• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.421-425
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• 2011

산불연료 조건에 따른 산불특성 분석을 위하여 산불피해의 조사지역은 2009년, 2010년 산불이 발생했던 강원도 고성지역과 양양지역, 강릉지역과 삼척지역을 조사 대상지역으로 선정하였으며, 고성군의 경우 활엽수림이 4개소, 칩엽수림 1개소, 양양군은 침엽수림이 3개소, 삼척시의 경우는 침엽수림이 2개소, 강릉시의 경우 침엽수림이 3개소 총 13개소를 각각 대상지로 선정하였다. 산불사례 현장조사를 통해 임목고사여부, 편면연소, 수간피해율, 수관피해율 등의 산불피해 특성을 분석한 결과 연료의 임상구조에 따른 편면연소율은 침엽수림은 67.4%, 활엽수림 47.9%로 침엽수림의 편면연소율이 활엽수림보다 19.5% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 수관피해율은 침엽수림은 51.1%, 활엽수림 44.2%로 침엽수림의 수관피해율이 활엽수림보다 6.9% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 임목고사율은 침엽수림은 44.0%, 활엽수림은 42.3%로 침엽수림의 임목고사율이 활엽수림보다 1.7% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 분석 되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.705-714
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• 2014

This text was analyzed and investigated the aerial part plants and buried seed plants at coniferous forest and broadleaved forest in Yesan-gun, in order to offer the basic data of potential natural vegetation change on secondary forest. Plants of buried seed germination were consisted of 29 taxa in coniferous forest (28 species, 1 varieties, of 27 genus, 20 families) and 36 taxa in broadleaved forest (34 species, 2 varieties, of 32 genus, 18 families). Family classification of buried seed plant was the most in Compositae, and emergent plot frequency was the highest of Cyperus amuricus in coniferous forest and Crepidiastrum sonchifolium in broadleaved forest. The soil depth of the most plants appearance was 0~10 cm in coniferous forest and 0~5 cm in broadleaved forest, and the soil depth of the most population appearance was 0~2 cm in coniferous forest and broadleaved forest. Population of buried seed germination was decreased according as soil is deep. Crepidiastrum sonchifolium was a plant that population of buried seed germination is the most. Similarity index of the aerial part plants and buried seed plants was low as 0.22, and coniferous forest and broadleaved forest was 0.40.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2002

In order to understand the condition of mostly-degraded evergreen broad-leaved forests(EBLF) and to make a restoration plan of EBLF in the Korean warm temperate, the distribution of EBLF and forest vegetation types have been investigated and the categories of degraded levels have been set. The coverage of the EBLF in the Korean peninsula was approximately 10,285ha based on the existing literature review and the actual vegetation map. Forest vegetation types have been investigated at thirty-two area of the south coast and inland in the warm temperate region. As a result, The forest vegetation was classified as 52 types; 26 types of EBLF, 13 types of semi-evergreen broad-leaved forests, 9 types of deciduous broad-leaved forests, 4 types of evergreen coniferous forests. The categories of degraded levels were divided into 8 levels and 14 sub-levels according to the importance percentage(I.P.) and the number of warm temperate species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

This study was conducted to clarify the use of artificial nest boxes of tits in coniferous and deciduous forests from March to June 2006 and 2007. Tree species richness, tree species diversity and total basal area were higher in deciduous forest than in coniferous forest. Except the bush-ground layer (<1 m), the other vertical layers were more developed in deciduous forest. Varied tit Parus varius, marsh tit P. palustris, coal tit P. ater and major tit P. major used the artificial nest boxes in this study. Number of breeding pairs of tits were higher in deciduous than in coniferous forest. Clutch size, brood size and breeding success of coal tits were higher in coniferous forest. Brood size and breeding success of major tits were higher in deciduous forest. Characteristics of habitat and niche partition would be influenced on tits' use of artificial nest boxes. The more detailed researches on artificial nest boxes would be needed for management and conservation of birds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2014

