• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2010

Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring member of the iosothiocyanate family, which reveals chemopreventive capacities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and inhibition of MMP-9 activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Sulforaphane strikingly suppressed the LPS-induced MMP-9 activity and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sulforaphane inhibited not only the LPS-induced MMP-9 promoter activity but also LPS-mediated activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-${\kappa}B$) promoter activity. Transient transfection by MMP-9 constructs, in which specific transcriptional factors were mutagenized, indicated that the effects of LPS and sulforaphane were mediated via AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ response elements. We found that sulforaphane had the ability to suppress LPS-induced invasion in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrated that sulforaphane effectively suppressed LPS-induced MMP-9 expression via modulation of promoter elements (AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$) in MMP-9 transcriptional activation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.443-448
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• 1975

A series of 9,10-dialkyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene has been dehydrogenated by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in good yields. The yield decreased with the larger alkyl groups in this 9,10-dialkyl-9,10-DHA series(DHA=dihydroanthracene). It is conceivable that trans-9,10-diisopropyl-9,10-DHA was dehydrogenated more rapidly than the cis-isomer, and, bassed on this observation, a concerted mechanism was ruled out and an ionic mechanism is proposed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.424-429
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• 1998

Cloud-point data at $230^{\circ}C$ and 1,800 bar are presented for two poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)(PEVA) copolymers[9.9mol% and 17.8mol% vinyl alcohol(VA)] in ethylene, propane, propylene, n-butane, 1-butene, dimethyl ether(DME), and chlorodifluromethane(CDFM). The static type experimental apparatus with a view cell has been used for the experiment at the high pressure and temperature. The pressure-temperature (P-T) loops of PEVA(9.9mol% VA) copolymer-DME mixtures are presented at copolymer concentrations of 1.4wt% to 20.0wt%. Also, we presented the phase behavior of PEVA(17.8mol% VA) copolymer-DME system at copolymer concentration of 1.9wt% to 6.8wt%. The cloud-point curves for the PEVA copolymers in dimethyl ether showed single phase above 480 bar as a result of the hydrogen bonding between the vinyl alcohol unit and dimethyl ether. The pressure-concentration(P-x) isotherm loops of PEVA(9.9mol% and 17.8mol% VA)-DME system are obtained. The cloud-point curves for PEVA(9.9mol% and 17.8 mol% VA) copolymers andthe ethylene, propane, propylene, n-butane, 1-butene, and CDFM all show negative slopes of phase behavior and are located at pressures below 1,800 bar. For PEVA copolymer-DME system(9.9mol% VA), cloud-point curves show positive slopes that decrease in pressures with decrease in temperature in the temperature range of $80^{\circ}C$ to $160^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.2809-2812
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• 2014

The 43-residue defensin-like peptide coprisin, which is isolated from dung bettle, Copris tripartitus, is a potent antimicrobial peptide. In our previous work, we determined the tertiary structure of coprisin and found that alpha helical region of coprisin from residue 19 to residue 30 is important for its antimicrobial activities. Here, we designed cop12mer and cop9mer analogs of coprisin based on the tertiary structure of coprisin. To investigate the relationship between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial activities and develop the potent peptide antibiotics, we designed cop9mer-1 with substitution of $His^2$ with Trp in cop9mer. The results showed that cop9mer-1 has higher toxicities as well as improved antimicrobial activities compared to cop9mer. In order to reduce the toxicity of cop9mer-1, we designed cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys or Ser. Substitution of $Cys^3$ with these hydrophilic amino acids results in lower cytotoxicities compared to cop9mer-1. Cop9mer-2 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys in Cop9mer-1 showed high antibacterial activities against drug resistant bacteria without cytotoxicity. Antibiotic action of cop9mer-1 analog appears to involve permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane while cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 may have different mechanism of action. These results imply that that optimum balance in hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in these 9-meric peptides plays key roles in their antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicities.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2002

