Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Conservation Value of Coral Communities in Moonseom Ecosystem Protected Area

문섬 등 주변해역 생태계보호구역 내 산호군락지의 보전가치

  • Received : 2018.01.16
  • Accepted : 2018.02.26
  • Published : 2018.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Korean government has been trying to conserve a marine ecosystem that has been shifting due to climate change. As part of this effort, the government designated seventy-seven marine species that have been disappearing and deserve to be protected as endangered managing them specially. To generate basic data to guide policy for these endangered species, their value must be measured. OOf the species declared endangered, coral is particularly threatened by climate change, and its management is important. Accordingly, understanding the potential value of reefs, can be an effective way of proving the benefits of continuous management to decision makers and the general public alike. To this end, we have applied the contingent valuation method (CVM), an economic technique of for valuing a environmental and non-market goods such as a coral reef. A national face-to-face survey of 1,000 randomly selected households was conducted in order to determine the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving coral reefs. A one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) model was adopted to interpret WTP responses, and a spike model was employed to deal with zero WTP responses. The results show that the conservation value of a coral reef can be estimated at 3,016 won per household per year, statistically significant at the 1 % level. Expanding values to the national population gives an annual value of 58.9 billion won. We can conclude that the public is willing to pay a significant amount to conserve coral reefs.

