• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 2012년부터 2013년까지 월동작물로 재배되는 총체밀에 콩과작물의 혼파재배와 우분시용이 작물의 생산성과 사료가치를 평가함으로써 단위면적당 가축사육능력을 추정하고자 시험은 분할구 집구로 배치한 3반복으로 주구는 총체밀 단파, 총체밀과 헤어리베치 혼파 및 사료용 완두 혼파를, 세구에는 우분 4수준으로(0, 50, 100 및 150 kg N/ha) 시험이 실시되었다. 총체밀의 연간 건물수량은 지역 시험구 비교에서는 경주 시험구가 경산과 영주 시험구보다 높게 나타났으며, 경주 시험구에서 시험구별 단 혼파 비교에서는 헤어리베치 혼파구가 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 우분 시용수준에 따른 건물은 전 시험구에서 시 용수준이 높을수록 증가하였고 ha당 100, 150 kg 수준에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 사료작물의 사료가치 평가에서 조단백질 함량은 콩과작물의 월동이 가능한 시험구에서는 총체밀 단파보다는 콩과 혼파구가 높은 경향으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 경산지역에서 총체밀의 가소화양분총량(TDN) 함량은 사료용 완두구가 가장 높았으나(p<0.05), 총체밀 단파구와 유의적 차이는 나지 않았다. 한우 사육능력은 경주 시험구가 ha당 3.83두로 경산 시험구의 ha당 3.11두, 영주 시험구의 ha당 1.35두 보다 높았으며(p<0.05), 총체밀 단파보다는 콩과 작물혼파구가, 혼파구에서는 헤어리 배치가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 경북지역에서 사료가치 증진을 위한 콩과 사료작물 혼파는 겨울철 콩과작물의 월동성을 고려해야 하며, 콩과작물의 월동이 어려운 지역에는 우분을 시용하며, 또한 단위면적당 수량과 단백질 함량 등의 사료가치를 높이기 위해서는 우분 수준을 ha당 100~150 kg 시용과 함께 콩과작물을 혼파하는 것이 가축사육 능력 증대를 기대할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2021

본 연구는 엘크 암사슴(Cervus canadensis)의 사육방식에 따른 사료섭취량, 체중변화 및 자록의 성장에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 적정 방목강도를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 실험에 사용된 공시가축은 3~4년생 엘크 암사슴 16두(평균체중 : 236.2 ± 15.7 kg)를 이용하였으며, 방목초지는 3년 이상된 톨 페스큐 위주의 기성 혼파초지로서 초종구성은 톨 페스큐(약 50%), 오차드그라스(약 10%), 켄터기 블루그라스(약 5%)와 피, 바랭이 등으로 구성되었다. 방목초지의 수분함량은 19.51~22.61%로 방목기간 동안 유사하였으며, 조단백질 함량은 6~7월에 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 조지방과 조회분 함량은 가을로 갈수록 점차 증가하였으며, NDF와 ADF함량은 각각 53.65~60.18%과 26.08~29.10%로 조사되었다. 실험기간동안 보충사료 섭취량은 월별로 처리구 사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 조사료와 총 건물섭취량은 5월을 제외하고 처리구 사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다 (p<0.05). 특히 8월에는 GR처리구의 조사료 섭취량이 급격히 감소하였는데, 여름철 환경변화에 따른 것으로 사료된다. 반면, 9월 포유를 위해 부족한 영양소를 섭취하기 위해 사초섭취량이 급격히 증가하였다. 우리 연구에서 암사슴의 채식패턴은 수사슴과 차이를 보였으며, 이는 실험기간 자록의 이유 및 포유기간에 따른 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험에서 사양방식에 따른 엘크 암사슴의 체중은 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, GR처리구에서 자록의 성장률이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, GR처리구에서 BF처리구에 비해 낮은 이유율이 나타나 분만 전후 사사사육을 통해 이유율을 높여주는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 목지 내에서 분만 시 포유경험이 있는 산차가 높은 암사슴을 이용하고 방목강도를 높여주는 것이 이유율을 향상시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 엘크 암사슴의 방목강도는 연평균 15두/ha로 나타났는데, 이는 다마 암사슴(Dama dama)에 비해서는 체중대비 높게 나타났으나, 엘크 수사슴에 비해서는 낮은 수치를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 기성초지 이용으로 인해 사초의 생산성이 감소한 결과로 사료되며, 앞으로 방목초지의 혼파방법과 기성초지의 비배관리 등을 통해 초지 활용성을 높일 수 있는 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.297-312
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• 2007

본 연구는 제주 초지의 경제적 가치를 평가하여 보전의 타당성 및 정책지원 방안을 제시하기 위해 수행하였다. 경제적 가치를 추정함에 있어 환경적 가치, 사회문화적 가치로 나누어 평가하였으며 환경적 가치는 대체법을 이용하였고 사회문화적 가치평가는 일반적으로 많이 이용되고 있는 CVM 평가법을 적용하였으며 각종 Bias(편의)를 해결하기 위해 가상 상황을 설정하여 질문하는 이단계 이선선택법을 적용하였다. 제주초지의 다원적 기능은 토양침식방지, 홍수방지, 축산분뇨처리, 대기정화 등과 같은 환경적 기능과 사료생산기능 그리고 보건, 휴양, 정서함양 등과 같은 사회문화적 기능이 있다. 이의 경제성을 분석한 결과 제주초지의 연간 다원적 기능가치는 총 $397,115{\sim}418,995$백만원으로 평가되었다. 첫째, 초지의 토양침식방지 효과의 가치평가는 초지의 질소 고정금액과 객토 유실비를 환산하여 평가하였으며 나지 대비 평가액은 $19425{\sim}20,038$백만원이었다. 둘째, 제주도내에서 발생한 축산분뇨 155만4,000톤(2005년) 중 초지에서 처리할 수 있는 총살포 가능량을 해양투기 등의 위탁처리비에 의해 추산하여 계산한 결과 $8,262{\sim}11,016$백만원으로 평가할 수 있다. 셋째, 초지의 대기정화 능력을 평가한 것으로 대기오염의 대표적 물질인 이산화탄소를 흡수하는 량과 산소를 방출하는 량을 산출하여 평가하였다. 대기정화 기능 평가액은 $24,803{\sim}28,586$백만원으로 추산되었다. 넷째, 제주도 초지의 강수량은 우리나라에서 제일 높으며 지구온난화의 영향 등으로 인한 집중호우, 태풍 등 풍수재해가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 초지의 홍수방지 댐의 홍수조절 기능을 기준으로 하여 경제적 가치를 측정하였다. 홍수 조절능력은 ha당 791ton으로 환산하여 추산하였다. 홍수방지 기능의 평가액은 $1,691{\sim}10,723$백만원으로 추산되었다. 다섯째, 초지의 생산성 평가는 제주도 초지의 주초종인 오차드그라스, 페레니얼라이그라스, 톨페스큐 등의 혼파초지의 총생산량을 추정하고, 이의 건물생산량을 제주도에서 유통되는 가격으로 환산하여 평가하였다. 평가액은 $70,493{\sim}76,190$백만원으로 추산되었다. 