• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2022

In this study, Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) was fractionated into ethyl acetate to identify α-cyperone, a representative indicator, and its ethyl acetate fraction were evaluated to confirm the possibilityas a functional cosmetic ingredient. As a result of HPLC analysis, it was confirmed that the content of α-cyperone was 5.243%. In order to verify the inflammatory relief effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from C. rotundus (EAFC) and α-cyperone, it was confirmed that nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory ability in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced an inflammatory reaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real-time qPCR analysis confirmed inhibition of mRNA expression level of inflammatory factors, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS. As a results of conducting a clinical study using a simple cosmetic formulation containing EAFC, it was confirmed that the skin irritation stimulated by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was calming and relieving itching. Through these results, it is believed that the C. rotundus can be used as a natural cosmetic ingredient that has the effect of inhibiting inflammation and relieving itching.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.71-76
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• 2013

Objectives : The biological activities and compound contents of herbal medicine vary depending on manufacturing processes. In this study, we compared anti-inflammatory effects and compound contents of three kinds of multi-herbal extract HT008 produced by different manufacturing processes in order to determine chemical and biological equivalence. Methods : HT008 was produced by three different manufacturing methods: 1. Freeze dried extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Scutellaria baicalensis and Angelica sinensis (HT008 FD), 2. Spray dried extract of E. senticosus and S. baicalensis combined with reflux extract of A. sinensis (HT008 SD), 3. Spray dried extract of E. senticosus and S. baicalensis combined with supercritial fluid extract of A. sinensis (HT008 SF). Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using acetic acid induced pain model and ${\lambda}$-carageenan induced paw edema model. Compound contents were evaluated by HPLC quantitative analysis of standard compounds of HT008, eleutheroside E, baicalin, z-ligustilide. Results : HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF significantly decreased acetic acid induced pain index and ${\lambda}$-carrageenan induced paw edema volume compared with that of control group. There was no significant difference in efficacy among the HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF. Standard compound contents of HT008 FD, HT008 SD and HT008 SF were quantified within the range of Korean pharmacopoeia or other research. Conclusions : Three different manufacturing methods of multi-herbal extracts have been developed without noticeable difference in the efficacy or compound contents. The results might be used to establish manufacturing process and industrialization of herbal extracts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase worldwide, and blood glucose control may reduce mortality from diabetic complications and healthcare costs. Mulberry twig (MT) has been used as a herbal medicine in Asia, and its antidiabetic efficacy has recently been reported, but research in this area is still limited. This study examined the antidiabetic effects of water extracts of MT in diabetic animals. Methods: Six weeks old male ICR mice were divided randomly into three groups; normal control (NC, n = 10), DM control (DC, n = 10), and MT (n = 10). Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally into mice in the DC and MT groups for 5 consecutive days. After 10 days of the last STZ injection, the mice in the MT group were administered orally with MT water extracts (5 g/kg body weight) for 16 days. Results: The MT water extracts ameliorated the swelling of the liver in the diabetic mice and reduced the elevated levels of fasting blood and plasma glucose, total cholesterol (T-CHO), low density lipoprotein-CHO, and the ratio of high density lipotrotein (HDL)-CHO/T-CHO. The liver triglyceride (TG) and glycogen contents were also significantly lower in the MT group mice than in the DC group. The small intestine disaccharidase activity was analyzed to understand the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of MT water extracts in diabetic animals. MT group mice showed reduced lactase and sucrase activity in the proximal part of the small intestine. On the other hand, body weight, plasma insulin, TG, HDL-CHO, and hepatic T-CHO levels were similar in the DC and MT groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that MT water extracts have antidiabetic effects and can be developed as a functional source to reduce the postprandial blood glucose or to prevent DM incidence.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was intended to reveal the chemical profiles of aerial(leaf, stem) and underground(rhizome, radix) parts of wild ginseng, and to investigate their anti-aging effects on human skin cells. Methods : Wild ginseng, estimated for over 20 years, was divided into the aerial and underground parts. Total phenolic contents of each extracts were measured using a Folin-ciocalteu method. The contents of 18 amino acids, 8 minerals and 27 ginsenosides were determined by GC-FID, ICP-MS and LC-MS, respectively. The anti-aging effects, including the radical scavenging activity, the activation of mitochondrial function on human fibroblasts, and the proliferation activity on human keratinocyte progenitor cells, for the whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng were evaluated. Results : The total phenolic acids, amino acids, and minerals in the aerial part were more than twice as high as in the underground part. Compared to the cultivated ginseng root, there were various types of ginsenosides in both parts of wild ginseng, and the total amount was more than twice as high. In particular, the aerial part significantly contained ginsenoside F1, F2, C-Mc1, and C-O, and the distinctive patterns that distinguish each parts of wild ginseng from the cultivated ginseng root were derived. The whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng exhibited significant antioxidant effect(14.3-45.6%), activation of mitochondrial membrane potential(105.5-120.1%), and cell proliferation(112.1-125.4%). Conclusions : The entire plant and underground part of wild ginseng are high value-added plants and have beneficial effects on skin anti-aging properties through its abundant metabolites.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of flower extract of peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by hydrolysis and to use it as a valuable cosmetic ingredients. Four cultivar of peony flowers were extracted, and the highest active ingredient contents was selected, and that cultivar was used for hydrolyzing. The results showed that high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) hydrolyzed, and biological hydrolysis using enzymes had no activity. The deglycosylation of peonidin 3,5-diglucoside occurred by hydrolysis. The hydrolysate contains 63.3 ppm of peonidin, a red-colored anthocyanin compound. The antioxidant activity of hydrolysate was compared with extract. The results showed the strong antioxidant activity in hydrolysate (96%) than extract (82%). In addition, hydrolysate of peony flower showed higher inhibitory activity of NO release than extract. UVA assay using fibroblast cell (CCD-986Sk) showed that hydrolysate increased cell viability than extract under UVA exposure. Based on these results, we anticipate that hydrolysate of peony flower can be used a valuable cosmetic ingredient.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2023

