• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of satllower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed yoghurt on osteoporosis. Sham-operated rats(control) were fed basal diet for 6 weeks. Ovariectomized rats were divided into 6 different experimental groups including basal diet group(G I), yoghurt diet group(G II) and 1% to 4% safflower seed yoghurt diet group(GIII to GVI). and fed with the experimental diet for 6 weeks, respectively. The feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and body weight gains of rats fed with the experimental diet for 6 weeks were analyzed, respectively, and the weight. length, strength, mineral content and density in left femur of the animals were determined, respectively. Also, the right femur tissues were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The level of feed intake was not different among all experimental groups. The feed efficiency ratio and body weight gain were high in safflower seed yoghurt groups, and GV and GVI appeared high specially. Density, strength, ash content and minerals content in left femur were similar between control and G I, and increased with increasing the amount of satllower seed in yoghurt. On the other hand, weight and length in left femur showed no difference among all experimental groups. From the results of SEM observation of right femur tissue, GVI showed high healing effects. From the results of this experiment the healing effects of satllower seed yoghurt diet group were higher than those of control and G I. Among the treatments, GVI showed the highest healing effects on the osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.449-456
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• 2004

Phytoestrogens derived from plants and foods, which are diphenolic compounds with structural similarities to natural and synthetic estrogens, have been shown to estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions. Particularly, recent study revealed that phenolic compounds in safflower seed, such as serotonin derivatives, lignans and flavonoids, could be acted as phytoestrogens. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract (SID C.SE), therefore, are receiving a renewed interest as potential therapeutic source against skin wrinkles induced by estrogen deficiency. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-wrinkle effect of SID C.SE on normal human fibroblasts through the expression of type I procollagen and UVA-induced MMP-1 in vitro. The SID C.SE increased the type I procollagen expression, comparable to trans-retinol and reduced UVA-induced MMP-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The clinical study indicated that cream group treated with $0.1\%$ SID C.SE significantly reduced a skin wrinkles, as compared with a control (non-treated cream group) (p<0.05). These results suggest that the safflower seed extract may be useful as potential source of anti-wrinkle cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristic of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and to assess its total phenol content, total flavonoids content and antimicrobial activity. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrates of the Carthamus tinctorius L. seed were 5.58, 37.16, 13.69, 3.52, and 40.05%, respectively. Total amino acid in Carthamus tinctorius L. seed was 391.99 mg%. The major free sugar of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed were fructose(3.29%) and sucrose(1.74%). Linoleic acid(79.46%) was a major fatty acids in the crude fat of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed. The K and Ca contents were the highest in Carthamus tinctorius L. seed. Total phenol and total flavonoids contents of the ethanolic extract were $55.52{\pm}0.99$ mg GAE/g and $78.69{\pm}0.91$ mg QE/g, respectively. The extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. seed showed growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escheria coli, Candida albicans, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Clustridium perfringens. These results indicate that the Carthamus tinctorius L. seed extract can inhibit food pathogen associated with total phenol and total flavonoids contents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2004

Volatile components in flower and seed of safflower were identified. Volatile flavor compounds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method using Likens and Nickerson's extraction apparatus. Concentrated extract was analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry. Main volatile components in flower were terpene compounds, including p-cymene, limonene, ${\alpha}-phellandrene$, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, camphor, 4-terpineol, selinene, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, torreyol, ${\beta}-eudesmol$, and 10 acids including 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and acids of $C_{2},\;C_{5}-C_{11}$. Main volatile components in seed and safflower were 20 aldehydes including hexanal (7.17%), (E)-2-heptenal (1.10%), (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-308
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• 2015

Aim of this study is to identify dyestuff of the Dallryeong(official's robe in Joseon Dynasty, 16th century) excavated from Yuryang-dong, Cheonan, in 1996. For this purpose, extracted dyestuffs from Dallryeong fabric and from natural dyestuffs for red color(safflower, Sapanwood, Madder) which are presumed to have been used in the Dallryeong, are analyzed and compared by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). As a result, HPLC chromatogram of extracts of the Dallryeong's dyestuff and safflower are showed a peak at 17.5 minutes. The UV/Vis spectra of the samples are showed the maximum absorption wavelength at 519nm. This result is identical with the analysis of the previous studies on red dyestuff of safflower. In addition, the analysis of Mass Spectrometry(MS) showed the identical result of the peak with m/z 910. Following these results, excavated pink Dallryeong were considered to have been dyed with safflower.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2003

