• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.137-164
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• 1995

산림은 목재와 산채의 생산과 같은 물질생산의 기능이 있는 동시에 탄소를 고정하고 산소를 배출하는 광합성작용을 통하여 대기를 정화하며 지표토양의 침식을 방지한다. 또한 산림은 여러가지 동식물의 서식처로서 생물다양성을 보존하는 데 대단히 중요한 역할을 하는 동시에 도시민에게 휴식처를 제공하기도 한다. 이러한 산림의 다양한 기능 가운데 그 가치가 공식적으로 인정이 되고 있는 것은 목재나 약재와 같이 시장에서 유통되는 임산물의 생산기능에 제한되고 있어 산림자원의 효율적인 이용과 관리를 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여서는 산림이 지니고 있는 환경보전기능에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 이 논문에서는 최근 서구 제국에서 진행되고 있는 산림의 환경보전적 가치의 평가에 관한 연구 추이를 살펴보고 이러한 산림의 환경보전적기능의 평가를 뒷받침할 수 있는 이론적 체계를 정립하고자 하였다. 환경자원평가 방법을 산림의 환경보전가치 평가에 적용할 수 있는가를 검토하였으며, 적용장의 문제점을 살펴보았다. 산림의 환경보전적 가치를 평가하고자 할 경우에는 대부분의 경우에 있어서 생산함수법을 우선적으로 사용하고, 이 방법의 적용이 불가능할 경우 가계생산함수법과 실험시장법은 보완적으로 사용하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2006

종래의 개발은 양면성을 가지고 있다. 하나는 개발로 인한 경제적 효율성과 편리성 부분이고, 다른 하나는 그러한 개발로 인한 자연훼손 및 생태계 파괴이다. 이로 인해 개발과 보전은 양립할 수 없는 상반적인 개념으로 받아들여져 왔고, 개발론과 보전론의 대립적 구도가 지속되어 왔다. 우리나라는 국토의 65% 이상이 산지이기 때문에 산지의 부분적 개발은 피할 수 없는 사회적 요구인 동시에, 산지는 자연생태계의 보고로서 생태계 보전이 필수적인 지역이다. 이러한 산지 개발과 보전에 대한 상반적 이해를 통합하여 자연과 인간의 공생체계를 갖추기 위해서는 인간중심의 사고에서 탈피하여 사람과 생태계 그리고 자연을 하나로 보는 총체적인 측면에서 접근하는 새로운 패러다임이 설정되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 산지의 정량적인 가치를 평가하기 위해 시 공간적으로 다양한 인자들에 대해 시스템적인 관점에서 그 중요성을 고려하고자 하는 에머지 개념을 통해 산지 본래의 가치를 평가하였다. 에머지 개념은 그 동안 생태계가치평가, 개발사업의 편익-비용평가, 환경수용력 평가, 개발대안 평가, 환경계정, 환경훼손 소송관련 비용 평가 등에 적용되었다. 이러한 에머지 개념을 이용한 평가 방법을 통한 의사결정이 이루어지면 산지뿐만이 아닌 생태계의 지속가능한 이용을 실현하기 위한 적절한 정책의 선택과 이의 이행 실효성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 자연환경 가치의 정량적 평가를 통해서 우리는 한층 더 자연환경 및 자원의 다원적 기능에 대한 자각을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.52-68
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish the management area using assessment of the conservation value on forest wetland, Sandeul wetland in Mt. Jaeyak, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The six assessment factors were selected through the review of previous researches and written evidences such as wetland vegetation, hydrological factor, soil factor, topographical factor, naturalness and risk. The assessment data were built on the basis of digital topographic maps, digital detailed soil maps, high resolution satellite images and field surveys of three times. According to the result of assessment of the conservation value and establishment the management area, the core area which has the highest conservation value was occupied by 1.9ha and the conservation area which conservation value is 2 grades was occupied by 33.7ha. The buffer area surrounded core area and conservation area was analyzed by 33.7ha. The transition area which conservation value is 4 grades showed by the widest area(151.2ha) and restoration area that is the ecological hazard area was occupied by 1.7ha. In conclusion, these results can provide methods and basic informations for conserving and managing wetlands because the management area was classified scientifically considering rational processes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2002

