• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.395-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, burnout, and organizational commitment in airline context. In this study, 2 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. Questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 163 flight attendants was surveyed and 153 usable questionnaires were analyzed. According to the literature review, emotional labor was divided into 'surface acting' and 'deep acting'. Burnout, on the other hand, was categorized into the following variables: 'emotional exhaustion', 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment' accordingly. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor has no effect on 'emotional exhaustion' while emotional labor has negative effects on 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment'. Secondly, 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishments'' factor have negative effects on organizational commitment while 'emotional exhaustion' has no effect on organizational commitment. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'. Consulting system should also be conducted to reduce burnout and systematic procedure is also needed to induce positive results from burnout.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.435-440
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• 2004

연안침수지도는 태풍이나 해일에 의한 연안침수 발생 시 방조제의 월류 및 붕괴로 인한 예상 침수구역을 강우빈도(200년)별로 나타내고, 침수면적과 깊이를 표현한 지도로서 국외 선진국에서 방재형 국토관리 정책결정과 침수피해에 대한 대민 홍보의 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 국내에서도 연안침수에 의한 피해가 나날이 커지고 국토의 개발에 따른 자연 재해가 많아짐에 따라 보다 방재형 국토개발로 국민의 안전과 복리를 증진하고, 연안침수에 의한 피해를 최소화하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 연안침수지도의 제작 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구의 시범지역인 대부도 남부지역의 GIS 데이터베이스 구축은 문헌조사 및 기구축 데이터 확보, 지역의 특성에 맞는 신규 GIS 데이터베이스 구축 방법을 제시하였다. 침수구역을 예측하기 위한 모델링을 지원하기 위한 정확도와 경제성, 객관성, 현실성이 높은 지형공간자료의 효율적인 구축이 강조되었다. 구축한 데이터베이스의 세부 유형은 침수위험구역, 침수경계구역, 침수량 화살표이며, 기존에 구축된 데이터를 활용한 레이어는 해안선, 도로, 건물, 등고선, 등심선, 연안 표고점 측량데이터이다. 연안침수지도는 효율적인 재난관리를 위하여 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 나아가 주민의 침수에 대한 경각심 고취와 사전 교육, 지방자치단체의 침수위험 관리업무의 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 제작된 연안침수지도는 지자체 주민들을 위해 보기 쉽고 다양한 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 제작되었으며, 이를 위해 사진과 삽화를 추가하여 주민들에게 침수피해에 대한 경각심과 이해를 높이는데 중점을 두었다. 유지관리 후 활용체계 정비의 중요성’을 점검하고, ‘변동자료 발생원인의 분석’, ‘명확한 변동자료 입력 근거의 확보’, ‘갱신주체별 역할의 정의 및 유지관리 기준의 설정’, ‘분야별업무 특성을 고려한 관련 기준의 마련 및 타 시스템과 연계되는 항목을 고려한 절차 정의’ 등에 대한 다양한 접근을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 유지관리 모델을 기반으로 각 지자체별로 적절한 컨설팅이 진행되고 이에 따라 담당자의 실천이 이루어진다면 지자체 GIS의 투자대비 효과에 대한 기대는 이상이 아닌 현실로 다가오게 될 것이다.가오게 될 것이다. 동일하게 25%의 소유권을 가지고 있다. ？스굴 시추사업은 2008년까지 수행될 계획이며, 시추작업은 2005년까지 완료될 계획이다. 연구 진행과 관련하여, 공동연구의 명분을 높이고 분석의 효율성을 높이기 위해서 시료채취 및 기초자료 획득은 4개국의 연구원이 모여 공동으로 수행한 후의 결과물을 서로 공유하고, 자세한 전문분야 연구는 각 국의 대표기관이 독립적으로 수행하는 방식을 택하였다 ？스굴에 대한 제1차 시추작업은 2004년 3월 말에 실시하였다. 시추작업 결과, 약 80m의 시추 코아가 성공적으로 회수되어 현재 러시아 이르쿠츠크 지구화학연구소에 보관중이다. 이 시추코아는 2004년 8월 중순경에 4개국 연구팀원들에 의해 공동으로 기재된 후에 분할될 계획이다. 분할된 시료는 국내로 운반되어 다양한 전문분야별 연구에 이용될 것이다. 한편, 제2차 시추작업은 2004년 12월에서 2005년 2월 사이에 실시될 계획이다. 수백만년에 이르는 장기간에 걸쳐 지구환경변화 기록이 보존되어 있는