Within the security architecture of the 3GPP system there is a standardised integrity algorithm f9. The integrity algorithm f9 computes a MAC to authenticate the data integrity and data origin of signalling data over a radio access link of W-CDMA IMT-2000. f9 is a variant of the standard CBC MAC based on the block cipher KASUMI. In this paper we provide the provable security of f9 We prove that f9 is secure by giving concrete bound on an adversary's inability to forge in terms of her inability to distinguish the underlying block cipher from a pseudorandom permutation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1441-1446
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• 2008

Seoul Metro Line 9 (SML9) is the first subway line that private capital invests in Korea. SML9 will cross Seoul, linking the Gimpo Airport to the Gangnam district (25.5km) opening in the first half of 2009. SML9 has a new model in Korea constructed by metropolitan government and private company and operated by specialized public transportation service provider. SML9 is confronted with tough environment of stagnated public transportation and strong competitor, Olympic city expressway. And SML9 is under pressure for showing high efficiency as non-governmental organization from both customers and government. Consequently SML9 must lead the maximum efficiency by using its material and human resource. It is necessary that SML9 raise a competitive power and display its ability in active collaboration with relative organization and company. Hereupon, I propose renovation plans from viewpoint of operation field of SML9, (1) efficient train scheduling regime focusing on the combination of express and local train (2) close connection of other mean of transportation and (3) effective connection convention with Airport Railroad (AREX) as the line connected directly.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 1991

Compounds of the structure of -4,9-dione are known to have an antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. New kinds of 2-amino-$\alpha$-cyano-$\alpha$-ethoxycarbonyl-niethyl)-1,4-naphthoquino ne was reacted with some alkylamines(methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolarnine, isopropylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine) to yield 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-N-alkyl-4,9-diones.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2013

Withaferin A is an active component of Withania somnifera, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune modulatory effects. However, the effects of withaferin A on metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the ability of withaferin A to inhibit MMP-9 expression and activity in PMA-treated human cervical carcinoma Caski cells. Withaferin A markedly inhibited the PMA-induced MMP-9 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Withaferin A decreased not only PMA-induced MMP-9 promoter activity but also PMA-mediated MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in Caski cells. NF-${\kappa}B$ promoter activity, which is important in MMP-9 expression, was also decreased in combined treatment with withaferin A and PMA. Furthermore, withaferin A markedly suppressed the ability of PMA-mediated migration in Caski cells. Our findings suggest that withaferin A might inhibit PMA-induced migration through the down-regulation of MMP-9 expression and activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.214-232
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• 2001

