• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2023

This research endeavors to explore the nuances in apparent resistivity readings in concrete specimens due to the proximity of embedded reinforcement. To systematically gauge this, concrete samples incorporating singular and paired rebars were meticulously crafted. These rebars were strategically positioned at intervals of 0.03m, 0.04m, and 0.05m from each specimen's midpoint. Subsequent resistivity assessments were conducted at 0.01m increments up to the predetermined rebar location for each sample. A consistent observation was the nadir in apparent resistivity manifesting at the rebar's epicenter. Notably, dual-rebar configurations registered lower resistivity values at this central juncture compared to their single-rebar counterparts. This metric underscores the palpable impact of surrounding reinforcement on resistivity readings. Further, as the spatial separation between rebars increased, the distinctness in their locational identification via resistivity became increasingly pronounced.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self concept and depression of middle-aged women. The Subjects were 102 middle-aged women whose age range were 40-59 years old living in urban area. The instruments used in this study were self concept scale developed by Rosenberg and the depression scale developed by Zung. Data were collected done from July 1 to July 31, 2001 by a structured questionnaire. The Data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOV A and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as followed : 1. Mean score of self concept was 2.35. 2. Mean score of depression scale was 2.43 3. The relationship between self concept and depression was statistically negative correlation(r=-0.3769, P〈0.001). 4. There were statistically significant differences in the score of middle-aged women's self concept to the age(F=3.41, P〈0.05), education(F=2.97, P〈0.05), Occupation(t=1.84, P〈0.05). 5. General characteristics variables were significantly related to the level of depression were the age(F=3.12, P〈0.05), numbers of children(t=3.59,P〈0.05). Obstetrical characteristics variables were significantly related to the level of depression were age of menarche(F=4.03, P〈0.05), times of abortion(t=10.09, P〈0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that self esteem was an important factor related to depression. I suggest that to decrease depression, it should be encouraged self esteem.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2006

The treatments of Tteokgalbi studied were: control (no antioxidants); (T1) ethanol extracts of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (5%); (T2) ascorbic acid (0.06%); (T3) ascorbic acid (0.03%) + ethanol extracts of B. polyfermenticus SCD (2.5%). The pH of T1, T2, and T3 samples was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control for up to 3 days of storage. Thereafter T1, T2 and T3 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) pH value than the control during storage. TBA values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in all treated samples relative to the control. The TBA value of the control rapidly increased after 6 days of storage, whereas the TBA values of the test samples did not sharply increase. T3 samples treated with vitamin C and Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD had a higher TBA value than T1 and T2 samples. The VBN values of T1, T2 and T3 sampleswere lower than that of the control (p>0.05). VBN values of the ground pork meat samples significantly increased (p<0.05) with storage time. The total microbial counts of each sample significantly increased with storage time (p<0.05). The $a^*$ values of T1 and T3 samples containing added vitamin C were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control and T2 samples during storage. The $b^*$ value of T2 samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of other ground pork meat products during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop an optimal composite recipe for nutritional cookies containing beet powder. Flour was substituted with whole wheat flour containing germinated brown rice powder. The sensory optimal composite recipe was determined by making cookies containing two levels of beet powder (A) or butter (B) according to Central Composite Design (CCD) and by conducting the sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis according to Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Using CCD, the results of physical measurement for ten conditions with two variables were obtained. The values of lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) were in the range of 36.65~49.03, 22.15~29.31, and 13.96~19.34, respectively. Lightness decreased significantly (P<0.001) and redness increased significantly (P<0.01) upon an increase in beet powder. The results of sensory evaluation showed very significant values in color (P<0.05), texture (P<0.05), flavor (P<0.01), taste (P<0.05), and overall quality (P<0.05), whereas those of the instrumental analysis showed significant values in lightness (P<0.001), redness (P<0.01), spread ratio (P<0.01), and hardness (P<0.05). As a result, the optimal sensory ratio of beet cookie was calculated for beet powder 7.75 g and butter 77.88 g.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2012

Assessing the exposure dose and the obtained image during the abdominal radiography with 128-slice MDCT scanner and 4-slice MDCT scanner which are recently being used in clinics using the body tissue-equivalent phantom and the glass dosimeter, the results were as follows. During the CT test for the abdomen, the absorbed dose was $35.8{\pm}0.46mGy$ in 4-MDCT, and $19.03{\pm}0.25mGy$ in 128-MDCT, which indicated that the radiation dose necessary to obtain the image meaningful to diagnosis was required less by 128-MDCT(P<0.05). As a result of analyzing the image obtained from the abdominal test using MDCT with a 5-point Likert scale, 4-MDCT showed the result of 3.52 points, and 128-MDCT showed the result of 4.01 points, that is, the image quality of 128-MDCT was evaluated high, and there was a statistically significant difference. In the results above, it is considered that 128 slice MDCT scanner will be much used later as it can reduce the radiation exposure, and make us obtain the high quality of image.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3105-3108
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• 2013