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.273-299
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• 2003

Children in one-parent families have difficulties from negative perception and prejudice in society in spite of increasing divorce rate and the substantial number of one-parent families. This research aims to provide basic setting-up materials of the equal educational environment to children in one-parent families by examining teachers' perception and attitudes towards those children, and also analysing which factors are associated with the teachers' perceptions and attitudes. In particular, by exploring teachers' internalized value system and stereotyped conception are closely related to the process of evaluating children's personality and behavior, this research suggests that social consciousness to one-parent families should be changed and improved in terms of equality. According to the research result, most teachers notice that children in one-parent families are increasing by number at schools, however, they do not seem to understand properly children's situations including psychological condition. Teachers' negative perception of children in one-parent families are not only influenced by teachers' socio-demographic characteristics, experience factors and children's school life, but also by teachers' own personal value of familism and divorce. Such teachers' attitudes towards one-parent family children are easily predicted to influence children's confidentiality and self-respect. Therefore, it is proposed that the change of social consciousness on one-parent families, the change of educational system and educational environment, development of educational training program for teachers, allocation of school social worker or school counsellor, and empowerment of one-parent family are necessary in order children in one-parent families to have more equitable opportunities at school.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.256-260
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• 2008

In this study, the composition of saponin and physico-chemical properties of Korean red ginseng extract was analyzed based on various extracting conditions. The total saponin and individual ginsenoside concentration of the red ginseng extract showed a decreasing trend as the extracting temperature and time increased; also, the extracting condition at $75^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours showed the highest concentration. In contrast, the concentration of $Rg_3$ increased as the extracting temperature and time increased within the particular range. It was suggested that a certain part of ginsenosides changes to $Rg_3$ according to extracting conditions; thus, the concentration of $Rg_3$ increased. Physico-chemical properties of Korean red ginseng extract based on the extracting conditions were different compared to those for saponin; so, as the extracting temperature and time increased, brix and color difference increased but pH decreased indicating stabilization of the overall quality of the product. Therefore, the most appropriate extracting condition for both the product quality of Korean red ginseng extract and stable extraction of saponin was $80^{\circ}C$ within 48 hours, minimizing the loss of ginsenosides.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2014

The objectives of this research are to develop information education framework and derive detail IT curriculums in University Liberal education, which is essential to effective learning all special knowledge and a base skill in university education. In order to achieve these research objectives, first this study theoretically derives three categories of IT education area based on comprehensive review of the previous research including IT Fluency, Information Literacy and Computational Thinking concepts, and explicates concrete items for each category. And then, with respect to each of these items, we empirically investigate the degree of necessity measured by the gap between the required level of knowledge and skills which student should have for effective studying of major curriculum and the present level of them which they really have. Field survey is employed for the data collection: 350 questionnaires are distributed to the students, and 313 questionnaires are collected in useful condition and are analyzed. The findings of this research shows that three dimensions of IT Liberal Education are empirically derived by factor analysis as following: (1) Foundational Concepts of IT, (2) Utilization Capabilities of IT, (3) Intellectual Capabilities of IT. And the results of this study can provide the theoretical basis for constructing the IT education. Also they can be used as a practical guideline in developing and promoting specific University IT education programs in Liberal Education.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2010

In this study a survey was conducted with tenth, eleventh, and twelfth-graders in some academic and vocational high schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and South Chungcheong Province from April 3 to 30, 2009; then, 600 questionnaires returned were analyzed, obtaining the following results. It was found that there were some differences in subjective perception and behavior among some high school students by school type (p<0.001). This suggests the need to make systematic programs within curricula for oral health education and prevention programs that practically help to improve oral health.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2016

