• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.113-114
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• 2003

1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 환경 나노입자는 대표적인 대기오염물질로 알려져 있고, 대기환경뿐만 아니라 호흡기 장애나 암을 유발시키는 등 인체에도 나쁜 영향을 미친다. 그러므로, 공기 중에 부유하는 환경 나노입자의 측정 및 평가는 매우 중요하다. 최근에는 대기 에어로졸의 입경별 질량농도분포 측정에 다단 임팩터가 널리 사용되고 있으며, 신뢰할 수 있는 데이터를 얻기 위해서는 임팩터의 입자채취 특성을 정확히 파악해야 한다.(지준호 등, 2001) 이러한 임팩터는 입자의 관성을 이용하여 입자크기를 분류하므로 주로 크기가 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상인 조대입자의 분류에 사용되었으나, 최근 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 나노입자에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 저압이나 미세 오리피스를 사용하여 미세입자를 분류할 수 있는 임팩터가 개발되어 널리 사용되고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2001

최근 들어 대기오염 연구, 클린룸 및 실내환경 연구, 신물질 제조, 그리고 호흡기 관련 입자 연구 등 여러 산업 분야에서 에어로졸에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 특히 에어로졸의 크기별 밀도분포는 산업 및 국빈 보건 분야에서 매우 중요한 환경 인자로 취급되고 있다. 외국의 경우$^{1.2}$ 레이저나 다른 광원을 이용한 에어로졸 크기 측정연구는 60년대부터 활발히 진행되어 상용화되어 있으나 국내에서는 이에 대한 연구가 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 반도체 레이저를 이용하여 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$에서 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 내의 입자에 대한 크기별 밀도 측정을 다루었다. (중략)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.624-632
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• 2000

Background : Home ventilation can decrease hospital-acquired infection, increase physical activity, improve nutritional status, enhance quality of life, and reduce medical costs. The number of patient using home ventilators has been increasing, particularly in Europe and United States. Although the number of patients with home ventilation has been increasing in Korea, the current status of these patients is not well known. This study was undertaken to obtain basic information upon these patients in addition to evaluating any problems related to patients' home care in our country. Methods : A register of 92 patients with home ventilators in Seoul and Kyunggi Province were obtained from commercial ventilator supply companies. The patients were contacted by phone and 29 of them accepted our visit. Information concerning education about home care before discharge, equipment cost, and problems related to home care were documented. The mode and preset variables of the home ventilator were checked; tidal volume (TV), peak airway pressure, and oxygen saturation were measured. Results : There were 26 males (90%) and their mean age was 48.0 (${\pm}20.1$) years. The underlying diseases were : 21 neuromuscular disorders, 2 spinal cord injuries, 6 chronic lung diseases. Among the caregivers, spouses (n=14) predominated. Education for home care before discharge was performed primarily by intensive care unit nurses and the education for ventilator management by commercial companies. Twenty-five of the 29 patients had tracheostomies. Volume targeted type (VTT ; n=20, 69%) was more frequently used than the pressure targeted type (PTT). Twenty-three of the 29 patients purchased a ventilator privately, which cost 7,450,000 (${\pm}$3,290,000) won for a PTT, and 14,280.000 (${\pm}$3,130,000) won for a VTT. Total cost for the equipment was 11,430,000 (${\pm}$634,000) won. The average cost required for home care per month was 1,120,000 (${\pm}$1,360, 000) won. Conclusion : The commonest underlying disease of the patients was neuromuscular disease. The VTT ventilator was primarily used with tracheostomy. Patients and their families considered the financial difficulties associated with purchasing and maintaining equipment for home care an urgent problem. Some patients were aided by a visiting nurse, however most patients were neglected and left without professional medical supervision.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.96-98
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• 2000

암모니아는 대기 중에서 가장 대표적으로 존재하는 염기성 미량기체로서 SOx나 NOx와 같은 산성기체와 반응하여 대기중 산성도를 중화시키고 2차적 에어로졸을 생성한다. 암모니아가스는 이 반응에 의하여 에어로졸 내에서는 암모늄 이온(${NH_4}^{+}$)으로 존재하게 된다. 산성기체를 중화시킨다는 입장에서 염생성 반응은 산성기체의 제거 기작이 될 수 있으나 이 때 생성된 에어로졸은 주로 PM2.5 이하의 2차적 에어로졸로 존재하여 호흡기장애, 건물 부식, 시정 감소 등의 피해를 주는 오염물질이 된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.321-322
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• 2002

오존(O$_3$)은 강한 산화제로써 광화학 스모그의 주요 원인이 되며, 산화력이 강해 눈을 자극하고, 호흡기 장애를 일으키는 등 인간 건강에 영향을 미치며 식물 및 재산에도 심각한 피해를 주는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 오존농도는 대기 중에서 NOx(NO＋NO$_2$)와 VOCs의 농도 비에 의해 영향을 받는데, 이 비가 작을 경우 오존생성은 NOx 농도에 의해 좌우(controlled)되고 클 경우는 VOCs의 농도에 좌우된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.649-652
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• 2006