정부는 기후변화로 인하여 변화하고 있는 해양생태계를 보전하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 정부는 해양생태계를 보전하고 관리하기 위하여 보호대상해양생물 77종을 지정하여 특별히 관리하고 있다. 산호의 경우 해양생태계를 예측할 수 있는 중요한 생물군 중 하나이며, 해양생물에게는 서식지를 제공하는 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 인간의 다양한 활동으로 인해 산호는 위협받고 있으며, 이에 대한 보전과 관리가 시급하다. 따라서 산호의 가치를 평가하여 이해하는 것은 정책 입안자 및 일반 대중 모두에게 산호의 지속적인 관리의 혜택을 입증 할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조건부 가치측정법을 적용하여, 국내 대표 산호군락지인 문섬 등 주변해역 생태계보호구역 내 산호군락지의 보전가치를 평가해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 전국 1,000가구를 대상으로 일대일 개별면접을 실시하여, 문섬 등 주변해역 생태계보호구역 내 산호군락지의 보전을 위한 대중의 지불의사를 평가하였다. 질문법으로 1.5경계 양분선택형 모형을 활용하였으며, 0의 WTP를 처리하기 위해 스파이크 모델을 적용하였다. 그 결과 문섬 등 주변해역 생태계보호 구역 내 산호군락지의 보전을 위한 가구당 연간 평균 WTP는 3,016원이었으며, 유의수준 1 %에서 통계적으로 유의했다. 이 값을 모집단 전체로 확장하면, 문섬 등 주변해역 생태계보호구역 내 산호군락지의 보전가치가 연간 589억원으로 계산된다. 본 연구는 산호군락지 보전을 위해 국민들이 상당한 금액을 기꺼이 지불 할 의향이 있다고 판단하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmed, M., G. M. Umali, C. K. Chong, M. F. Rull and M. C. Garcia(2007), Valuing Recreational and Conservation Benefits of Coral Reefs the Case of Bolinao, Philippines. Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.08.010
  2. Ahn, S. E. and D. H. Bae(2014), The Economic Value of Freshwater Ecosystem Services Based on the Evidences from the Environmental Valuation Information System, Environment Policy, Vol. 22, No. 22, pp. 27-54.
  3. Arin, T. and R. A. Kramer(2002), Divers' Willingness to Pay to Visit Marine Sanctuaries: An Exploratory Study, Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 45, No. 2-3, pp. 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00049-2
  4. Arrow, K., R. Solow, P. R. Portney, E. E. Leamer, R. Radner and H. Schuman(1993), Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation, Washington, DC : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Register, Vol. 58, pp. 4601-4614.
  5. Barreiro, J., M. Sanches and M. Viladrich-Grau(2005), "How Much Are People Willing to Pay for Silence? A Contingent Valuation Study," Applied Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 1233-1246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500123234
  6. Bateman, I. J., I. H. Langford, A. P. Jones and G. N. Kerr(2001), Bound and Path Effects in Double and Triple Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation, Resource and Energy Economics, Vol. 23, pp. 191-213.
  7. Brander, L. M., P. Van Beukering and H. S. Cesar(2007), The Recreational Value of Coral Reefs: A Meta-analysis, Ecological Economics, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.11.002
  8. Brent, R. J.(1995), Applied Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 1-469.
  9. Carson, R. T. and T. Groves(2007), Incentive and Informational Properties of Preference Questions, Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 181-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-007-9124-5
  10. Casey, J. F., C. Brown and P. Schuhmann(2010), Are Tourists Willing to Pay Additional Fees to Protect Corals in Mexico?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 557-573. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903513079
  11. Cesar, H., P. Van Beukering, S. Pintz and J. Dierking (2003), Economic Valuation of the Coral Reefs of Hawaii, Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, US, pp. 1-123.
  12. Cesar, H. S. and P. van Beukering(2004), Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawai'i', Pacific Science, 58(2), pp. 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2004.0014
  13. Choa, J. H. and J. B. Lee(2000), Bioecological Characteristics of Coral Habitats around Moonsom, Cheju Island, Korea I. Environment Properties and Community Structures of Phytoplankton, The Sea, 5(1), pp. 59-69.
  14. Cooper, J. C.(1994), A Comparison of Approaches to Calculating Confidence Intervals for Benefit Measures from Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Surveys, Land Economics, pp. 111-122.
  15. Cooper, J. C., M. Hanemann and G. Signorello(2002), One-and-one-half-bound Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 742-750. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302760556549
  16. Cultural Heritage Administration(2017), JeJu soft coral community, http://www.heritage.go.kr.
  17. Deloitte Access Economics(2017), The Economic, Social and Icon Value of the Great Barrier Reef, pp. 1-12.
  18. Edwards, P. E.(2009), Measuring the Recreational Value of Changes in Coral Reef Ecosystem Quality in Jamaica: The Application of Two Stated Preference Methods, University of Delaware, pp. 1-290.
  19. Failler, P., E. Petre and J. Marechal(2010), Total economic value of coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds of the Martinique, Economics and Finance, 15, pp. 2-23.
  20. Fonseca, C. E.(2009), The Value of Fijian Coral Reefs by Nonusers: a Contingent Valuation Study to Investigate Willingness-to-pay for Conservation, Understand scale/Magnitude of Reef Problems and Provide Tools for Practitioners (Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology), pp. 1-235.
  21. GCRMN(2008), Statu S of Coral reefs of the World: 2008, pp. 1-304.
  22. Hanemann, M., J. Loomis and B. Kanninen(1991), Statistical Efficiency of Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 1255-1263. https://doi.org/10.2307/1242453
  23. Hyun, S. H., H. S. Park and S. H. Kim(2003), Geochemical elements in coral skeleton: potential proxies for the earth climatic changes and oceanic pollution, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 119-131.
  24. Institute for Climate Change Action(2010), Climate change accelerates Australian coral reef bleaching, http://climateac tion.re.kr/.
  25. Jeju Special Self-Governing Province World Heritage Head Office(2016), Monitoring and Improvement of Coral Community in Jeju Coastal Area, pp. 1-117.
  26. Kang, J. C., C. H. Hong, S. C. Kim and S. P. Ryu(2015), Benthic Succession and Design of Marine Blocks for Jeju Soft Coral and Seaweed, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Technology, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 549-557.
  27. Kim, J. H., R. H. Kim, H. J. Youn, S. W. Lee, H. T. Choi, J. J. Kim, C. R. Park and K. D. Kim(2012), Valuation of Nonmarket Forest Resources, Journal of Korean Society of Forest Recreation, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 9-18.
  28. Kim, J., S. Y. Lim and S. H. Yoo(2017), Measuring the economic benefits of designating Baegnyeong Island in Korea as a marine protected area, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(3), March, pp. 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1232318
