• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.149-153
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• 2004

전통된장 제조방법으로서 원료 혼합비, 메주의 건조시간 및 온도, 메주와 된장의 발효 시간 및 온도, 된장 간장의 분리 여부, 된장 숙성(aging) 시간을 조사하였다. 혈액응고 저해 활성(anticoagulant activity)을 fibrin clotting assay법으로 분석하여 혈액응고 저해활성과 제법간의 상관 관계를 검토하였다. 숙성 기간이 길수록 혈액응고 저해활성이 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으나 선형적인 상관관계보다는 비선형적으로 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 혈액응고 저해활성이 높은 2종의 된장시료를 선발하였으며 숙성기간이 180일 이상일 경우 전통된장의 혈액응고 저해활성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

배경: 채혈 후 제제 경과시간에 따른 동결혈장의 혈액응고인자의 활성도와 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여, 혈액응고인자제제의 원료혈장의 사용범위를 확장 가능한지 확인하고자 동결혈장의 채혈시간과 응고인자 특성을 측정하였다. 방법: ALT 부적격 혈장을 채혈 후 동결시간의 특성에 따라 4단계로 구분하였고, 6종류의 혈액 응고인자 활성도와 혈액형을 검사하였고, SAS 9.2 프로그램을 사용하여 통계처리 하였다. 결과: 혈액제제간 FVIII 활성도를 분석한 결과 PL-A>FFP>FP(8-24)${\approx}$FP(24-72) 순으로 유의하게 낮아졌고 혈액형에 따라서는 AB형이 제일 높고, O형이 제일 낮았다. 대한적십자사의 원료혈장에 대한 FVIII 활성 품질기준을 적용할 경우 PL-A, FFP와 FP24는 각각 85.0%와 82.5%로 적합하였다. 캐나다 퀘백 주처럼 FP24의 FVIII 활성이 0.52 IU/mL 이상을 적용할 경우 PL-A, FFP와 FP24는 각각 95.0%, 96.3%, 82.6%로 적합하였다. 또한 FP(8-24)의 A형과 AB형, FP(24-72)의 경우 AB형이 각각 82.1%, 83.3%, 100%로 적합하였다. 결론: 혈액응고인자제제용 원료혈장의 범위는 외국의 기준에 비추어 채혈 후 24시간 내에 동결된 혈장(FP24)으로 확대 사용이 가능하다. 이를 위해서는 채혈 후 동결시간과 혈액응고인자에 대한 품질기준을 유럽약전 또는 WHO 가이드라인과 비교하여 완화하는 것이 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.76-76
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• 1993

헤파린은 혈액응고계에서 antithrombin III 존재하에서 thrombin과 factor Xa의 작용을 억제함으로써 항응고제로서 작용을 한다. 심정맥혈전증 등 임상에 응용성이 높지만 장기적 사용시 혈소판 감소효과, 출혈, 골다공증 등의 부작용이 나타나고 있다. 본연구는 식물성 생약으로부터 당을 분리 정제하여 화학적으로 sulfation시켜 in vitro와 ex vivo에서 항응고활성을 비교하였다. 우선적으로 aPTT를 측정하여 응고시간의 연장을 시키는 다섯종류의 식물생약을 선택하였고 이 중에서 청호(Artemisiae apiaceae)로부터 산성당을 분리하여 pyridine과 chlorosulfonic산으로 sulfation 시켰율 때 in vitro상에서 항응고활성은 sulfation전에 비해 두드러지게 증가하였다. 농도를 달리 하여 실험동물에 투여시 응고시간의 연장 역시 비슷한 양상을 보여주었다. Thrombin 억제는 발견되지 않았지만 sulfate기와 항응고 활성과는 관계가 있는 것처럼 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.699-705
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• 2014

This study was conducted to select the coagulant for konjac processing and to identify the antibacterial activity on foodborn pathogens by concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$. In rheological properties such as hardness, gumminess and chewiness, konjac jelly were increased by progressing coagulation regardless of coagulant. In mineral contents, the Ca content of konjac jelly made with $Ca(OH)_2$ was significantly higher than that of NaOH. On the contrary, the Na content of konjac jelly made with NaOH coagulant was significantly higher than that of $Ca(OH)_2$. There were no significant differences in the Mg and P contents according to coagulant. In sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences in the color, flavor, taste, texture and overall quality according to coagulant. The antimicrobial activities of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium were inhibited in proportion to the concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$. According to the manufacturing process of konjac jelly, the change in microorganism was not found after molding.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.867-872
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• 1998

Background: The fixed dose regimen with activated coagulation time(ACT) is the most commonly employed method for determining the required dosage of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Material and Method: We performed a prospective study on a fixed dose regimen for analyzing adequate dosages of heparin and protamine, the incidence of heparin resistance and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia, factors affecting ACT during CPB, and changes of ACT during aprotinin usage. 300 units/kg of heparin were administered to patients, and ACTs were measured after 5 mins. ACTs were checked at 10 mins and 30 mins after the onset of CPB, and then at 30 min intervals thereafter. If the measured ACT was under 400 secs, we added 100 units/kg of heparin. The heparin was reversed with 1 mg of protamine for each 100 units administered. If the measured ACT was longer than 130 secs 30 mins after protamine administration or if there was definitive evidence of a coagulation defect, we administered a further 0.5 mg/kg of protamine. Result: We studied 80 patients(50 adults and 30 children) who underwent open heart surgery(OHS) at Seoul National University Hospital. Preoperative ACT was 114.3${\pm}$19.3 secs in adults, and 119.5${\pm}$18.2 secs in children. There were no differences in preoperative ACT due to age, body weight, body surface area, or sex. The preoperative ACT was not influenced by a positive past history of OHS. Ten adults(20%) and 3 pediatric patients(10%) needed additional doses of heparin to maintain the ACT above 400 secs. Additional protamine administration was needed in 9 adults(18%) and 10 children(33%). Heparin resistance was found in only two adults. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in 2 adults and 1 child. During CPB, ACT was prolonged. 12 adult patients received a low dose of aprotinin and showed longer celite activated ACT compared to the control group.The kaolin activated ACT showed a lower tendency than the celite activated ACT in aprotinin users. Conclusion: In conclusion, fixed dose regimen of heparin and protamine can be used without significant problems, but the incidence of need of additional dosage remains unsatisfactory.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.501-505
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• 1997