Background: This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III to study the relationship between blood lead concentration and all cause, all cancer and lung cancer mortality in adults. Patients and Methods: Public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data were used. NHANES III uses stratified, multistage probabilistic methods to sample nationally representative samples. Household adult, laboratory and mortality data were merged. Sample persons who were available to be examined in aMobile Examination Center (MEC) were included in this study. Specialized survey analysis software was used. Results: A total of 3,482 sample participants with complete information for all variables were included in this analysis. For all cause death, the odds ratios (S.E.) for statistically significant variables were body mass index, 1.03 (1.01-1.06); 1.01 (1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.05 (1.01-1.08); poverty income ratio, 0.823 (0.76-0.89); and drinking hard liquor, 1.01 (1.00-1.02). For all cancer mortality, the odds ratios (S.E.) of the statistically signigicant variables were: age, 1.01 (1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.07 (1.04-1.12), black race, using non-Hispanic white as reference, 1.69 (1.12-2.56); and smoking, 1.02 (1.01-1.04). For lung cancer mortality, the odds ratios (S.E.) of the statistically significant variables were: age, 1.01(1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.09 (1.05-1.13); Mexican Americans, using non-Hispanic white as refrence, 0.33 (0.129-0.850); other races, 1.80 (0.53-6.18); and smoking, 1.03 (1.02-1.05). Conclusion: Blood lead concentration correlated with all cause, all cancer, and lung cancer mortality in adults.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2366-2372
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• 2023

Are borate and silicate glasses suitable for working as shieling materials against fast neutrons? To correctly answer the above question, some silicate, and borate-based glasses were fabricated and irradiated with various doses of fast neutrons varied between 1.73 and 12.10 MGy. The color and hardness of the fabricated glasses were affected by the fast neutron fluence where the transparent glasses turned colored as well as the hardness of the fabricated glasses was decreased. The gamma-ray spectrometric analysis shows a high activity concentration produced in the barium borate glasses due to the formation of radioisotopes Ba-131 and Ba-133 reaches to 5.92E+05 Bq and 4.25E+03 Bq, respectively for sample Cd-5 Batch 3. Additionally, the gamma-ray spectrometric analysis for the sodium silicate glasses shows low activity concentrations emitted from isotopes formed due to the activation of Y₂O₃-associated impurities. These activities are low compared to that emitted by barium borate-based glasses.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out the effect that ${\kappa}-Carrageenan$ has on the properties of dog sperm when it was added to the cryoprotectant. Extender basically was contained 1.21 g Trizma base, 0.67 g citric acid, 0.4 g glucose, 0.03 g penicillin G, 0.05 g streptomycin sulfate. Extender1 was added with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5% carrageenan, while extender2 was supplemented with glycerol. After freezing-thawing, the motility, viability, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, and ROS (reactive oxygen specifications) of sperm were measured to analyze the effects of the supplementation of carrageenan. Total Motile (TM), Rapid Progressive Motile (RPM), Medium Progressive Motile (MPM), and Immotile were measured through the CASA system after thawing in 37 degree water. Extender with 0.2% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($64.26{\pm}0.49$) was significantly higher than control ($40.24{\pm}8.27$) (p < 0.05). RPMs of extender with 0.1%, 0.2% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($57.64{\pm}6.34$, $56.47{\pm}1.35$) were significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Acrosome integrity was measured by dyeing to PSA-FITC with an epifluorescence microscope. Normal acrosome ratio of extender with 0.5% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($61{\pm}8.03$) was higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Apoptosis was measured with a FACSCalibur flow cytometer using FITC (FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit). Treated groups of ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ of 0.1% ($0.81{\pm}0.05$), 0.2% ($0.85{\pm}0.05$) were significantly higer (p < 0.05) than control. Modified SYBR/PI staining was used for determination of viability and DCF staining was used for evaluation of ROS. Viability and ROS were not significantly different from other groups. In conclusion, adding a certain concentration of carrageenan to the extender of cryopreservation, carrageenan contributes to the improvement of the sperm motility, acrosome integrity and prevention of apoptosis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.280-288
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• 2009

This study is to design and produce a detailed model for volume variety of three dimensional reconstruction images and to evaluate the changes of volume, area and the length of the model in the process of the reconstruction of RTP system. CT simulation was operated at the thickness of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10mm and average, standard deviation of scan direction(X), thickness(Y), table movement direction(Z), area(A), and volume(V) of the three dimensional volume rendering, were measured according to the shape and thickness of the phantoms. As a result, at the thickness of 1.25, 2.5min, the phantom's shape decreased maximum 0.13cm(p<0.05) to the direction of X, Y, Z and length, area, volume decreased 0.1cm, $0.8cm^2$, $3.99cm^3$ which led to an approximate image of the phantoms. However, at the thickness of 5, 10mm, the phantom of the original form decreased maximum 0.58cm(p<0.05) and volume, area, length decreased maximum 0.45cm, $8.21cm^2$, $11.03cm^3$. Volume varieties according to the thickness and shape of the phantoms have occurred diversely, when CT simulation was operated, and it is considered that a clinically appropriate volume rendering can be obtained only when the thickness is below 3mm.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal chloride infiltration treatment on color and strength changes of the yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). Fifty disc specimens were prepared with a Y-TZP powder (ZPEX; Tosoh, Japan). Thirty different metal chloride solutions containing 0.03~0.08 wt% chromium and 0.03~0.07 wt% terbium ions were prepared. Presintered Y-TZP specimens were soaked in metal chloride coloring liquids for 3 minutes and sintered in air at $1,450^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The color of the specimens was measured with spectrophotometer and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) was obtained based on the CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ color coordinate values. To evaluate the effect of metal chloride infiltration strength changes, the biaxial flexural test was performed at crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min. Colors of the sintered Y-TZP showed the colors of Vita shade guide A1, A2 and A3 with the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions. Density of the sintered Y-TZP increased by the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions. Bi-axial flexural strength of the sintered Y-TZP did not show statistically significant differences by the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions (p>0.05). Chromium and terbium chloride did not affect the crystal phase of zirconia, and all specimens showed tetragonal phase. Accordingly, this study suggests that chromium and terbium chlorides can make colored zirconia while adding in a liquid form. The color of colored zirconia differ from that of vita shade guide but it can use all ceramic restoration as substructure in dental clinic.