마지막으로 제주도 초지가 지닌 사회문화적 공익기능, 즉 농촌경관제공기능, 교육 휴양처제공기능, 전서함양기능에 대한 제주 방문객들의 평가는 매우 높았으며 특히 존재가치 및 상속가치가 높아 지속적으로 보전해야만 한다는 의견이 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. 기부금 조성에 찬성하는 사람들에 대해 조사한 결과를 이용하여 제주 초지의 공익적 경제 가치를 계산한 결과에 의하면 '06년 2,724억원으로 '11년에는 3,220억원이 되어 제주 초지의 환경보전 및 사회문화적 공익적 경제 가치는 매년 증가할 것으로 전망되었다. 이와 같이 제주도에서 초지가 존재하므로서 갖는 여러 가지 다원적 기능의 가치는 우리가 평소에 쉽게 평가절하하고 간과하기 쉬운 환경적 요소를 다방면에서 검토하고 조사 분석한 결과로 초지의 중요성을 구체적으로 구명하였다. 정부는 초지의 규제완화를 추진하고 있다. 그러나 초지에 대한 무분별한 개발은 오히려 제주의 환경파괴, 소중한 관광자원의 소실, 수백 년간 가축방목지로 활용되어온 축산기반의 붕괴, 유기축산 실현과 청정 환경을 유지하는 생태자원보고 천혜의 조건을 파괴하늘 것으로 초지의 전용은 미래 세대를 위한 존재가치, 환경보존 및 축산업 유지 등 여러 관점에서 보면 초지를 유지 보전하는 것이 제주도의 관광 상품성을 제고할 수 있어 더 많은 부가가치를 창출할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1989

This experiment 'was conducted to investigate the grazing cattle's palatability by the method of grazing time on the pasture dominated orchardgrass and on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass from June to October, 1987. The experiment was carried out on the experimental field at Livestock Ex- Experiment Station. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In summer, the grazing time on the pasture dominated orchardgrass increased in 49.7 min, 57.4 min, 102 min, 118.7 min, respectively as sward height decreased in 50 cm, 45 cm, 35 cm, 23 cm, respectively and their correlation coefficiet was -0.9722*(P <0.05). 2. In autumn, the grazing time on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass decreased in 182 min, 98.5 min, 49.4 min, 31.9 min, respectively as sward height decreased in 43 cm, 34 cm, 25 cm, 18 cm, respectively and their correlation coefficient was 0.9684*. (P <0.05). 3. Grazing time increased as sward height increased on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass because the composition rate of orchardgrass and red clover which were palatability on the plot of the high sward height.was many. It was suggested that the factor that could be first related to palatability on mixture pasture was the factor of species than the factor of sward height. 4. When the eating rate on the plot of the low sward height was over 55% as the grazing day went by, it gradually decreased because the eating rate on it was high but the fresh yield was low. After all it seemed that it affected palatability because forage availability on the plot of the low sward height was degenerating.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 1991

With a purpose of finding out the effects of cattle slurry applicatioin on the dry matter yield, yield component, and botanical composition in the mixed sward, a field experiment was conducted with two times and five levels of cattle slurry application. The experimental field was laid.out in a split-plot design with three replications, and lasted from September. 1986 to October, 1990 at the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At each harvest time, the plant growth of the plots with cattle slurry application was slightly worse when compared to dressing of mineral fertilizer. 2. Average dry matter yield for 4 years was not significantly different between the slurry application times, just after cutting, and 15 days after cutting, The DM yield in the plot with cattle slurry 30 m!/ha and mineral fertilizer(9,095 kg/ha) and with cattle slurry 60 m1/ha and mineral fertilizer(8, 987 kg/ha) were decreased by 8% and 10% than that of the plot with mineral fertilizer application(9,937 kg/ha), respectively. 3. The DM yield component of the plots with cattle slurry application just after cutting was much better when compared to manuring 15 days after cutting. And it was much better in the plot with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer which was composed of 73.8% grasses(6.636 kg/ha). 24.6% legumes (2,207 kdha) and 1.6% weeds(144 kdha). 