• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2004

The control activity of isoprothiolane and tricyclazole mixed with carbosulfan, and probenazole by the nursery treatment was performed against rice leaf and neck blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea. In the paddy field, three fungicides showed good activities against leaf blast 3 months after nursery treatment. Especially the activity of tricyclazole against leaf blast gradually increased by the laps of time to 85.5％, which was assessed at 6 September,2003. Although the control value of isoprotholane and tricyclazole mixed with carbosulfan against neck blast was 47.5％ and 61.1％, respectively, probenazole showed a very high activity against not only leaf blast but also neck blast, of which that was 91.2％. No phytotoxicity was observed in all the treatments after transplanting rice seedling in the paddy field. Based on these results, three systemic fungicides tested in this study showed such a good potential that they might be used to formulate the nursery treating granule.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-244
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• 2007

Two well known mis-localization effects, flash-lag effect (FLE) and the Pulfrich effect, have similar phenomena and theoretical explanations. In order to directly compare two phenomena, thereby examining the possibility that two phenomena have a common mechanism, the magnitudes of two effects were measured under the same experimental settings and stimuli. The Pulfrich depth was measured from each of four different brightness ratios of two moving stimuli, each of which was projected to each eye. The magnitude of FLE was measured from each of five different brightness levels, which were the same levels used in the Pulfrich experiment. The Pulfrich depth was increased with the increase of brightness ratio, whereas similar pattern was not found in the magnitude of FLE. Furthermore, actual Pulfrich depths were greatly different from those predicted from the difference of two FLEs. These results suggest that two phenomena may not have a common mechanism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.880-885
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities of the Momordica charantia L. (MC) on several microorganisms and human cancer cell lines. In the paper disk test, its antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration. Among the various solvent fractions of Momordica charantia L., the ethylether partition layer (MCMEE) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Also, the ethylacetate partition layer (MCMEA) and the butanol partition layer (MCMB) showed antimicrobial activity. We also determined the cytotoxicity and chemopreventive effect of Momordica charantia L. extract and fractions on human cancer cells. The experiment was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity of Momordica charantia L. partition layers on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among the various partition layers of Momordica charantia L., MCMEE and MCMEA showed strong cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. The chemopreventive effect of the quinone reductase induced activities of HepG2 cell, the hexane partition layer (MCMH) at a dose of 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL was 3.62 times more effective compared with the control values of 1.0. Therefore, based on these studies, Momordica charantia L. may be developed into a potentially useful cancer chemopreventive agent.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender-stereotype using primed naming task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce person's names which differed in typicality and preference of gender's attributes. The results showed that gender congruent effects was not found, but typicality effects and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce gender's attributes which differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that woman's attributes superiority effects were found, but typicality effects were not. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender stereotype and asymmetrical processing of gender stereotype to priming conditions in the implicit level.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

This study performed acid fermentation pre-treatment to improve production efficiency of methane that is produced as a product in case of anaerobic fermentation by using food waste leachate, and attempted to confirm the acid fermentation optimum through the BMP test by using pre-treated food waste leachate to increase the yield of methane. As a result of the BMP experiment by using acid fermented food waste leachate, the highest yield of methane of 0.220 L/g VS was confirmed in the HRT three-day condition, and in the initial BMP test by pH, pH 6 was 19,920 mg/L that the highest VFA and acetic acid/TVFA(76.2%) were shown. At this time, it was confirmed that the yield of methane was mostly within 10 days that was reduced to around one-third compared to the general methane fermentation (within 30 days). As the yield of methane was 0.294 L/g VS, it showed a high efficiency of around 1.3 times compared to the control group.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects of Elsholtzia ciliata extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. Elsholtzia ciliata extracts (30, 70 and 100% methanol extract) exhibited a significant tree radical scavenging effect (up to 80% over 0.025% concentration of 30 and 70% methanol extract, over 0.01% concentration of 100% methanol extract) against DPPH radical generation and showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 80% over 0.1% concentration) on melanin synthesis in B-16 Melanoma cells. We separated 4 fractions from Elsholtzia ciliata extract (70% methanol extract) by MPLC. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fractions showed anti-oxidation (DPPH radical scavenging activity and suppressive effect on Mn-SOD), whitening(inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis) and anti-inflammatory (suppressive effects on $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2, and total NO synthesis) effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.249-255
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• 2006

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects of Ardisia crenata for use as the cosmeceuticals. Ardisia crenata extract (70% MeOH) showed a significant free-radical scavenging effect (up to 90% over at the concentration of 0.01 %) against DPPH radical generation and showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 50% over at the concentration of 0.05 %) on melanin synthesis in B16 meanoma cells. We separated 5 fractions from Ardisia crenata extract (70% MeOH) by MPLC. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th fractions showed the anti-oxidation (DPPH radical scavenging activity and supressive effect on Mn-SOD), whitening (inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis) and anti-inflammatory (supressive effects on $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2 and total NO synthesis) effects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1993

This experiment was focused on determining the potential of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as fungicide against seed-borne fungi. Effects of NaOCl to control seed-borne fungi were compared to the those of Benlate T in several crop seeds. 1. The effect of NaOCl on disinfection of sesame seeds without imparing germination was highest in the range of 1-2% solution for 10 min. Also, a 30 min immersion of rice seed in 1-2% solution reduced incedence of seed-borne fungi. 2. Alternaria spp. in seeds of radish and chinese cabbage and Colletoricum spp. in pepper were significantly reduced by a 10 min immersion of seeds in 1% NaOCl. 3. The effective control range of NaOCl for seed-borne fungi was much wider than that of Benlate T in sesame seeds. No clear difference between chemicals was found in rice seeds. However, germination of seeds were impaired at 1-2% NaOCl immersion for more than 1 hour.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2002

Antioxidative activities of solvent fractions obtained from Korean Rhus vernicifera, being used in food industry and as a traditional medicine, were examined by the methods of DPPH scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on autooxidation of linoleic acid, nitrite scavenging activity and the inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potent antioxidative activities. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by rotatory locular counter current chromatography (RLCCC), Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. The isolated compounds were 1,2,3-trihydroxybezene, methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid determined by GC/MS and, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR. Among the isolated compounds, methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate showed the strongest antioxidative activity than artificial antioxidants, BHA and BHT in various methods. However, these isolated compounds did not show cytotoxicity effects on the human cancer cell lines. Therefore, we may suggest that methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate can be used as a food additive possessing the potent antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.149-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of articulation and sponsorship according to the native fit level. Especially this study is focused on the moderating effect of articulation type and thinking style. The results of this study are as follows. 1) An articulation effect appears more in the low native fit than the high one. 2), 3) The moderating effect appears in articulation type, but partially in thinking style. Namely, the difference in the articulation effect appears between commercial and non commercial articulation, but it does partially between holistic thinkers and analytic thinkers. 3) The higher articulation effect is, the more sponsorship effect(attitude toward sponsor and sponsor brand) is. The results of this study contribute theoretical and managerial implications about articulation and its effect as an effective means in marketing communications.