• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

This study is to identify the psychological effect of make-up, to examine women's tendency toward make-up and to figure out relationships between their psychological properties and its functions. This study has verified that makeup has a positive effect on their interpersonal relationships, psychological reaction and self- confidence as well as it meets their fundamental aesthetic needs. And further studies about psychological reason why they wear makeup need to be made. Makeup has an effect on their looks and it has a psychological effect of being able to decorate and move their mind. finally, it is anticipated that the study for psychological approach to makeup could contribute on the study for positive makeup treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 스마트 미러 사용자의 얼굴 인식, 표정 인식, 얼굴형 인식을 활용하여 감정에 적절한 멘트와 화장법을 제공하는 시스템의 개발 내용에 관해 기술한다. 이 시스템을 사용함으로써 사람들은 자신의 감정을 정확하게 인지할 뿐만 아니라 위로와 공감을 받을 수 있으며, 자신의 스타일에 적절한 화장법을 추천받을 수 있다. 스마트 미러를 통해, 사용자는 자기 이해도가 늘어나게 되어 스스로에게 더욱 집중할 수 있고 화장법을 찾는 시간이나 화장에 실패할 가능성이 줄어들어 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있게 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.228-241
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• 2021

Cremated archaeological bones provide crucial information to unravel the details of ancient cremation events and funeral culture. The research on cremated bones to date has been mainly focused on extracting archaeological information in Korea. Recently, the techniques of physical anthropology have been applied to obtain biological information and cremation temperatures for individuals. This study analyzed human remains excavated from Seoul Seokchon-dong Ancient Tombs and determined whether there were human cremations as well as the estimated cremation temperatures. There was no trace of fire in the pits where cremated bones were found; therefore, it is assumed that they were deposited with the artifacts. In this study, four samples were selected according to the surface color of the bones, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for analysis. All four of the Seokchon-dong cremated bones were found, based on the crystallization index of X-ray diffraction analysis, to have experienced cremation above the temperature of 700℃. Infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the four bones from Seokchon-dong were cremated at temperatures above 700℃ and below 1,000℃. IR peaks were observed at 700℃, whereas no changes were found when bones experienced more than 1000℃. We assume that the cremated people in the Seokchon-dong Tombs were people of high-status because cremation at such a high temperature at that period required much effort. Here we present significant evidence of the cremation status and temperature of archaeological human bones on the basis of XRD and FT-IR, allowing for the restoration of the cremation events and funeral culture in archaeological sites.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.546-555
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of the bogie-type crematory, which is the mainstream of domestic crematory equipment. A field scale technology was investigated via increasing the volume by changing the shape of the furnace and reducing the cremation time and saving the energy usage through the optimization of burner combustion control. First, the optimized structural design through thermal flow analysis increases the volume of the main combustion chamber by about 70%, which increases the residence time of the combustion flue gas. A designed pilot crematory was then installed and the combustion behavior was tested under various operating conditions and the optimum operating plan was derived from for each furnace shape. Based on the results, the practically applicable crematory was designed and installed at Y crematorium in the P City. Optimal combustion conditions could be derived through operating the demonstration crematory furnace. The crematory time and fuel consumption could be minimized by increasing the energy efficiency by increasing the residence time of high temperature combustion flue gas. In other words, the crematory time and fuel consumption were 38 min and $21.8Nm^3$, respectively which were shortened by 44.1 and 54.4% lower than that of the existing crematory, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 1999

The history of make-up can go back to the beginning of human being and it can’t be separated from women’s life. The change of history and women's position have given make-up different form and meanings. So make-up becomes another text which can read social·cultural specialty. This study has tried to find out make-up as women culture for women have experienced make-up in a specific situation for a long time and a suit of make-up experience from self-retrospect and made an open channel for women and this paper checked out the possibility of alternative make-up culture. This research used new audience theory of cultural studies which is used for communication study and studied active meaning-construction process and its resistance pleasure. This study saw women as independent subjects not passive victims and how make-up has been different meanings in women’s life. And what pleasure is made and how the way of resistance made constructed in the regulation of make-up.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2008

According to the previous studies about Shilla's cremate grave, in the process of importing the cremate grave, there has been correlation with Chinese Buddhism, and there have been a lot of mentions about the change of the grave, Yinwha(Stamp) patterns and its existence, and about the characteristics of the vessels to contain the bones. The cremate grave is categorized into two-parts type and mono-type, depending on the dead person. The cremate graves that are in local areas such as Wang-Gyeong, show difference in types. The typical vessel to contain the bones, called "Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho" is again proved to have existed from A.D 8c. ~ A.D 9c., judging from the Yinwha pattern stamp's existence. Yet, the Yeongyeol Gori Yoogaeho from 9th century used the patternless pottery, also seen from the Won-wha 10 yeon-myeong cremate grave. Due to the prosperity of Buddhism, when the "Mukuchonggwang Taranikyong(Sutra)", translated into Han language in 704 at Dang, was imported into Shilla, the funeral ceremonies of Shilla people changed from making cremate graves with vessels or scattering the bones in oceans, into building stupas in temples with hopes and wishes to bring oneself and family's fortune and the next life of the dead. As a result, the meaning of "Grave" disappeared for the cremate graves, and rather the ceremony changed into scattering bones and wishing fortunes for the dead person. In other words, the ancestor-worship ceremony which was focused on the tomb changed into commemorating the ancestors and wishing individual fortunes by the religious assembly in temples and the building process of stupas. In conclusion, this social change was the cause of the extinction of stone chamber with tunnel entrance and the tombs such as cremate grave.