Objectives: Network pharmacology is a method of constructing and analyzing a drug-compound-target network to predict potential efficacy and mechanisms related to drug targets. In that large-scale analysis can be performed in a short time, it is considered a suitable tool to explore the function and role of herbal medicine. Thus, we investigated the potential functions and pathways of Chongmyunggongjin-dan (CMGJD) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) via network pharmacology analysis. Methods: Using public databases and PubChem database, compounds of CMGJD and their target genes were collected. The putative target genes of CMGJD and known target genes of AD were compared and found the correlation. Then, the network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. and functional enrichment analysis was conducted based on the Gene Ontology (GO) Biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways to predict the mechanisms. Results: The result showed that total 104 compounds and 1157 related genes were gathered from CMGJD. The network consisted of 1157nodes and 10034 edges. 859 genes were interacted with AD gene set, suggesting that the effects of CMGJD are closely related to AD. Target genes of CMGJD are considerably associated with various pathways including 'Positive regulation of chemokine production', 'Cellular response to toxic substance', 'Arachidonic acid metabolic process', 'PI3K-Akt signaling pathway', 'Metabolic pathways', 'IL-17 signaling pathway' and 'Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction'. Conclusion: Through a network pharmacological method, CMGJD was predicted to have high relevance with AD by regulating inflammation. This study could be used as a basis for effects of CMGJD on AD.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2022

천마(天麻, Gastrodia elata Blume)는 난초과(蘭草科, Orchidaceae)에 속하는 식물로 잎과 뿌리가 없어 탄소동화능력이 없으며, 뽕나무버섯균과 공생하는 기생식물이다. 주요 함유된 성분은 gastrodin, 4-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol, vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, ergothioneine 등이 있고, 주로 진정(鎭靜), 진경(鎭痙), 통락(通絡)의 효능이 있으며, 두통, 반신불수, 언어장애, 현훈(眩暈), 고혈압 등에 사용되고 있다. 천마는 노지 재배에 따른 안정생산 문제가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 혹한, 폭우 등 기상환경에 따른 연차간 수량성 차가 673~1,175kg/10a로 크고, 정식 후 원목·종균·자마의 공생관계 형성이 늦어져 자마 생존율이 70% 이하로 낮으며, 18개월 장기 재배 시 생육 환경이 불량해져 썩음병이 많이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 비가림시설, 종균 선(先) 접종 배양목 및 20g 이상의 자마를 사용하여 재배기간을 18개월에서 12개월로 6개월을 단축하고자 수행하였다. 본 실험은 종균 선접종 배양목 생산을 위해 ^①원목의 종균 접종 시기는 4월 하순, 6월 상순, 7월 중순으로 40일 간격으로 처리하였고, 이렇게 생산된 배양목을 활용하여 정식은 이듬해 4월 상순, 수확은 그 이듬해 3월 하순으로 설정하였다. 또한, 종균 선접종 배양목을 활용한 ^②천마의 정식 시기는 3월 상순, 4월 상순, 5월 상순으로 30일 간격으로 처리하였고, 수확 시기는 이듬해 2월 하순, 3월 하순, 4월 하순으로 설정하여 천마의 생육상황 및 생산성을 조사하였다. ^①원목의 종균 접종시기를 검정한 결과, 자마 생존율은 4월 하순과 6월 상순 처리가 무처리에 비해 15%가 높았고, 천마 수량은 무처리 대비 4월 하순과 6월 상순 처리구에서 각각 2.07배, 1.64배 높았다. ^②천마의 정식 시기를 검정한 결과, 천마의 유효적산온도는 2,400℃로 3월 상순 처리구는 2,446℃로 충족하였고, 4월 중순 처리구는 2,375℃로 거의 충족하였으나, 5월 상순 처리구는 2,178℃로 222℃가 부족하였다. 자마 생존율은 3월 상순 처리 시 95%로 가장 높았고, 정식 시기가 늦어질수록 자마 생존율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 수량성은 5월 상순 처리 대비 3월 상순이 3.56배, 4월 상순이 3.43배 높았다. 따라서, 자마 생존율, 유효적산온도, 천마 수량성 등의 결과에 따라 원목의 적정 종균 접종 시기는 4월 하순과 6월 상순 사이고, 천마의 적정 정식 시기는 3월 상순과 4월 상순 사이며, 비가림시설, 종균 선접종 배양목 및 우량자마를 활용하면 재배기간을 노지 대비 6개월 이상 단축할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 물리적인 상처나 세균감염이 되었을 때 손상된 조직을 재생하고 신체를 방어하기 위해 일어나는 선천성 면역반응으로 알려져 있다. 주로 선천면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species와 cytokine 등에 의해 활성화되어 tumor necrosis factor-α. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 등 염증인자들의 생성에 관여한다. 