CTA ester bonds in TG molecules were not attacked by pancreatic lipase and lipases produced by microbes such as Candida cylindracea, Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotricum candidium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizophus delemar, R. arrhizus and Mucor miehei. An aliquot of total TG of all the seed oils and each TG fraction of the oils collected from HPLC runs were deuterated prior to partial hydrolysis with Grignard reagent, because CTA molecule was destroyed with treatment of Grignard reagent. Deuterated TG (dTG) was hydrolyzed partially to a mixture of deuterated diacylglycerols (dDG), which were subsequently reacted with (S)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate to derivatize into dDG-NEUs. Purified dDG-NEUs were resolved into 1, 3-, 1, 2- and 2, 3-dDG-NEU on silica columns in tandem of HPLC using a solvent of 0.4% propan-1-o1 (containing 2% water)-hexane. An aliquot of each dDG-NEU fraction was hydrolyzed and (fatty acid-PFB ester). These derivatives showed a diagnostic carboxylate ion, $(M-1)^{-}$, as parent peak and a minor peak at m/z 196 $(PFB-CH_{3})^{-}$ on NICI mass spectra. In the mass spectra of the fatty acid-PFB esters of dTGs derived from the seed oils of T. kilirowii and M. charantia, peaks at m/z 285, 287, 289 and 317 were observed, which corresponded to $(M-1)^{-}$ of deuterized oleic acid ($d_{2}-C_{18:0}$), linoleic acid ($d_{4}-C_{18:0}$), punicic acid ($d_{6}-C_{18:0}$) and eicosamonoenoic acid ($d_{2}-C_{20:0}$), respectively. Fatty acid compositions of deuterized total TG of each oil measured by relative intensities of $(M-1)^-$ ion peaks were similar with those of intact TG of the oils by GLC. The composition of fatty acid-PFB esters of total dTG derived from the seed oils of T. kilirowii are as follows; $C_{16:0}$, 4.6 mole % (4.8 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$, 3.0 mole % (3.1 mole %), $d_{2}C_{18:0}$, 11.9 mole % (12.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ and $C_{18:1{\omega}7}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$, 39.3 mole % (38.9 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ and its isomer), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$, 41.1 mole % (40.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$ and $C_{18:3\;9t,11t,13c}$), $d_{2}-C_{20:0}$, 0.1 mole % (0.2 mole % of $C_{20:1{\omega}9}$). In total dTG derived from the seed oils of M. charantia, the fatty acid components are $C_{16:0}$, 1.5 mole % (1.8 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$, 12.0 mole % (12.3 mole %), $d_{2}-C_{18:0}$, 16.9 mole % (17.4 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$, 11.0 mole % (10.6 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$, 58.6 mole % (57.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$). In the case of Aleurites fordii, $C_{16:0}$; 2.2 mole % (2.4 mole %, intact TG by GLC), $C_{18:0}$; 1.7 mole % (1.7 mole %), $d_{2}-C_{18:0}$; 5.5 mole % (5.4 mole %, sum of $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$), $d_{4}-C_{18:0}$ ; 8.3 mole % (8.5 mole %, sum of $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$), $d_{6}-C_{18:0}$; 82.0 mole % (81.2 mole %, sum of $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $C_{18:3 9c,11t,13c})$. In the stereospecific analysis of fatty acid distribution in the TG species of the seed oils of T. kilirowii, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$ and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ were mainly located at sn-2 and sn-3 position, while saturated acids were usually present at sn-1 position. And the major molecular species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ were predominantly composed of the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, and $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, respectively, and the minor TG species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})_{2}(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ and $ (C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ mainly comprised the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$ and $sn-1-C_{16:0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c}$. The TG of the seed oils of Momordica charantia showed that most of CTA, $C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13r}$, occurred at sn-3 position, and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ was concentrated at sn-1 and sn-2 compared to sn-3. Main TG species of $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ were consisted of the stereoisomer of $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{18:0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, respectively, and minor TG species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})_{2}$ and $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13c})$ contained mostly $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$. The TG fraction of the seed oils of Aleurites fordii was mostly occupied with simple TG species of $(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{3}$, along with minor species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$. The sterospecific species of $sn-1-C_{18:2{\omega}6}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-1-C_{18:1{\omega}9}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ and $sn-1-C_{16;0}$, $sn-2-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$, $sn-3-C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t}$ are the main stereoisomers for the species of $(C_{18:2{\omega}6})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_2$, $(C_{18:1{\omega}9})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})_{2}$ and $(C_{16:0})(C_{18:3\;9c,11t,13t})$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 1993

Antioxidative effectiveness and oxidized products in mixture of methyl linoleate(ML) and phenolic compounds were investigated under oxygen blowing at $37^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxy cinnamate ; CML) and phloroglucinol(1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene ; PML) showed higher antioxidative effectiveness for methyl linoleate than 0.05% ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (TML). Oxidized products in ML group were methyl 8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9,13-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer, 9,13-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer, and 9-TMSO-12,13-epoxy-10-octadecenoate. In CML group the oxidized products were methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer and 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer, but 13-hydroxy isomer was not identified. It was shown that CML were oxidized more slowly than ML group and at 6th day of oxidation, caffeic quinone was found to be major oxidized product of caffeic acid. Oxidixed Products in PML group were methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer, and 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer but phloroglucinol was not oxidized even at the 9th day of reaction.