• CRM연구
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

Due to the nature of teenage students' common tendency of being drawn to consumption conformity engendered by popular trends, and further expanding their unique collectivist culture, this study presumes that middle and high school female students as well have an influential factor that creates their distinctive trait. This study is intended to investigate the students' personal characteristics and effects of social reference groups, and further scrutinize how these influences transcends to deviant make-up behaviors. A total of 297 subjects, middle and high school female students, participated in a survey, using questionnaires focused primarily on the degrees of color makeup and the influences imposed by classmates. The findings of the study are as follows. First, regarding makeup behavior displayed by middle and high school female students, social self-esteem had positive influence on innovation and peer pressure. Second, perceived visibility conversely had negative impacts on innovation and peer pressure. This indicates that if perceived visibility is at a salient level, this already signifies lack of innovation. Third, makeup innovation and peer pressure demonstrated by middle and high school students all showed positive influence on their makeup behaviors. Additionally, peer pressure, in comparison to innovation, had greater influence on makeup behaviors, which indicates that peer pressure play a great role in makeup behavior of middle and high school students. Fourth, makeup behaviors showed strong impacts on makeup satisfaction and rendering deviant behaviors, which indicates that a new direction and perspective regarding middle and high school students' makeup behavior is critical.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

In this paper, we introduce a method to synthesize realistic make-up effects on input images efficiently. In particular, we focus on shading on the make-up effects due to the lighting and face curvature. By doing this, we can synthesize a wider range of effects realistically than the previous methods. To do this, the information about lighting information together with the normal vectors on all pixels over the face region in the input image. Since the previous methods that compute lighting information and normal vectors require relatively heavy computation cost, we introduce an approach to approximate lighting information using cascade pose regression process and normal vectors by transforming, rendering, and warping a standard 3D face model. The proposed method consumes much less computation time than the previous methods. In our experiment, we show the proposed approximation technique can produce naturally looking virtual make-up effects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.475-489
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the make-up culture of women by disclosing attitudes of make-up as to whether there will be differences or not according to personal weight interests & self-image. The study was performed with 218 consecutive women between the ages of 30 and 50 over 2 months from April 10th, 2012 till May 30th, 2012. The results were as follows. First, regarding make-up attitudes according to concerns of weight interests and self-image, there is no difference of make-up attitude by sophisticated image and pure image in case of weight concern. But there is a significant difference of make-up attitudes by concerns of weight interests in activities image. Second, highly populated group of sophisticated image, pure image, and active image has more activities of make-up attitudes. The higher concerns of appearance and the higher self-image, there was more positive attitude of make-up. Third, highly populated group of pure image and active image has more positive attitude of make-up in case of higher physical attractiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.298-303
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• 2001

화장품은 그 어떤 제품보다도 소비자가 사용 시 느끼는 관능특성 및 그에 대한 만족도가 중요한 제품이다. 자연스러우면서도 가벼운 메이컵이 유행함에 따라 페이스 파우더를 사용하는 소비자의 비중이 높아지고 그에 따라 다양한 관능특성을 가진 페이스 파우더들이 개발되고 있다. 사전 조사에 따르면 페이스 파우더 사용자들의 사용이유는 자연스러운 화장 및 가벼운 화장, 화사해 보임(블루밍 효과) 등이 주를 이루며 페이스 파우더 사용 시에 주요하게 느끼는 관능특성으로는 파우더 입자에 관한 사항과 화장상태에 관한 사항이 동시에 고려되는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 평상시에 페이스파우더를 주로 사용하는 여성들을 대상으로 다양한 페이스파우더들을 실제 화장단계에 따라 사용하면서 인지되는 페이스 파우더의 관능특성들을 도출하게 한 결과 중 19가지 관능특성 평가 용어가 도출되었으며 이 용어들은 다시 입자 및 도포 요인/촉촉함 및 매트함 요인/색상 및 블루밍 요인의 세가지 요인으로 분류되었다. 이러한 페이스파우더의 주요 관능특징요인과 소비자들이 중요하게 생각하는 관능특성을 적절히 조합하여 각각의 소비자군들이 선호하는 관능속성의 제품을 설계하고 평가할 수 있는 평가방법을 개발하였고 주후 제품개발에 활용하고자 한다.