특히, 산화질소는 superoxide 음이온과 쉽게 반응하고 peroxynitrite와 같은 독성이 강한 산화제를 생성하여 단백질 및 지질의 과산화를 유도하고 세포독성을 일으키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 항염증 소재를 탐색하기 위해 오미자 (Schisandra chinensis), 꾸지뽕 (Cudrania tricuspidata)을 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 전북 순창군에서 재배된 오미자, 꾸지뽕을 열 건조(60℃) 통해 건조한 후 분말화하였다. 최적 추출 조건 선정을 위해 다양한 용매 (열수, 증류수, 주정 20, 40, 60%), 온도 (25, 40, 60, 80℃) 및 시간 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h) 조건에서 추출된 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 비교함으로써 최적 조건을 선정하였다. 오미자와 꾸지뽕의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거 활성, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하여 항산화능 및 기능성 성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7을 활용하여 MTT assay, 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 오미자 및 꾸지뽕은 각각 주정 40%, 60℃ 그리고 증류수, 60℃에서 추출 시 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량 (약 98.3 mg GAE/g 및 88.2 mg GAE/g)을 함유하며, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 44.6% 및 24.4%, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 30.3% 및 40.8%로 확인되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 약 21.80 mg QE/g 및 35.68 mg QE/g으로 확인되었다. 또한 오미자 및 꾸지뽕 기능성 추출물을 100 ug/mL 처리 시 세포 독성이 나타나지 않는 것으로 확인되었으며, NO 생성량을 약 56.3% 및 21.7% 저감시켜 항염증 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2020

참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai)는 중국의 동북부지역, 일본 및 한반도 전역에 자생하고 있으며, 예로부터 보혈, 활혈지통, 윤장등의 효능으로 심신혈허, 월경불순, 통경경폐 등의 병증에 주로 사용되었고, 8월부터 뿌리가 급격히 비대하여 10월 말에서 11월 초에 수확을 한다. 본 연구는 참당귀의 주산지인 봉화, 평창을 비롯한 영양, 인제 등 4지역을 선정하여 미세기상장비를 설치 및 토양의 이화학성 분석을 통해 지역별 생육환경을 측정하였고, 또한 참당귀의 생육특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 5월에서 10월까지 평균 대기온도와 일사량은 인제지역에서 다른지역에 비해 비교적 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 토양온도는 5월에서 8월까지는 영양지역이, 9월과 10월은 봉화지역이 다른지역에 비해 비교적 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 지역별 토양 성분의 이화학적 특성은 봉화지역이 유기물(5.17%), 전질소(0.19%), 유효인산(2187.76mg/kg), 칼륨(1.53cmol⁺/kg)의 함량이 다른 지역에 비해 높은 경향으로 확인되었고, 인제지역이 칼슘(12.63 cmol⁺/kg), 마그네슘(3.7cmol⁺/kg)등 미량원소의 함량이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. pH는 지역별 차이가 확인되지 않았으며, 영양지역의 토성이 사질식양토로 배수성의 차이는 확인되었다. 이에 따른 참당귀의 생육특성은 초장과 줄기직경은 영양지역에서 각각 70.95cm와 35.72mm로 가장 높게 측정되었으며, 잎 길이및 너비는 평창지역에서 각각 42.84cm, 52.39cm로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 뿌리직경은 영양에서 50.49mm, 뿌리길이는 봉화에서 38.05cm, 생중량은 평창에서 328.23g으로 다른지역에 비해 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 상기 결과를 바탕 재배환경과 생장량간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 재배환경 중 대기 및 토양온도, 대기 습도는 실험이 수행되어진 전 지역에서 이상고온이나 저온과 같은 특이점 없이 비슷한 양상으로 측정되었고, 이에 따라 참당귀생장에 대해 유의한 상관관계가 분석되지 않았다. 토양습도는 지상부(초장, 줄기직경, 잎길이, 잎너비)의 생육과 음의 상관관계에 있다고 사료되나 유의성이 검증되지 않았다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.477-483
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• 2023

The flowers of Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower) were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (CTex) and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc (CTE), n-BuOH (CTB), and H₂O (CTW) fractions. Repeated silica gel (SiO₂) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four flavonol glycosides. Nuclear magnetic resornance, infrarad spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy revealed the chemical structure of the isolated compounds, astragalin (1), isoquercetin (2), nicotiflorin (3), and rutin (4). Quantitative analysis of four isolated compounds in CTex was performed by HPLC. CTex was found to contain 1 at 0.107, 2 at 0.367, 3 at 6.752, and 4 at 0.991 mg/g, respectively. Through this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the protective effect on pancreatic islets of the extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds using a zebrafish larvae damaged by alloxan. Pancreatic islet size treated with EtOAc (CTE), n-BuOH (CTB), and H₂O (CTW) fractions and compounds 1-4 significantly increased compared to the alloxan-induced group. These results indicate that C. tinctorius flowers and its isolated compounds are used as potential anti-diabetic agents.