• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1456-1461
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• 2007

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}-melanocyte$-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by methanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). In the present study, ${\alpha}-MSH$ and forskolin led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, RCM inhibited the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced melanin synthesis. In addition, RCM abolished the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were increased after incubation with α-MSH and forskolin. The treatment of RCM decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. Based on these findings, it is likely that RCM exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

To investigate the effect of protein kinase on melanin production via cAMP-dependent pathway, we measured the melanin amount and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP. MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP significantly increased both melanin production and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Melanin production and tyrosinase activity by MSH are significantly inhibited by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (KT5720) and protein kinase C down-regulation treated with PMA. Bisindolmaleimide (1$\mu$M), protein kinase C inhibitor, significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity stimulated by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP with the following order of potency: MSH＞forskolin＞8-Br-cAMP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein and DHC, significantly inhibited both, but the inhibitory effect was more potent in 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated B16 cells than MSH-stimulated cells. NFkB inhibitor (parthenolide) significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity. Neither melanin production nor tyrosinase activity induced by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP were affected by KN-62 (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), PD098059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, MAPKK) and worthmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor). These results suggest that both protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase are involved in melanin production by cyclic AMP-dependent pathway and NFkB pathway may play an important role in cyclic AMP-dependent melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1444-1448
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• 2008

본 논문은 라벤더 에탄올 추출물이 ${\alpha}$-MSH 유도 멜라닌 생성에 미치는 효과에 관한 것으로 라벤더 추출물이 미백효과에 미치는 연구를 중심으로 한다. 라벤더 에탄올 추출물은 복용 의존적으로 멜라닌 함량과 티로시나아제 활성을 억제했다. 라벤더 에탄올 추출물 처치는 ${\alpha}$-MSH로 촉진된 멜라닌 형성, 티로시나아제 활성, 수상돌기 성장을 효과적으로 억제했고, 라벤더 처치에 의해${\alpha}$-MSH로 유도된 티로시나아제의 mRNA 발현이 유의미하게 감소되었다. 본 연구를 통해 라벤더 추출물이 미백효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 따라서 라벤더가 색소과다침착증에 미백제로 사용될 가능성이 있다는 내용이다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1971

1. Ecdysterone의 숙화 촉진작용은 5령 성식기이후에 유효하다. 2. Ecdysterone은 누에의 숙화를 촉진하고 또 초숙잠과 종숙잠간의 시차폭을 축소시킨다. 3. Ecdysterone의 숙화 촉진작용은 Ecdysterone의 식하량과 비례한다. 4. Dodecyl alcohol 주제의 DAT는 등족작용을 촉진한다. 5. Ecdysterone과 Dodecyl alcohol의 병용은 숙화와 등족을 촉진하여 자연상족을 가능케 하며 상족기술 개량에 공헌할 줄 믿는다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2016

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare tumor that usually originates in the appendix, but a small number of cases originate in the ovary. Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary condition that increases the risk of cancer, particularly in the colon and endometrium. Mutations in the mismatch repair genes (MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2) increase the risk of LS. Reported PMP cases with hereditary gene mutations of unknown significance are also rare. Here, we investigated a PMP patient and her family members, who have an MSH2 variant of unknown significance. Physicians have an important role in counseling, management, and surveillance based on genetics and pathogenicity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3767-3771
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• 2015

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited predisposition to colorectal, endometrial (uterine) and other cancers. Although most cancers are not inherited, about 5 percent (%) of people who have colorectal or endometrial cancer have the Lynch syndrome. It involves the alteration of mismatch repair (MMR) genes; MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. In this study, we analyzed the expression of MMR proteins in colorectal cancer in a Malay cohort by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 patients were selected fulfilling one of the Bethesda criteria: colorectal cancer diagnosed in a patient aged less than 50 years old, having synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer or with a strong family history. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin embedded tumour tissue samples using four antibodies: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Results: Twelve out of 17 patients (70.6%) were noted to have a family history. A total of 41% (n=7) of the patients had abnormal immunohistochemical staining with one or more of the four antibodies. Loss of expression were noted in 13 tumour tissues with a negative staining score <4. Of 13 tumour tissues, four showed loss expression of MLH1. For PMS2, loss of expression were noted in five cases. Both MSH2 and MSH6 showed loss of expression in two tumour tissues respectively. Conclusions: Revised Bethesda criteria and immunohistochemical analysis constituted a convenient approach and is recommended to be a first-line screening for Lynch syndrome in Malay cohorts.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