폐나, 기관지 등의 호흡기, 기타 장기에는 매우 미세한 크기의 털 형태의 섬모라고 하는 부속기관을 가지고 있다. 점액을 이동시키고 기타 물질들을 배출할 때 유용한 역할을 하는 이 섬모들은 동기화된 패턴으로 진동을 한다. 이러한 움직임은 각각의 종이 가진 특성뿐만 아니라, 같은 종의 현재의 상태에 따라 다양한 특징들을 보여준다. 시약 투여 시 혹은 환경 변화에 따른 생체 반응 등과 같이 다양한 특성 및 반응 연구에 이러한 섬모의 진동 주파수 (Ciliary Beat Frequency, CBF)를 이용하고 있다. 섬모의 진동 주파수 측정에 대해 몇몇 연구가 있어왔으나, 규격화되거나 대표적인 방법은 아직까지 없으며, 각각의 방법마다 잡음에 약하든지, 빠르게 움직이는 섬모의 주파수 측정에 어려움이 있거나, 고비용 시스템 필요 등의 단점들이 있다. 최근 들어 영상 기술의 발달로 영상을 이용한 CBF 측정 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 CCD 카메라로 촬영한 영상을 이용해서 섬모의 영상에서 가중 평균을 응용한 위치 값으로 섬모의 움직임을 추출, FFT를 통해 보다 정확하고 간편하며 좀 더 다양한 영상에 적용시킬 수 있는 CBF 측정 방법을 제시한다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Pasteurella multocida is one of the important animal pathogen causing widespread infections in various domestic animals. In swine, it causes severe respiratory diseases such as atrophic rhinitis and pneumonic pasteurellosis. To develop the efficient subunit vaccine against swine atrophic rhinitis, we investigated protective antibodies and humoral immunity of outer membrane protein H (OmpH) which is one of the major outer membrane proteins in P. multocida. Outer membrane fraction of P. multocida was immunologically detectable using antisera from both mice groups vaccinated by formalin-killed whole cells and by commercial vaccine. The expression vector for production of recombinant OmpH was constructed and the recombinant OmpH was expressed and purified from E. coli. Recombinant OmpH showed high antigenic and immunogenic properties in mice vaccination and ELISA with antisera.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.249-263
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• 2004

Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to establish the exposure monitoring method of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil application to pear and field red pepper by vehicle-mounted sprayer, hand-held sprayer and to assess the risk. Methods and Results: Chlorpyrifos met all of requirements of sampling and analysis method(U.S. EPA), but chlorothalonil met only dermal patch method. Potential dermal and inhalation exposure was evaluated in 42 farmers. Compared with the hand-held sprayer application, vehicle mounted sprayer demonstrated producing relatively lower dermal exposure levels with statistical significance. In dermal exposure during hand-held application, there is no significant difference between pear and red pepper. Conclusions: This results show that application method is the main factor of dermal exposure. There was no statistically significant difference between each group of respiratory exposure level. The margin of safety (MOS) was calculated to assess the risk of pesticide exposure. All Chlorpyrifos MOS values are lower than 0.2, which mean working conditions are unsafe. In order to protect farmers, big efforts to control exposure are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.480-485
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• 2007

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD has systemic effects, such as skeletal muscle dysfunction and abnormal weight loss. It also has been suggested that COPD is related to other chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate a symptom questionnaire and laboratory findings in subjects with air flow limitation. Methods: We evaluated a symptom questionnaire and laboratory findings in subjects with airflow limitation detected by spirometry in conjunction with the Second Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 9,243 adults over the age of 18 were recruited. Among the adults, we finally analyzed 2,217 subjects who met the acceptability and repeatability criteria of spirometry, showed normal findings on chest radiography, and were older than 40 years of age. Results: There were 288 subjects with airflow limitation as determined by spirometry. The frequency of respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum and wheezing were significantly higher in subjects with airflow limitation (p <0.01). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in subjects with airflow limitation (hemoglobin level 13.98 mg/dL vs. 13.62 mg/dL, hematocrit 42.10% vs. 40.89%; p<0.01). The HDL cholesterol level was lower in subjects with airflow limitation (44.95 mg/dL vs. 45.60 mg/dL; p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: In subjects with airflow limitation, prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher than in normal spirometry subjects and the levels of hemoglobin and the hematocrit were higher. The HDL cholesterol level was lower in subjects with airflow limitation.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

There are currently various domestic high-rise construction projects underway. Such projects may maximize the economic impact, and yield other benefits, however, there is also a possibility of fire, terrorism, and other disasters that one may not even imagine. This study of high-rise structures' damage reduction measures the fire-fighting ability of the fire fighters at the scene of an indoor emergency upon entry. In order to identify the practical limitations, the fire fighter entered from the 1st floor to reach the top 54th floor. 1.Time required to reach the top floor without the respirator 2.Time required as well as pressure consumption to reach the top floor with the respirator equipped was measured; based on the results, performable range of operations during a fire fighting activity were presented.