Assessment institution of urban ecosystem is divided into ‘Urban Planning Act’and ‘Environmental Management Act’in Korea. The assessment institution of urban planning is divided into ‘Standard of land development approval’and ‘Environmental assessment of urban planning’. The institution of environmental management is divided into ‘Environmental impact assessment’and ‘Advance environmental assessment’. Assessment institution of urban ecosystem is progressed very slowly, because of development oriented policy. And so there are many problems that objective assessment method is not invented except ‘Degree of growing tree number per unit area’and ‘Degree of human disturbance of vegetation’, and insufficiency of conservation measures or post evaluation, etc. Activation of assessment institution of urban ecosystem is necessary followed countermeasures in Korea. (1) Development of objective assessment method for urban ecosystem as biotope map, (2) Appointment of censer-vation zone or consideration of damage for high value in conservation, (3) Parallel establishment of development and ecosystem conservation plan, and enforcing post evaluation

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.420-431
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• 2015

As biodiversity and climate change have become main issues in recent times, the role of the forest ecosystem has been more important and forest conservation has been highlighted. The purpose of this study is to estimate forest area with high conservation values in Gapyung-gun by considering forest ecosystem services. The indicators of biodiversity, climate regulation, and water regulation were selected for assessment in this study. To assess biodiversity, habitat structural features and distribution characteristics of species were analyzed. Climate regulation and water regulation were assessed through analysis of carbon absorption volume and water storage. The result showed that, 50.1% of the forests in Gapyung-gun had high conservation values. The results were verified by comparing them with distribution tendencies of other environmental maps, which represent forest ecological values, and showed similar distribution tendencies. The study was conducted on only Gapyung-gun in Korea; however, the methods used in this study could be utilized for assessment of other areas to identify forests with high conservation values.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2020

기존과 현행 수자원 관련 의사결정은 법, 정책 및 규정의 틀에서 이루어진다. 그러나 우리나라에서 재현되고 있는 물의 사회적 현안과 갈등들을 생각할 때 이들 의사결정을 위한 틀이 충분한 역할을 하고 있는가에 의문을 제시하고 다른 길을 모색할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 물 의사결정과 행동을 주도하기 위한 기존 틀의 보완책 또는 새로운 대안으로 섬진강 유역의 수자원 이용 사례를 통하여 물 윤리의 도입과 제도화를 제안한다. 물 윤리(water ethics)는 물 정책, 관리 및 실무 등 실제행동의 복잡한 환경에서 우리의 가치를 적용하기 위해 채택하는 원칙이다. 대부분 물 윤리적 행동선택은 여러 개의 상충되는 가치를 포함하고 있어 원칙이 필요하며, 존중할 가치와 무시할 가치를 선택해야한다. 또한 이러한 가치 결정을 신속하고 효율적으로 수행하여 물 갈등해소를 지원할 필요가 있다. 물 윤리의 가치 영역은 환경, 사회, 경제, 문화, 거버넌스 등 5개로 분류할 수 있다. 섬진강 유역에는 1960년 이후 경제발전을 위하여 섬진강댐, 주암댐, 보성강댐, 동복댐, 동화댐 등 6개의 댐이 건설되었고, 이들 댐에서 확보한 수량의 60%는 섬진강 유역 외의 생·공용수, 농업용수 및 발전용수로 도수되고 있다. 송정지점을 기준으로 연평균 유출량은 댐건설 전·후에 40%로 감소한 것으로 추정되었다. 물 윤리 차원에서 이들 정책은 1960년 정부가 추구했던 경제 가치에 최우선하는 물 관리라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 물 관리는 하류로 흘러가는 수량의 부족을 초래하여 하구 생태계 훼손을 초래하였다. 특히 하구 기수역에서 상류 유입량 감소로 인한 염수의 유입으로 재첩의 생태환경이 악화되어 전통적인 재첩채취 어업문화를 이루어 왔던 어민들이 고충을 겪고 있다. 물 윤리 차원에서 섬진강의 물 관리는 경제와 함께 환경, 사회, 문화 및 거버넌스 가치의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 하구의 환경생태 가치 보전에 필요한 환경유량을 확보하기 위해 공업용수와 농업용수 이용 효율성(재이용, 절약, 경제성), 생활용수의 수요관리, 공급시설의 최적 운영 전략을 물 윤리적 차원에서 평가해야한다. 최종적으로 확보된 환경유량의 효과적 활용을 위하여 그동안 물 관리에서 소외되었던 어민을 포한한 지자체, 수공·농어촌공사·한수원 물 관리기관, 중앙정부 등 이해관계기관의 거버넌스 가치를 높여야한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.611-618
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• 2009