  29. Kim, J. H., H. J. Kim and S. H. Yoo(2018), A cost-benefit analysis of restoring the ecological integrity of Jeonju stream, Korea, Water and Environment Journal, accepted in January 2018, in press.
  30. Krinsky, I. and A. L. Robb(1986), On approximating the Statistical Properties of Elasticities, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 68, pp. 715-719. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924536
  31. Kristrom, B.(1997), Spike Models in Contingent Valuation, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 79, pp. 1013-1023. https://doi.org/10.2307/1244440
  32. Kwon, Y. J., S. H. Yoo and S. H. Park(2013), Assessment of the environmental value of the Geum-river estuary, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 19(5), pp. 417-429. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2013.19.5.417
  33. Lee, J. B., J. H. Choa, D. W. Kang, Y. B. Go and B. C. Oh(2000), Bioecological Characteristics of Coral Habitats around Moonsom, Cheju Island, Korea II. Community Dynamics of Phytoplankton and Primary Productivity, Annual Report, 14, pp. 19-31.
  34. Lee, C. K.(2013), Estimating the Preservation Value of Dokdo: Using Two Stage Contingent Valuation Method, Journal of Tourism Sciences, 37(4), pp. 117-139.
  35. Lim, S. Y., S. J. Jin and S. H. Yoo(2017a), The Economic Benefits of the Dokdo Seals Restoration Project in Korea: A Contingent Valuation Study, Sustainability, 9(6), p. 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9060968
  36. Lim, S. Y., S. Y. Park and S. H. Yoo(2017b), The environmental conservation value of the Saemangeum open sea in Korea, Sustainability, 9(11), November, 2036. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9112036
  37. Lim, S. Y., H. Y. Kim and S. H. Yoo(2013), The External Benefit of Combustible Waste-to-Energy: A Contingent Valuation Study. Journal of Energy Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 270-282. https://doi.org/10.5855/ENERGY.2013.22.3.270
  38. Mathieu, L. F., I. H. Langford and W. Kenyon(2003), Valuing Marine Parks in a Developing Country: A Case Study of the Seychelles, Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 373-390.
  39. McFadden, D.(1994), Contingent Valuation and Social Choice, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 76, pp. 689-708. https://doi.org/10.2307/1243732
  40. Mohamed, M.(2007), Economic valuation of coral reefs: a case study of the costs and benefits of improved management of Dhigali Haa, a marine protected area in Baa Atoll, Maldives, pp. 1-163.
  41. National Assembly Budget Office(2008), Non-Market Value Study: Environmental Resources, pp. 1-85.
  42. National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea(2015), A study on the monetary valuation of endangered marine species (I): The case of Ellobium chinense, pp. 1-138.
  43. Ngazy, Z., N. Jiddawi and H. Cesar(2004), Coral Bleaching and the Demand for Coral Reefs: A Marine Recreation Case in Zanzibar. In these Proceedings, pp. 118-125.
  44. NOAA(2017), NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, https://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcorals/values/.
  45. Park, S. Y., S. Y. Lim and S. H. Yoo(2016), The Economic Value of the National Meteorological Service in the Korean Household Sector: A Contingent Valuation Study. Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 9, p. 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8090834
  46. Park, S. Y. and S. H. Yoo(2016), TThe Total Economic Value of Soil in Korea, Journal of Soil Groundwater Environmental, 21(6), pp. 156-168. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2016.21.6.156
  47. Polak, O. and N. Shashar(2013), Economic Value of Biological Attributes of Artificial Coral Reefs - ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 70, pp. 904-912. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst014
  48. Ransom, K. P.(2008), Economic Valuation of Coral Reefs at MOMBASA Marine National Park and Reserve, Kenya. European Masters in Water and Costal Management, University of Plymouth School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, pp. 1-53.
  49. Seenprachawong, U.(2004), An Economic Analysis of Coral Reefs in the Andaman Sea of Thailand. Economic Valuation and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral Reefs, Penang, Malaysia. In WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings, Vol. 70, pp. 79-83.
  50. Shim, G. W.(2012), Estimating the Economic Value of Environmental Resources for Systematic National Park Management : A Case of Jirisan National Park, ournal of Korean Society of Forest Recreation, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 121-126.
  51. Son, H. G. and S. B. Kim(2010), A Study on Conservative Value Evaluation for Landscape of the Rural Toruism Villages, Journal of Agricultural Extension and Community Development, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 897-918.
  52. Spurgeon, J., T. Roxburgh, S. O'gorman, R. Lindley, D. Ramsey and N. Polunin(2004), Economic Valuation of Coral Reefs and Adjacent Habitats in American Samoa, Final Report, pp. 1-109.
  53. Statistics Korea(2015), Household projections for Korea, www.kosis.kr.
  54. Tamayo, N. C. A., J. A. Anticamara and L. Acosta-Michlik(2018), National Estimates of Values of Philippine Reefs' Ecosystem Services, Ecological Economics, Vol. 146, pp. 633-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.12.005
  55. Van Beukering, P.(ed.)(2006), Economic Value of the Coral Reefs of Saipan Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Report, Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting under funding from the US Department of the Interior and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC, pp. 1-153.
  56. Van Beukering, P., W. Haider, M. Longland, H. Cesar, J. Sablan, S. Shjegstad, B. Beardmore, Y. Liu and G. O. Garces(2007), The Economic Value of Guam's Coral Reefs, University of Guam Marine Laboratory Technical Report, No. 116, pp. 1-102.
  57. Yeo, B. H.(2004), The Recreational Benefits of Coral Reefs: A Case Study of Pulau Payar Marine Park, Kedah, Malaysia, Economic Valuation and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral Reefs, pp. 108-117.

Cited by

  1. The Restoration Value of Coral Communities in Korea vol.21, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2018.21.3.149