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) populations in a coniferous plantation and a deciduous forest from July to September 2013 in national forest, Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea. Coverage of understory, mid-story and overstory were more developed in a deciduous forest. We used line transect sampling method on a total of 4 transect lines, 2 lines in each forest type. Fifty two individuals of 4 amphibian species and 11 individuals of 3 reptile species were recorded. Mean observed number of herpetofauna species, individuals and species diversity index (H') were not significantly different between coniferous plantation and deciduous forest. This result related to ecological characteristics of herpetofauna. Habitats of herpetofauna were influenced on not only vertical structure of forests, but also climatic variables, thermoregulation and prey availability. The long-term monitoring and research on habitat preference and seasonal ecological traits of herpetofauna would be needed for conservation and management of herpetofauna in forest areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.541-554
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to examine the amount of nutrient input by throughfall and stemflow, and the nutrient dynamics by throughfall, stemflow and soil solution among Piuns koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and hardwood forests including oaks at Kwangju-Gun, Kyonggi-Do. A total amount of rainfall during the study period was 1410.1mm. Of the total rainfall, 85% was from throughfall at the L. leptolepis stand, 84.5% at the thinned P. koraiensis stand, 83.2% at the unthinned P. koraiensu stand and 81.2% at the hardwood stand, showing greater throughfall at the conifer stand than at the hardwood stand. Stemflow showed 2.7% of rainfall at the hardwood stand, 1.3% at the unthinned P. koraiensis stand, 1.2% at the thinned P. koraiensis stand and 0.8% at the L. leptolepis stand, showing greater stemflow at the hardwood stand than at the conifer stand. Ion concentration of stemflow was greater than those of rainfall and throughfall. The conifer stand showed higher ion concentration than the hardwood stand both for cation and anion. The ion concentrations of throughfall and stemflow were higher in the descending order : $NH{_4}^+$-N > $K^+$ > $K^+$ > $Na^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ for cations and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ > $NO{_3}^-$-N > $Cl^-$-N for anions. After the precipitation passed through the canopy, $K^+$ increased most at the hardwood stand, whereas $NH{_4}^+$-N did most at the P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis stands. The ion concentration of soil solution was higher in the descending order : $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ for cations and $NO{_3}^-$-N > $Cl^-$ > $SO{_4}^{2-}$ for anions. $NH{_4}^+$-N and $K^+$ seemed to be supplied primarily from atmospheric deposition while $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ from weathering.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the budget and cycling of Nitrogen and Sulfur, esential elements and principal constituents of acid rain, their input through precipitation, and their output by streamflow were quantified in coniferous and deciduous forested watersheds, using combination of nutrient concentration and hydrological analysis, in Kwangnung Experimental Forest from July 1991 to Decmeber 1993. Amount of annual mean precipitation was 12.916 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/, annual mean runoff 5,094 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/(39%), 7,647 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/(59%) in coniferous and deciduous forest watersheds, respectively. Amounts of annual input of N(NO₃/sup -/+NH₄/sup +/) and SO/sup 2-/₄ through preciptation were 12.5, 81.7 kg·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/, respectively. Annual output via runoff of N(NO₃/sup -/+NH₄/sup +/) and SO/sup 2-/₄were 0.06, 39.23 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ in the coniferous forest watershed ecosystem, and 0.15, 55.46 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ in the deciduous one, respectively. On the basis of annual nutrient input and output, the annual budget of N(NO₃/sup -/+NH₄/sup +/) and SO/sup 2-/₄were +12.46, +42.49 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ in the coniferous forest watershed, and +11.35, +26.26 ton·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ in the deciduous one. Thus N(NO₃/sup -/+NH₄/sup +/) and SO/sup 2-/₄were accumulated in both forested watershed ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 1996

To study vegetational structure of the Korean warm temperate region fifty two plots were surveyed in evergreen broad-leaved forests of southern islands. The vegetational structures among sites were dissimilar in virtue of geographical isolation and artificial disturbance. The surveyed plots were generally classified into three groups; the first, the group in which plant succession has proceeded naturally, the second, the group which was disturbed and managed for a long time, the third, the group which was afforested and has been succeeded into evergreen broad-leaved forest. The species with constancy over 80% in fifty two plots were Machilus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermidium, Cinnamomum japonicum, and Ligustrum japonicum. The community of Lozoste lancifolia, which is assumed to be a climax community of the Korean warm temperate region, remains in Chudo and Aedo. The secondary succession of seashore forest which were disturbed in the past will be done into Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1995

Vegetational structure were investigated for evergreen broad-leaved forest in (Mt.) Pulgapsan. Forty plots were classified into five groups, which were Aphananthe aspera community, Neolitesea sericea -Aphananthe aspera - Torreya nucifera community, deciduous broad-leaved forest group. Quercus aliena community, Quercus aliena - Quercus variabilis community by the TWINSPAN and DCA ordination techniques. But the vegetation of (Mt.)Pulgapsan was seem to be unstable structure of seral stage. Neolitsea sericea showed positive correlation to Aphananthe aspera and negative correlation to Quercus aliena. Quercus variabilis, Garpinus tschonoskii.