It was reported that use of aprotinin in elderly patients undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest was associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction, and myocardial infarction as a result of intravascular coagulation. We reviewed 20 patients who received high-dose aprotinin under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with(NP group, n= 11) or without selective cerebral perfusion(SP group, n=9). The activated clotting time was exceeded 750 seconds in all but 1 patient. After opening aortic arch, retrograde low flow perfusion was maintained through femoral artery to prevent air embolization to the visceral arteries. Four patients among 20 died during hospitalization'due to bleeding, coronary artery dissection pulmonary hemorrhage and multiple cerebral infarction. Postoperatively, cerebrovascular accidents occurred in two patients; one with preoperative carotid artery dissection and the other with unknown multiple cerebral infarction. In conclusion, use of aprotinin in young patients undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest did not increase the risk of renal dysfunction or intravascular coagulation if ACT during circulatory arrest is maintained to exceed 750 seconds with low-flow perfusion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 1997

Thromboelastography(TEG) is the unique measure that gives rapid information about the whole clotting process. Simplifying the diagnosis of coagulopathy during operations, TEG can provide an adequate therapy for postoperative bleeding. Remarkable improvement in hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been achieved by the treatment with proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, but the hemostatic mechanism of aprotinin during CPB is still unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of aprotinin on coagulation system during CPB by using TEG. Forty patients who underwent CPB were divided into two groups: aprotinin(2u 106 kallikrein inhibition units, as a single dose into the cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution) treatment group(male 14, female 8, mean age=50.Byears) and no aprotinin treatment(control) group(male 10, female 8, mean age=53.4 years). TEG, activated clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet counts, fibrinogen an (ibrinogen degradation product(FDP) concentrations were checked before and after CPB(30 minutes after neutralization of heparin effect by protamine sulfate). There was no significant difference in other conventional coagulation tests of two groups except postcardiopulmonary bypass FDP concentration in control group, which was significantly increased compared to that in aprotinin group(p<0.05). In TEG variables of both groups, clot formation time(K) and alpha $angle(\alpha^{\circ})$ were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after CPB(p<0.05), but fibrinolytic index(LYS60) was not changed during CPB. In aprotinin group, reaction time(R) was decreased significantly after CPB(p<0.05) but maximum amplitude(MA) was not changed(p>0.05). On the contrary, R was not changed markedly but MA was decreased significantly in control group after CPB(p<0.05). This result shows that main change in coagulation system during CPB is not hyperfibrinolysis but cecrease in clot strength by platelet dys unction, and the main effect of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass is the maintenance of clot strength to the pre-CPB level by the preservation of platelet function.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2007

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is known to potentially prevent arteriosclerosis and hypertension, but its effects on platelet function are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antithrombotic activities of the edible plant extract. Methanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge exhibited about 70% fibrinolytic activity compared to the plasmin control, and inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.42 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) compared with control. Moreover, 0.05 mg/mL S. miltiorrhiza Bunge extract contained 87.3% l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, S. miltiorrhiza Bunge seemed to enhance antithrombotic activity due to its radical scavenging activity. Based on these data, further examination is required to determine the mechanism of platelet-dependent antithrombosis and the effect of polyphenols on platelet function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2012

We performed this study to develop antithrombotic agents from oriental medicine herb extracts. Polygonum cuspidatum has been traditionally used as an edible medical resources for the treatment of cancer, pyodermatitis, hepatitis, cystitis, and inflammation. However, the effects of Polygonum cuspidatum on thrombosis and platelet activation are not precisely understood. The antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Polygonum cuspidatum were investigated by assessing the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. Polygonum cuspidatum showed effective fibrinolytic activity at 10 mg/mL. Polygonum cuspidatum also inhibited adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, evaluation of anticoagulant activity showed that an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum prolonged coagulation time via activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results show that Polygonum cuspidatum can be a potential candidate for antiplatelet activity as well as a fibrinolytic agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.443-451
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• 2020

Recently, thrombotic diseases have become rapidly more prevalent due to Westernized lifestyles and high-fat diets. In this study, the anti-thrombosis activities of the aerial parts of Sageretia thea were evaluated using ethanol extracts of the leaf (ST-L), branch (ST-B), and fruit (ST-F), and their anti-coagulation, platelet aggregation inhibition, and hemolytic toxicity were assessed. In comparison to the ST-F extract, the ST-B exhibited 6.7 times more polyphenol content, and the ST-L had 2.7 times more total flavonoid content. The ST-L and ST-B extracts showed stronger inhibitions of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors than aspirin, berry extracts, or commercial oriental herbs. Furthermore, ST-L and ST-B showed superior platelet aggregation-inhibitory activities than aspirin. The ST-F extract demonstrated only minor anti-thrombosis effects, and none of the extracts showed hemolysis against red blood cells up to 1 mg/ml. Phenolic acid and flavonoid analysis of the ST-L and ST-B extracts showed abundant rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin as the major active compounds. Further research on the anti-thrombotic activity of isoquercitrin, a rare flavonoid from quercetin, is necessary. This is the first report of isoquercitrin in Sageretia thea, and our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B extracts could therefore developed as anti-thrombosis agents.