• IE interfaces
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 1997

In this paper, we suggest the system analysis method that integrate IDEFO and IDEFIX. Based on the method, we propose the procedure which can be used to build CALS/EC system in manufacturing industry. Also, applying the procedure and method to electronic company, we construct the CALSEC prototype system. With the three types of view-point, process, information technology and standard, we proceed the implementation of CALS/EC in manufacturing industry. We divide the electronic company's process into five core process, 1)processes-product concept planning process. 2)product development process, 3)procurement process, 4)delivery/distribution process and 5)customer service process.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2006

Traditional statistical process control (SPC) applied to discrete part industry in the form of control charts can look for and eliminate assignable causes by process monitoring. On the other hand, engineering process control (EPC) applied to the process industry in the form of feedback control can maintain the process output on the target by continual adjustment of input variable. This study presents controlling and monitoring rules adopted by variable sampling interval (VSI) to change sampling intervals in a predetermined fashion on the predicted process levels under integrated EPC and SPC systems. Twelve rules classified by EPC schemes(MMSE, constrained PI, bounded or deadband adjustment policy) and type of sampling interval combined with EWMA chart of SPC are proposed under IMA (1,1) disturbance model and zero-order (responsive) dynamic system. Properties of twelve control rules under three patterns of process change (sudden shift, drift and random shift) are evaluated and discussed through simulation and control rules for integrated VSI EPC and SPC systems are recommended.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2015

We stuidied liauid crystal alignment treatment using solution process for making thin oxide layer in liquid crystal display. It is the one of very effient and popular process in making thin oxide layer in electronical industrial fields. Particularly, this process has highly potential value in liquid crystal display industrial fields because it cause automatically induced alignment process without tranditional alignment process in liquid crystal alignment process. We made several different kinds of mol density solutions using strontium oxide solution. And those solutions were treated for solidification layers using annealing process for 2 hours. And we stuided pretilt angle properties of these alignment layers of strontium oxide for clarifying the relationship of liquid crystal molecules and thin strontium oxide layer. And we also tested the existence of strontium oxide thin layer on substrate using XPS measurement. We expected the hig gain of electro-optical properties in liquid crystal display using strontium oxide thin layer because it has high K property material than the other metal-based oxide layers. In this results, we measured 1.447 to 1.613 thresholds volts as 0.1 mol to 0.4 mol density in 0.1 mol density steps. This is significant better characteristics than conventional liquid crystal display as higher than 1.85 thresholds volts. And it make possible to making next-generation liquid crystal display which present low-power consumption and wide gray scale in liquid crystal display.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.289-296
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• 2003

The ecological process-based approach provides a detailed assessment of belowground compartment as one of the major compartment of carbon balance. Carbon net balance (NEP: net ecosystem production) in forest ecosystems by ecological process-based approach is determined by the balance between net primary production (NPP) of vegetation and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of soil (NEP=NPP-HR). Respiration due to soil heterotrophs is the difference between total soil respiration (SR) and root respiration (RR) (HR=SR-RR, NEP=NPP-(SR-RR)). If NEP is positive, it is a sink of carbon. This study assessed the forest carbon balance by ecological process-based approach included belowground compartment intensively. The case study in the Takayama Station, cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest was reported. From the result, NEP was estimated approximately 1.2 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$ in 1996. Therefore, the study area as a whole was estimated to act as a sink of carbon. According to flux tower result, the net uptake rate of carbon was 1.1 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 1997

Suppose that { $X_{i}$ } is a stationary AR(1) process and { $Y_{j}$ } is an ARX process with { $X_{i}$ } as exogeneous variables. Let $Y_{j}$ $^{*}$ be the stochastic process which is the sum of $Y_{j}$ and a nonstochastic trend. In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the conditional probability that $Y_{{n+1}}$$^{*}$ is bigger than $X_{{n+1}}$, given $X_{1}$, $Y_{1}$$^{*}$,..., $X_{n}$ , $Y_{n}$ $^{*}$. As an estimator for the tolerance probability, an Mann-Whitney statistic based on least squares residuars is suggested. It is shown that the deviations between the estimator and true probability are stochatically bounded with $n^{{-1}$2}/ order. The result may be applied to the stress-strength reliability theory when the stress and strength variables violate the classical iid assumption.umption.n.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1992

The capacity of the drilling process in Multi-Layer PCB fabrication can be affected by various process parameters determining material flows in the unit operations. The ratio of mass-lamination to pin lamination and the number of stacks as the most critical paramaters, among them, were chosen on the basis of exhaustive field evaluation to study their effects on the capacity of the process. The best alternative condition for maximum capacity of the process was selected by simulation of process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2001

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean number of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolve in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. The highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were $0.7{\pm}1.8$ for EI and $0.7{\pm}1.7$ for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloroethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to elucidate the anatomic relationships between the uncinate process and surrounding neurovascular structures to prevent possible complications in anterior cervical surgery. Methods : Twenty-eight formalin-fixed cervical spines were removed from adult cadavers and were studied. The authors investigated the morphometric relationships between the uncinate process, vertebral artery and adjacent nerve roots. Results : The height of the uncinate process was 5.6-7.5 mm and the width was 5.8-8.0 mm. The angle between the posterior tip of the uncinate process and vertebral artery was $32.2-42.4^{\circ}$. The distance from the upper tip of the uncinate process to the vertebral body immediately above was 2.1-3.3 mm, and this distance was narrowest at the fifth cervical vertebrae. The distance from the posterior tip of the uncinate process to the nerve root was 1.3-2.0 mm. The distance from the uncinate process to the vertebral artery was measured at three different points of the uncinate process : upper-posterior tip, lateral wall and the most antero-medial point of the uncinate process, and the distances were 3.6-6.1 mm, 1.7-2.8 mm, and 4.2-5.7 mm, respectively. The distance from the uncinate process tip to the vertebral artery and the angle between the uncinate process tip and vertebral artery were significantly different between the right and left side. Conclusion : These data provide guidelines for anterior cervical surgery, and will aid in reducing neurovascular injury during anterior cervical surgery, especially in anterior microforaminotomy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.361-362
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• 2006

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1999

Optimal lyophilization process was developed for manufacturing the dried product of Lactobacillus acidophilus with high cell viability. Three major factors, freezing rate, specific surface area of samples, and stabilizer type and their synergy were shown to play a crucial role in the development of an effective lyophilization process. Finally we found an optimal combination among three process parameters mentioned above; an exceptionally high cell survival percentage of 90% was achieved using the 8.28 cm-1 specific surface area of samples, slow freezing rate, and a stabilizer composition of 4% skim milk +1% glycerol +0.1% calcium chloride.