Non-conventional resource and alternative energy were researched for predicting oil peak. In this study, one of many non-conventional resources, specifically oil-sands, was investigated due to the increasing interest of oil-sands plant modularization in permaforst areas for reducing the construction periods through modular transportation while limiting local construction workers. Hence, tehcnological trends were analyzed for oil-sand plant modularization. Data used were between 1994 and 2015 for patent analysis while targets included Korea, US, Japan, Europe and Canada. Technology classification system consisted of mining, steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD), separation/upgrading/tailors ponds, module design/packaging, module transportation and material/maintenance. Result of patent analysis, patent application accounts 89% in US and Canada. The main competitive companies were Shell, Suncor and Exxon-mobil. Unlike other oil developments, oil-sands have a long-term stable production characteristic, hence, it is important to ensure the competitiveness of oil-sands for obtaining a patent in the long run.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.22-28
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• 1997

In recent yean thc problem of wastc plastics arc greatly incrcascd with ihe result uf lndushial growth. As a rcsult the amount of wastc plaslics in domestic area is appraxhnately 2,300,000 t<~nin 1996 base and contmuously increasing more than 12% cvcry ycar. Thc disposal way of these waste plastics arc dlLl malnly rely~ng on landill1 or partially incinuralion So that it hss become a senous social problem due to the second envirnmentd pollution. The tcchnologics iar prducing oil from the waste plastics have hccn dcvelopcd far along pennd and currently some of them are in a commercialiration stage Pyrolysis process in one of the major process m heating waslc plaslics bul still has some restlichons for the cammcrc~dizatian duc lo 11s emnom~cal problems assaciated with a systcmiltlc lecd collcctionidispnsJ ways. Cansldenng cnvaomcnld problems, thc inclease m the charge for waste matcds trcatmcnt and thc lmlitarion ni disposal area, it is inteicstcd that the wastc plastics treabncnt by pyrolysn. which would be the safest and the most eilic~ent process for cnnvcrting fecd wastc to rc-usablc rcsourccs. would he predomhant m ihe near h~lurc Thc shldy aims inr the development of haslc ted~nolagy for scaling up to a com~nercial sire through pyrolys~s process which is cnnduclcd under the absence of air. Furthern~orc the waste plastics can be recycled as iual gas or oil wilhout harmful effects in enviroment, The waste w e d plastics arc pyrolyzed in (he fluidized bcd rcaclor under continuous way and thc ail ylcld gives approx~marcly 47 4%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.341-350
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to establish research hypotheses and conduct empirical analysis to clarify the relationship between self-leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance of researchers in the energy and environment fields. Data were extracted from questionnaires returned by 165 researchers in the field of energy environment among 200 questionnaires collected for approximately three weeks. The reliability, frequency, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and sobel-test were examined using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. The self-leadership of the researcher has a positive (+) effect on self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance, and the researcher's self-efficacy has a positive (+) influence on both job satisfaction and job performance. In addition, the self-efficacy and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between self-leadership, and job performance. Therefore, to improve the job performance of the researchers, it is important to establish a system for the human resource management of the affiliated institutions and revitalize the education for the self-leadership and self-efficacy improvement. In addition, it is necessary to provide an appropriate compensation system to satisfy the researchers' enjoyment, satisfaction and trust in their jobs. In particular, because self-efficacy is a very important factor for job performance, it is important to prepare an institutional strategy for strengthening the self-efficacy of researchers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 2014

In response to possible HNS (Hazardous and Noxious Substance) spill accident, HNS spill accident scenario and response scenario were developed. The accident area listed in scenarios is the coastal area of Busan, and scenario for possible accident in the designated area and strategies to respond the accident were developed, respectively. The scenario for accident was developed by designating HNS spill according to risk evaluation of HNS and analysis of HNS spill probability along the coastal area of Busan, and then estimating possible and potential impact from the accident. The scenario for response has been suggested as a systematical responding operations in order to effectively reduce the estimated impact from the accident. The possible HNS spill accident on the seas around Busan, has been designated by the spillage of 1,000ton of xylene due to collision accident in Gamcheon Port, and the possible impacts occurred by the accident has been simulated with the help of the atmospheric and oceanic dispersion model of xylene. In the responding scenario for the accident, a phased strategies regarding emergency rescue of peoples, protection and recovery of xylene, protective measures for the responders, and post management of the accident have been suggested.