• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate rotavirus infection by comparing the clinical characteristics in neonates and infants. Methods: We enrolled 104 neonates and 250 infants wiht gastroenteritis and a rotazyme test positive reaction at the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital from February 2001 to January 2003. Results: The seasonal peaks of infection in infants occurred from February to June. However, in neonates, it occurred from October to December due to nursery outbreaks. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever and convulsions were significant symptoms in infants; however, metabolic acidosis with dehydration, jaundice, irritability, apnea, bloody stool, gastric residual, grunting, poor oral intake, lethargy as well as fever and diarrhea were more common in the neonates. Upper respiratory infection, pneumonia and bronchitis were present in the infants; however, necrotizing enterocolitis was more commonly observed in the in neonates. Among the patients with rotaviral infection, formula feeding was more popular than breast milk feeding in both the neonates and infants; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Rotavirus can be a significant pathogen in neonates as well as infants. Neonates suffering from fever, poor oral intake, lethargy and apnea should be investigated for rotaviral infection. A new vaccine, rotaviral specific immunoglobulin and treatment guidelines are needed for eradicating rotavirus infection. Further studies on isolation, infection pathway, immune response and treatment of rotavirus are needed.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.243-248
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• 2019

The respiratory tract is an essential part of the respiratory system involved in the process of respiration. However, if stenosis occurs, it interferes with breathing and can even lead to death. Asthma is a typical example of a reversible cause of airway narrowing, and the number of patients suffering from acute exacerbation is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is important to detect airway narrowing early and prevent the patient's condition from worsening. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which has high resolution, is suitable for observing the microstructure of tissues. In this study we developed an endoscopic OCT system. We combined a 1300-nm OCT system with a servo motor, which can rotate at a high speed. A catheter was pulled back using a linear stage while imaging with 360° rotation by the motor. The motor was selected considering various requirements, such as torque, rotational speed, and gear ratio of pulleys. An ex vivo rabbit tracheal model was used as a sample, and the sample and catheter were immobilized by acrylic structures. The OCT images provided information about the structures of the mucosa and submucosa. The difference between normal and stenosed parts in the trachea was confirmed by OCT. Furthermore, through a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction process, it was possible to identify and diagnose the stenosis in the 3-D image of the airway, as well as the cross-sectional image. This study would be useful not only for diagnosing airway stenosis, but also for realizing 3-D imaging.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.368-371
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• 2012

The present study evaluated the outcome of use of thoracostomy tube tunneling technique under the latissimus dorsi muscle for the evacuation of postoperative pneumothorax induced by thoracotomy in 11 dogs. A stab incision was made through the skin and the latissimus dorsi muscle over the rib in the fifth intercostal space caudal to a surgical window. The thoracostomy tube with a Kelly hemostat was advanced into the thoracic cavity in a cranioventral direction through the sublatissimal tunnel. After tube placement, a # 1 nylon horizontal mattress suture was placed around the skin incision. The thoracostomy tube was removed after creating a negative pressure in the thoracic cavity. Dogs were monitored after surgery for pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, clinical signs including dyspnea, and tube kinking in a muscle tunnel using physical examination and postoperative radiography. There was no tube kinking in the sublatissimal tunnel in 11 dogs on introducing the tubes into the thoracic cavity. The mean (${\pm}SD$) follow-up period was $19{\pm}10$ months. On postoperative radiography, there was no evidence of pneumothorax in 11 dogs. Subcutaneous emphysema was identified around the stab incision in a dog postoperatively. The subcutaneous emphysema disappeared spontaneously within 3 days. On postoperative physical examination, there was no evidence of dyspnea in 11 dogs. Our results suggest that the sublatissimal tunneling technique for thoracostomy tube placement is effective to prevent air leakage around the thoracostomy tube while the tube remains in the thoracic cavity and along the thoracostomy tunnel after tube removal. Tunneling under the latissimus dorsi muscle should be considered the thoracostomy tube placement technique to prevent iatrogenic pneumothorax with first priority.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

A glomus tumor is composed of modified smooth muscle cells that are similar to those of the glomus body. Its occurrence in the trachea is quite rare. To our knowledge, only 20 cases of glomus tumor of the trachea have been reported worldwide and there has been only 1 case in Korea. We report one case of a 58-year-old man with dyspnea who had a glomus tumor in the upper trachea with a review of literatures. The chest CT scan and bronchoscopy demonstrated a 2.5 cm sized lobulated tumor at the posterior wall of the upper trachea. It had an elongated shape with a broad base and with a highly vascularity. A simple resection of 3 levels of the trachearing was with a tumor and end-to-end anastomosis performed. Microscopic and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor revealed the characteristics of a glomus tumor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.677-684
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• 1995

Background: Broncholithiasis is uncommon but clinically important because it may cause a variety of nonspecific symptoms and signs prior to the onset of lithoptysis, and rarely massive hemoptysis. Method: A retrospective clinical study was done on 11 case of broncholithiasis diagnosed at Kyungpook National University Hospital from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1993. The study investigated the clinical features, radiologic findings, bronchoscopic findings and management. Results: 1) The common symptoms included cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fever and purulent sputum. Lithoptysis occurred in 3 patients. 2) The radiologic findings were variable and nonspecific. Hilar calcification and parenchymal calcification were the most common findings. 3) The bronchoscopy was performed in 10 patients and revealed broncholiths in 9 patients. 4) Chemical composition of broncholiths was analyzed in 2 patients. Calcium carbonate was main component. 5) In 6 out of 9 patients in whom broncholiths was revealed by bronchoscopy, broncholiths were successfully extracted through the flexible bronchoscope. 6) In 9 patients, broncholithiasis was related to tuberculosis and in 1 case, related to silicosis. Conclusion: Broncholithiasis shows a variable clinical spectrum. Tuberculosis is the most common cause of broncholithiasis. In the case of no accompanied complication, nonsurgical management such as bronchoscopic removal and conservative therapy is an effective measure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 2006