Skin hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin disorders caused by abnormal melanogenesis. The mechanism and key factors at play are not fully understood. Previous reports have indicated that cystamine (CTM) inhibits melanin synthesis, though its molecular mechanism in melanogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CTM on melanin production using ELISA reader and the expression of proteins involved in melanogenesis by Western blotting, and examined the involvement of transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2) in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells by gene silencing. In the results, CTM dose-dependently suppressed melanin production and dendrite extension in a-MSH-induced melanogenesis of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. CTM also suppressed a-MSH-induced chemotactic migration as well as the expressions of melanogenesis factors TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Meanwhile, gene silencing of Tgase-2 suppressed dendrite extension and the expressions of TRP-1 and TRP-2 in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Overall, these findings suggested that CTM suppresses a-MSH-induced melanogenesis via Tgase-2 inhibition and that therefore, Tgase-2 might be a new target in hyperpigmentation disorder therapy.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

Increasing the efficiency of HR (homologous recombination) is important for a successful knock-in. Rad51 is mainly involved in homologous recombination and is associated with strand invasion. The HR-related mismatch repair system maintains HR fidelity by heteroduplex rejection and repair. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to control Rad51, which plays a critical role in HR, through UV-induced DNA damage. It is also to confirm the effect on the expression of MMR related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2) and HR-related genes closely related to HR through treatment with the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂. The mRNA expression of Rad51 gene was confirmed in both HC11 cells and mouse testes, but the mRNA expression of Dmc1 gene was confirmed only in mouse testes. The protein expression of Rad51 and Dmc1 gene increased in UV-irradiated HC11 cells. After 72 hours of treatment with 1 ㎛ of CdCl₂, the mRNA expression level of Msh3, Pms2, and Rad51 decreased, but the mRNA expression level of Msh6 and Mlh1 increased in HC11 cells. There was no significant difference in Msh2 mRNA expression between CdCl₂ untreated-group and the 72 hours treated group. In conclusion, HR-related gene (Rad51) was increased by UV-induced DNA damage. Treatment of the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂ in HC11 cells decreased the mRNA expression of Rad51.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2022

In this study, derivatives of trimethoxybenzene were investigated as inhibitors of melanogenesis. We examined the effects of methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (MTB), ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (ETB), methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC), and ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (ETC). First, the inhibitory effects of these agents on melanin production were evaluated using α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. We found that all derivatives decreased α-MSH-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells; ETC showed a strong inhibitory effect at half of the concentration of the other derivatives. As tyrosinase is considered a key enzyme of melanogenesis, we also examined whether the derivatives inhibited tyrosinase activity. MTC and ETC reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity and expression levels of α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase protein. Inhibitory effects of all derivatives on α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase activity were shown in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the derivatives were exposed to diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical to examine their antioxidant characteristics. All derivatives showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was 2-fold higher than that of arbutin. In conclusion, the trimethoxybenzene derivatives, including MTB, ETB, MTC, and ETC exerted anti-melanogenic and antioxidant effects on α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis, demonstrating their potential for use as novel hypopigmenting agents and antioxidants.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 국내에서 자생하고 있는 Trapa natans var. bispinosa 열매인 마름(water chestnut)의 anti-pigmentation 효능을 확인하였다. 마우스 유래 melanocytes인 B16F10세포에 마름 70% 에탄올 추출물을 처리하여 멜라닌의 생성량을 확인한 결과 200 ㎍/mL 추출물을 처리시 100 ng/mL α-MSH를 처리한 대조군 (100%) 대비 43.26%로 멜라닌생성억제를 확인하였다. 또한 멜라닌합성에 주요한 단백질인 tyrosinase의 활성 및 발현을 100 ng/mL α-MSH를 처리한 대조군(100%) 대비 tyrosinase의 활성은 23.65%, tyrosinase의 발현은 62.35%로 억제됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 마름 70% 에탄올 추출물은 α-MSH에 의한 melanin 생성을 방지하여 미백 기능성 소재로써 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.