Thromboelastographic Analysis of the Coagulation System During Cardiopulmonary Bypass -Analysis of the Effect of Low-Dose Aprotinin

심폐바이패스시 혈액응고체계 변화의 혈전탄성검사 분석 - 단일 저용량 아프로티닌 투여 효과 분석 -

  • 김관민 (삼성의료원 흉부외과) ;
  • 박계현 (삼성의료원 흉부외과, 서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1997.07.01

Abstract

Thromboelastography(TEG) is the unique measure that gives rapid information about the whole clotting process. Simplifying the diagnosis of coagulopathy during operations, TEG can provide an adequate therapy for postoperative bleeding. Remarkable improvement in hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been achieved by the treatment with proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, but the hemostatic mechanism of aprotinin during CPB is still unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of aprotinin on coagulation system during CPB by using TEG. Forty patients who underwent CPB were divided into two groups: aprotinin(2u 106 kallikrein inhibition units, as a single dose into the cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution) treatment group(male 14, female 8, mean age=50.Byears) and no aprotinin treatment(control) group(male 10, female 8, mean age=53.4 years). TEG, activated clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet counts, fibrinogen an (ibrinogen degradation product(FDP) concentrations were checked before and after CPB(30 minutes after neutralization of heparin effect by protamine sulfate). There was no significant difference in other conventional coagulation tests of two groups except postcardiopulmonary bypass FDP concentration in control group, which was significantly increased compared to that in aprotinin group(p<0.05). In TEG variables of both groups, clot formation time(K) and alpha $angle(\alpha^{\circ})$ were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after CPB(p<0.05), but fibrinolytic index(LYS60) was not changed during CPB. In aprotinin group, reaction time(R) was decreased significantly after CPB(p<0.05) but maximum amplitude(MA) was not changed(p>0.05). On the contrary, R was not changed markedly but MA was decreased significantly in control group after CPB(p<0.05). This result shows that main change in coagulation system during CPB is not hyperfibrinolysis but cecrease in clot strength by platelet dys unction, and the main effect of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass is the maintenance of clot strength to the pre-CPB level by the preservation of platelet function.

혈전탄성검사(혈전탄성검사, thomboelastography)는 혈전 생성 전 과정에 대한 신속한 정보를 제공해 주는 유용한 측정 방법 중의 하나이며, 많은 수술 과정에서 발생하는 혈액응고 장애의 진단을 용이하게 함으로써 적절한 치료를 가능케 한다. 최근, 단백질분해효소 억제제인 아프로티닌에 의해 심폐바이패스 후의 혈액응고 장애에 의한 출혈 문제가 많이 해결되었지만,그 지혈 작용 기전은 아직 정확히 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구 는 개심술을 시행 받은 환자들에서 아프로티닌이 심폐바이패스에 의한 혈액응고 체계 변화에 미치는 효과를 혈전탄성검사로 분석하기위하여 시행하였다 20세 이상 성인 개심슬 환자 40명을 2개의 군으로 나누어 시행하였다. 대조군(남 10명, 여8명, 평균연령 53.4세)은 심폐기 충전액에 아프로티닌을 투여하지 않았고, 아프로티닌군(남 14명, 여 8명, 평균연령 50.8세) 은 심폐기 충전액에 아프로티닌 2백만 KIU(kallikrein inhibition unit)를 투여하였다. 이 들을 대상으로, 심폐바 이패스 전, 후( 프로타민에 의한 헤파린 효과 중화 30분 후)에 혈전탄성검사와, 활성응고시간, 프로트롬빈시 간, 활성부분트롬보플라스틴시간, 혈소 \ulcorner수, 섬유소원과 섬유소용해물질 농도 등 일반적인 혈액응고 검사들 을 시행하였다. 일반적인 혈액응고 검사상에서는, 두 군간에는 섬유소용해물질이 대조군에서 심폐바이패스 후 아프로티닌 군 보다 의미 있게 증가한 것(p<0.05)을 제외하고는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 혈전탄성검사에서는 혈전형성 시간(K)과 $알파각(\alpha^{\circ})이$ 두 군 모두에서 심폐바이패스 후에 각각 증가 및 감소하였으나(p<0.05), 섬유소용해 지수(LYS60)는 차이가 없었다. 아프로티닌군에서는, 반응시간(R)은 심폐바이패스 후에 감소하였으나(p<0.09) 혈전강도최대치(h4A)는 변화가 없었다. 반면 대조군에서는, 반응시간은 변화가 없었으나 혈전강도최대치는 의미 있게 감소하였다(p<0.05). . 이상의 결과로부터, 심폐바이패스 시 혈액응고 체계의 주된 변화는 혈소판 기능 저하에 의한 혈전 강도의 저하이고, 과도한 섬유소용해의 증가는 일어나지 않으며, 아프로티닌은 심폐바이패스 후의 혈액응고 체계에 서 초기에는 항혈액응고 작용을 갖지만, 심폐바이패스에 의한 혈소판 기능의 저하를 억제하여, 일단.혈전이 형성되기 시작하면 혈전강도를 심폐바이패스 전 상태로 유지하는 효과를 갖는다고 \ulcorner각된다.

Keywords

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