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a histological pattern consisting of prominent intra-alveolar fibrin and organizing pneumonia, with out hyaline membranes or prominent eosinophilia. The clinical manifestations of AFOP resemble those of acute lung injury such as acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). However, the classic histological patterns of AFOP differ from diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) or acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). The characteristic intra-alveolar fibrin ball and lack of classic hyaline membrane are the predominant histological features of AFOP. Although some reports suggest that its clinical course is less catastrophic than DAD, the clinical entity that distinguishes AFOP from DAD has not been established. We present a case of pathologically demonstrated AFOP in a 79-year-old man. The radiological findings of our case were similar to those of DAD, presented with diffuse bilateral lung infiltrations. However, despite the rapid development of respiratory failure, the patient had a better response and outcome to steroid therapy than what would be expected for DAD.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.13.3-14
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• 1983

A clinical study was done on 24 cases with foreign body in the air passage, who were treated at the department of otolaryngology of Kyung Hee university hospital during the period from Apr. 1973 to Feb. 1983. The obtained results were as follows : 1) The incidence of sex was much higher in male than female and children under 4 years old were predominant. 2) Almost of all patients came in the hospital within 3 days after onset. However one patient came in hospital 5 months later. 3) The variety of foreign body was numerous, among which vegetables and plastic materials were most frequently found. 4) The most common sites of lodgement were trachea and right main bronchus. 5) The common clinical manifestations were dyspnea, decreasing breathing sound and cough. Negative X-ray findings did not exclude a foreign body in the air passage. 6) The important pulmonary complications due to foreign body were atelectasis, emphysema and pneumonia. 7) Foreign body was successfully removed by use of peroral or inferior endoscopy in all cases except one case, on whom thorachotomy was done. 8) The important complications due to the surgical procedure were decannulation difficulty and pneumothorax.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.79-82
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• 2007

Tracheobronchial rupture due to blunt chest trauma is an uncommon injury although the incidence is increasing. Early diagnosis and primary repair of tracheobronchial rupture not only restore a normal lung function but also avoid the difficulties and complications associated with delayed diagnosis and repair We present one case of the tracheal transsection caused by traffic accident. Patient suffered from progressive dyspnea, subcutaneous emphysema on the neck and anterior chest wall and tension pneumothorax at both sides were noted. Although both closed thoracostomy were done, massive air leakage through the chest tube continued and subcutaneous emphysema spread to the anterior abdominal wall and scrotum and the degree of dyspnea aggravated. With the impression of tracheobronchial injury, we performed the emergency operation. Preoperative bronchoscopy at the operation room was proceeded, which revealed the trachea was near totally transsected in transverse direction. Operation was performed through collar incisiion on the anterior neck, and the trachea was anastomosed with 4-0 $Vicryl^{(R)}$ interruptedly. Postoperative course were uneventful and patient discharged without any complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.508-510
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• 2015

A 7-year-old castrated male Boston terrier dog was referred due to dyspnea and unilateral cervical mass. On physical examination, mass on left submandibular region was palpated. CT findings revealed this case could be the tumor originated from left lingual vein. The client refused further treatment and the patient expired because of respiratory failure 10 days after presentation. On necropsy, a well-defined firm mass which located in the left side of larynx was detected. Histopathological findings for the mass indicated polygonal tumor cells arranged in nest and separated by fibrovascular septa. We performed immunohistochemisry to evaluate of chromogranin A and tumor cells showed positive immunoreactivity for chromogranin A. Based on computed tomography (CT), histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, this case was definitely diagnosed to paraganglioma of the body on the lingual vein. This report describes the clinical findings, CT imaging characteristics, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of paraganglioma arised from lingual vein in a dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2013

An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a chief complaint of chronic nasal discharge and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed pyohemorrhagic nasal discharge, inspiratory dyspnea and stertor, and an enlarged right mandibular lymph node. Abnormalities of blood works and serum chemistry included mildly increased hematocrit, and globulin concentration. Serologic tests for FeLV and FIV, and a panel of polymerase chain reaction tests for Chlamydophila felis, Feline Calicivirus, Herpesvirus, Bordetella, Mycoplasma felis, and H1N1 influenza was all negative. Only radiographic finding showed increasing soft tissue density in the right nasal cavity and computed tomography disclosed soft tissue/fluid opacification in the right nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, and pharyinx along with slight deviation to the right of the osseous nasal septum. Focal lysis of ventral nasal septum was also suspected in CT scan. Cytological evaluation of fine needle aspirate smears of the enlarged mandibular lymph nodes revealed numerous fungal yeasts having variably thick capsule both extracellularly and intracellularly with low numbers of macrophages. Some yeasts showed narrow based budding, which was a consistent finding with Cryptococcus organisms. Serum protein electrophoresis was a polyclonal consistent with chronic infection and serum was submitted for a fungal serology panel test. In serologic tests Cryptococcus antigen titer was 1 : 32,768. In vitro culture was unsuccessful. Treatment was initiated with administration of fluconazole, clindamycin, and tocopherol. Clinical signs resolved within 3 days after the initial treatment. The cat was discharged and scheduled for periodic evaluation and continued therapy, but was lost to follow-up thereafter.