홍화의 식품재로로서 이용성을 높이고자 홍화의 부위별 성분분석 및 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 조사하였다. 단백질은 어린싹 부위에 28.39%, 지방은 씨 부위에 20.47%로 많이 함유되어 있었다. Glucose는 어린싹에 1,253.6 mg%, fructose는 이린싹에 970.7 mg%, sucrose는 꽃봉오리 부위에 912.0 mg%로 많이 함유되어 있었다, Succinic acid는 꽃잎 부위에 2,795.3 mg%, malic acid는 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,054.8 mg%와 934.2 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. 무기질로는 K이 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,826.8 mg%와 l1999.8 mg%, Ca 또한 잎과 어린싹 부위에 각각 2,613.6 mg%와 1160.9 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. 불포화지방산인 linoleic acid는 어린싹과 씨 부위에 각각 80.01%와 78.21%로 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 총페놀함량은 꽃잎, 어린싹, 잎 부위에 각각 5.8%, 4.4% 및 2.5%, 총플라보노이드 함량은 꽃잎, 어린싹, 잎 부위에 각각 4.7%, 6.5% 및 2.0%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. Serotonin(5-bydrnxyoyptamine, 5-HT)화합물인 serotonin-I은 홍화씨 부위에 147.7 mg%, serotonin-II 또한 홍화씨 부위에 155.4 mg%를 함유하고 있었고, flavonoid화합물인 acacetin도 홍화씨 부위에 116.5 mg%을 함유하고 있었다. 또한, luteolin은 어린싹 부위에 388.3 mg%, luteolin 7-glucoside은 잎 부위에 692.3 mg%로 많이 함유하고 있었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 꽃잎과 잎의 80% 에탄을 추출물이 114.2%와 113.6%의 높은 활성을 나타내어 기존의 합성항산화제인 BHA 100 ppm 농도의 88.05%의 활성 보다 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of safflower powder on the characteristics of kimchi. Quality indexes were pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar content, microbial counts, and sensory evaluation. Safflower powder enhanced the decrease in pH and increase in titratable acidity during fermentation at l0$^{\circ}C$, and the changes were more conspicuous until 15 days. Stabilized levels in pH was attained, but steady increase in titratable acidity was shown after that time. Microbial loads of total and lactic acid bacteria showed a faster stationary phase for kimchi samples with safflower powder than control. Control was better scores in sensory evaluation, but there were no significant differences in aroma and taste except sample with 3% safflower powder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin depigmentation effect of the extracts of three herbs, Carthamus tinctorius seed, Cyperus rotundus and Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Their effects on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory action were assessed. We found that the C. tinctorius seed ethanol extracts reduced the tyrosinase activity and melanin formation of B16F10 melanoma cells. The C. tinctorius seed suppressed the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2) in B16F10 melanoma cells. These results show that C. tinctorius seed inhibited melanogenesis on the B16F10 melanoma cell. The underlying mechanism of C. tinctorius seed whitening activity may be the inhibition of tyrisinase, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression. The results suggested that C. tinctorius seed has considerable potential as a natural functional ingredient with a depigmentation effect.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Safflower Yangengs were prepared with composite dried powder of small red bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.) containing various ratios of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder sifted through 20, 35, 45 and 60 mesh size and kinds of mixed water, their cooking characteristics were evaluated. Water content and water activity of cooked products were increased as the content and sieve mesh number of safflower seed powder increasing from 5%, 20 mesh to 20%, 60mesh, respectively. Color values of yangeng were increased in green tea extract mixed water. Rheological properties of yangengs were measured by compression test with texture analyzer, as results, hardness and fracturability increased that were shown in high content and high mesh number sifted safflower seed powder, but adhesiveness and springiness decreased, respectively. From the sensory evaluation test for yangeng, sensory scores were good scores in more mesh number sifted powder addition, especially overall acceptance, texture and fracturability. The 45mesh and 15% powder added yangeng was noted as having high sensory scores and preferable acceptability in sensory evaluation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

The therapeutic effect of safflower seed powder on experimental osteoporosis in the rat induced by ovariectomy was evaluated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at the age of 12 weeks. Seven weeks postovariectomy, rats were divided into two groups: control and safflower seed powder treated group. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at the following time points: 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Scanning electron microscopic observation and morphometric analysis of the tibiae epiphysis showed that the administration of safflower seed powder significantly prevented reduction of cortical bone width and bone volume compared with the control group. In conclusion, safflower seed powder contains something that prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency, and was effective in preventing the osteoporotic decrease of bone mass.