitis were observed trans epidermal water loss, skin moisture content, modified SCORAD index of atopic dermatitis and pruritic degree after applying the PGE for 4 weeks. Results : PGE scavenged DPPH ($IC_{50}=25ppm$) effectively, ABTS and Hydrogenperoxides scavenged similar to BHA. As for the SOD-like activity, it had lower effect than ascorbic acid, but it comparable activities in 500ppm. There was no cytotoxicity at PGE at concentrations of 10,000ppm. In clinical research about PGE on patients with atopic dermatitis, skin condition was improved. After 4 weeks, the application of PGE increased skin moisture content from 19.43 to 31.22. Moreover, it reduced the skin temperature (from 32.5 to 31.9), skin pH (from 5.39 to 5.22), trans epidermal water loss (from 39.03 to 24.46) and pruritus score (from 6.07 to 3.87). In addition, the Modified SCORAD index decreased from 31.28 to 20.3. Conclusions : In conclusion, PGE possesses anti-oxidant and anti-atopic dermatitis activities, thus it could be potentially valuable as anti-atopic dermatitis material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2017

We investigated the antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extracts from Spirodela polyrhiza (SP) through in vitro assays. The total phenolic contents of SP water and ethanol extracts were 52.75-293.4 and 60.12-398.4 mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content of SP ethanol extract (38.25-159.4 mg/g) was higher than that of SP water extract (38.25-67.75 mg/g). The water and ethanol extracts from SP scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzothia-zoline sulfonate (ABTS) radical in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of $100-2,500{\mu}g/ml$. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the SP ethanol extract (2.87%-59.5%) was higher than that of the water extract (4.12%-81.52%). The $IC_{50}s$ of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 2,100 and $1,034{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of SP water and ethanol extracts were 8.30%-83.16% and 13.11%-8.34% respectively. The $IC_{50}s$ of the ABTS radical scavenging activity of SP water and ethanol extracts were 798.7 and $457.1{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The reducing power activities of SP water and ethanol extracts were 0.055-1.122 and 0.140-1.428, respectively ($500-4,000{\mu}g/ml$). The soybean lipoxygenase (SLO) radical scavenging activities of SP water and ethanol extracts were 157.7%-168.0% and 148.0%-169.4%, respectively. These results suggest that the water and ethanol extracts of SP may be useful as a potential antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2010

This research was performed to determine the antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and its inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), xanthine oxidase, $\alpha$-glucosidase, and elastase of hot water extract from pine bud (WPB). Antioxidant activity of WPB was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of WPB were remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 71.4 and 85.4% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. The xanthine oxidase and ACE inhibitory activities were about 70.9 and 51.9% at 2 mg/mL of WPB, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity of WPB was about 59.1, 53.8, and 39.5% on pH 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 at 2 mg/mL, respectively. The WPB also showed elastase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These results revealed that pine bud have strong antioxidant activity and positive effects on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase, ACE, and elastase.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2013

Ponciri fructus, the unripe fruits of Poncirus trifoliata, are widely used in oriental traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation, gastritis, emesis, digestive ulcers, allergy, and dysentery. To study the anti-wrinkle effects of Ponciri fructus extract (PFE) containing flavanone glycosides, PFE was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelia and its biological activities were investigated. In Ponciri fructus extracts fermented with G. lucidum (G-PFE), polyphenol content was $1,021.00{\pm}0.50{\mu}g/mL$ and flavonoid content was $589.41{\pm}0.21{\mu}g/mL$. G-PFE was found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radical by a dose dependent manner, respectively. G-PFE showed higher antioxidant activity than that of PFE. In addition, the photoprotective properties of G-PFE was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to UVA radiation. G-PFE inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and showed a dose dependent decrease in the expression level of MMP-1. G-PFE also increased collagen biosynthesis in HDF. These results demonstrate that G-PFE could be useful as a potential cosmetic ingredient for anti-wrinkle.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

The antioxidant ability of 80% ethanolic extract of nutmeg seed (NM80) was evaluated using in vitro assays and bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion matrices. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging, and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in vitro assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant ability of the extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL NM80 were 12.5, 20.9, 35.1, and 62.8%, respectively, while the ABTS cation radical scavenging activities were 2.7, 6.5, 30.5, and 29.8%, respectively, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect. The ORAC value was significantly higher at an NM80 concentration of 25 ㎍/mL than the positive control (p<0.05). The conjugated dienoic acid (CDA), ρ-anisidine, and tertiary butyl alcohol values in 90-min-heated corn oil containing 200 ppm of NM80 were significantly reduced by 3.26, 16.94, and 17.34%, respectively, compared to those for the sample without NM80 (p<0.05). However, the headspace oxygen content and CDA value in the O/W emulsion containing 200 ppm of NM80 at 60℃ had 6.29 and 82.85% lower values, respectively, than those for the sample without NM80 (p<0.05). The major volatile compounds of NM80 were allyl phenoxyacetate, eugenol acetate, and eugenol. NM80 could be an effective natural antioxidant in lipid-rich foods in bulk oil or O/W emulsion matrix.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.1 s.136
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• pp.92-97
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• 2004

Effect of AGI $({\alpha}-Glucosidase\;Inhibitor)-1120$, pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract and Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) - and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts on cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in malignant human keratinocytes (SCC-13) were evaluated to elucidate the possible correlation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of these natural products were examined in three different evaluation methods, i.e., lipid peroxidation value (POV) evaluation test, and 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging test. In a cell-based $NF-{\kappa}B$ monitoring assay systern, all samples revealed the downregulatory profiles on the cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. AGI -1120 (1, 2 mg) and Chaga mushroom extract (0.05, 0.1 mg) downregulated the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in a dose-dependent manner. Chaga mushroom mycelium extract (5 mg) significantly inhibited the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity (p<0.05). Although AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom mycelium extract exhibited no antioxidant activities evaluated in pay, Chaga mushroom extract showed antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of $0.05{\sim}1$ mg. While AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom extract possessed a relatively potential DPPH radical scavenging activity, the NO scavenging activity of Chaga mushroom extract $(SC_{50}:47\;{mu}g)$ was higher than the known antioxidant, vitamin C $(SC_{50}:77\;{mu}g)$. These results suggest that AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom- and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts may serve as an useful radical scavenging antioxidant agents with $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitory effect in human skin.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.104-115
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality of muffins prepared with various concentrations of mealworm. Samples of muffins were prepared with the addition of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% mealworm powder to the flour of basic formulation. The weight of muffins decreased as the concentration of the mealworm powder increased. The height indices of muffins containing mealworm powder were higher than that of the control. The volume index of the MW2(2%) muffin was the highest. The pH of muffins containing mealworm powder was higher than that of the control, although moisture content lower. Lightness and yellowness decreased with an increase in the mealworm powder concentration, but redness increased. No significant difference in hardness was found from increased powder concentration. The total polyphenol content and antioxidative activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of muffins significantly increased as the concentration of the mealworm powder increased. Muffins containing 1~8% mealworm powder had acceptable sensory properties, such as flavor, taste, and overall acceptability. The results of this study suggest that mealworm powder is a good ingredient for consumer acceptability and functionality of muffins.