Road construction has been worked on by focusing on cost effectiveness such as the reduction of construction costs without understanding the natural environment and ecosystems. In addition, since ecosystems have been destroyed and the habitats of animals and plants have been isolated, wild animals have sought other habitats or have moved into isolated habitats. Thus, issues such as roadkills or the extermination of species are increasingly occurring. Based on this background, the development and application of a general assessment method need to be researched in order to verify whether or not spaces or habitats where animals can be inhabited and their species can be maintained exist. The purpose of this study is to develop an ecosystem map where a conservation value evaluation method considering the functions of an ecosystem where animals live as well as the naturalness of ecosystems is used and can be made into a drawing. The items applied to evaluate the habitat conservation values were naturalness, rarity, and functionality, and sub-items for evaluation were created. GIS as well as the evaluation items were used to create a digital map about the level of importance based on the evaluation criteria. The created digital map showed that it was not limited to the adjustment or distribution of the fauna and flora but was applicable for a general ecosystem evaluation method for the conservation of habitats. It is expected that the isolation of habitats would be able to be minimized if the digital map is used for road construction projects. The digital map is deemed to be able to be used for the construction of environmentally friendly roads, which will minimize the destruction of ecosystems and the isolation of habitats for creatures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.297-312
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• 2007

This study is conducted to evaluate economical value of Jeju grassland and validity of its preservation, and draw up several measures to support. To measure its economical value, this study examined its environmental value and social and cultural value. For environmental value, this study used replacement method while it applied CVM method, a widely used method, to assess social and cultural value and two-level two-best choice selection method, which ask questions by assuming virtual circumstances to avoid reflecting some biased opinions. Jeju grassland has multiple functions-environmental functions such as preventing soil corrosion and flood, handling animal excrement, and purifying air, and social and cultural functions such as promoting physical and mental health and providing recreation places. From the results of the feasibility study, Jeju grassland's annual multiple functions are assessed to have a total $397,115{\sim}418,995$ million won worth. In addition, it is found that Jeju visitors recognize Jeju grassland for its functions to contribute to public interests. That is, they think it can provide attractive views and educational and recreational places and promote emotional development. Especially, many people presented their ideas that it be continuously preserved since it is worthwhile for us and our next generations. To preserve grassland's cultural resource, which create a huge economic value like this, the Government has to support a certain amount of financial aid for turning to a better grassland environment and its maintenance to realize environment-friendly livestock farming on Jeju Island and promote its tourism industry and consequently, add more value to Jeju.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2018

The Korean government has been trying to conserve a marine ecosystem that has been shifting due to climate change. As part of this effort, the government designated seventy-seven marine species that have been disappearing and deserve to be protected as endangered managing them specially. To generate basic data to guide policy for these endangered species, their value must be measured. OOf the species declared endangered, coral is particularly threatened by climate change, and its management is important. Accordingly, understanding the potential value of reefs, can be an effective way of proving the benefits of continuous management to decision makers and the general public alike. To this end, we have applied the contingent valuation method (CVM), an economic technique of for valuing a environmental and non-market goods such as a coral reef. A national face-to-face survey of 1,000 randomly selected households was conducted in order to determine the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving coral reefs. A one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) model was adopted to interpret WTP responses, and a spike model was employed to deal with zero WTP responses. The results show that the conservation value of a coral reef can be estimated at 3,016 won per household per year, statistically significant at the 1 % level. Expanding values to the national population gives an annual value of 58.9 billion won. We can conclude that the public is willing to pay a significant amount to conserve coral reefs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 1994

The criteria which have been used for the assessment of wildlife conservation values and particularly botanical values during the last decade, 1969~1986, were reviewed in order to select an appropriate set of criteria applicable for Korea. Fifteen studies, including studies of particular sites reviews of ecological evaluation are reviewed. Four criteria, rarity, diversity, size & extent and naturalness were used in more than half of these studies reviewed. The sixteen components were arranged with the scale of the sites, in view of the Korean situation. The human Interference, ecological fragility. as well as rarity, etc. were major components to be considered at small scale sites. In the contrary, area, diversity position in ecological and geographical unit, and naturalness, etc. considered the major components at larger scale sites. The components such as uniqueness, typicalness, research and educational, etc. were considered both applicable. Although this criteria should be tested by applications in the field and amended there after, It will be one of the first-step to evaluate of the protected areas, as well as specific plant species in the future.