4. In general, the botanical composition was relatively good in the plots with slurry application just after cutting. Grassland vegetation of the plots with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer was changed into much better botanical composition with 66.8% grasses, 30.2% legumes and 3. 1% weeds at the end of the experiment.xperiment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to find out the response of orchardgrass (Dactylis glorneruta L.) varieties to grazing at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures on the field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from Sep. 1989 to Oct. 1991. The varieties of orchardgrass used in this experiment were Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. No. 2 as a early maturing type, and Lidacta, Rancho and Syn. No. 10 as a late maturing type. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Herbage utilization of mixture with Hallmark variety(T2) was the highest as 78.2% and that with Rancho variety(T5) was the lowest as 70.2%. but there was no difference(P>0.05). Mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) were higher as 77.4% than those with late varieties(T4, T5 and T6) as 72.9% in herbage utilization. In monocultures Rancho variety(T5) was the highest as 68.6% and Lidacta variety(T4) was the lowest as 58.8%, and mixtures with early maturing varieties(T1, T2 and T3) as 66.6% were higher than those of late(T1, 72 and 73) as 64.6%. 2. The content of crude protein of 6 mixed pastures ranged from 19.7% to 22.8%, and those of ether extracts, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract were 6.6 to 7.5%, 24.9 to 26.2'76, 1 1.5 to 1 1.9% and 33.6-35.4 8, respectively, But there were not different significantly(P>0.05). In monocultures, significant difference by variety was observed in crude protein content(P<0.05). 3. In botanical composition, there was just a little different among 6 mixtures, having 90% or more in grass percentage. The percentages of each orchardgrass varieties were decreased, but those of perennial ryegrasses were increased as grazing sesson was progressed in all treatment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to find out the response of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomrrata L.) varieties to grazing at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures on the field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from Sep. 1989 to Oct. 1991. The varieties of orchardgrass used in this experiment were Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. No. 2 as a early maturing type, and Lidacta, Rancho and Syn. No. 10 as a late maturing type. The results obtained were as follows: I. Heading date of early maturing varieties among orchardgrass like as Potomac, Hallmark and Syn. 2 ranged from May 9 to May 14. Otherwise those of late varieties(Lidacta Rancho and Syn. 10) were between May 21 to May 25. Leaf types of early varieties were shown erect, those of late varieties were erect or semi-erect. 2. In dry matter production per ha, mixture with Rancho variety(T5) was the highest as 7.818 kg and mixture with Hallmark(T2) was the lowest as 7,013 kg. But there was not significantly different(P>0.05) among mixtures. While in monocultures, Syn. 10 variety was the highest(6.626 kglha) and Lidacta was Iowest(5,775 kg). But no difference was found(P>0.05). 3. In mean grass height after grazing, mixtures with early maturing types were higher as 9.8 cm than that of late (8.8cm), and early types were higher as 10.5cm than that of late(9.4cm) in monocultures. But there was no significant difference both mixtures and monocultures.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2001

To establish the recycling system of animal manure(AM) for environmental preservation and improve the utilization of AM, this study was to investigate the effects of the types and nitrogen application rate of AM on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization, nutritive value and an increase of soil fertility and in mixed grassland. This sudy was arranged in split plot design. Main plots were the types of AM(Cattle feedlot manure, CFM; Pig manure fermented with sawdust, PMFS; cattle sluny, CS) and subplots were the application rate of animal manure, such as 100, 200 and 300kgNiha. I. DM yields of herbage were the highest with CS and decreased by application over ZOOkgNiha AM. 2. Crude protein(CP) ontent was the highest with CFM and followed by CS, and the lowest with PMFS, and increased as application rate of AM increased. 3. Nitrogen(N) yields of CS treatment was higher than that of CFM and CS. and increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). 4. The contents of NDF, ADF and TDN was hardly influenced by the types and application rate of AM. 5. Organic matter(0M) content in the soil was the highest with PMFS and followed by CFM and the lowest with CS. OM content increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). 6. Total nitrogen content of the soil was not affected by the type of AM, but increased significantly as application rate of AM increased(P<0.05). (Key words : Animal manure, Grassland, Cattle feedlot manure, Pig manure fermented with sawdust, Cattle slurry, Soil fertility)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed as a randomized block treated with NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK = 28-20-24 kg/lOa), NPK + Water 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 42 ton, LW 28 ton, LW 42 ton and LW 56 ton/lOa at Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1985. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Vegetation of introduced pastures, both in grasses and legumes, was markedly increased in the plots treated with methane-liquid waste. However, heavy application of liquid waste tended to increase of native weeds such as Polygronum spp., Rumex spp. and Lactuca spp. 2. Crude protein contents was increased in the plants applied with liquid waste, but NFE was decreased compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied. The concentrations of crude fat and crude fibre were, however less affected by the fertilizer resource. Among cell-wall constituents, cellulose content was decreased as the liquid waste application rate increased, while hemicellulose showed a negative association. 3. Productivity of the pasture was increased as the liquid waste application rate increased. The highest dry matter yields was obtained in the plot treated with LW 42 ton/lOa by 71 1 kg/lOa, which shows about 71% increments compared with those of chemical fertilizer treated. Net energy yields, both in starch value and NEL, were also markedly increased under liquid waste application. As a results, the optimum application rate of methane-liquid waste was found to be 42 ton in 10 a.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the first harvesting times and regrowth periods after the fist harvest on grass regrowth, dry matter (DM) yield and botanical composition in pasture mixtures during 1987 and 1988. For the test, a split plot design with 3 replications was treated with 3 different first harvesting times (vegetative, stem elongation and heading stage) and 3 different regrowth periods (20, 30 and 40 days) after first harvest. Although the total DM yield of grasses was decreased slightly with earlier cutting, the regrowth DM yield and the regrowth plant height was increased significantly with earlier cutting (p < 0.05). Also, the 30 days of regrowth periods was contributed greatly to the regrowth and the DM yield. The percentage of legumes Tmainly red clover) in botanical composition was increased with later initial harvest anrl longer regrowth period after first harvest. Based on the results, it is suggested that good grass regrowth and seasonal distribution could be achieved by the earlier harvest at fist and the regrowth period of 30 days after first harvest in spring.