• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

Identification of main ingredients in starches has been investigated using physicochemical analysis method mainly. However, physicochemical properties such as particle size have limitations in determining the differences among mixed starches. Therefore, we developed a molecular biological method to identify materials used in starch, as a sample, 11 kinds of starches including sweet potato starch, potato starch, corn starch, and tapioca starch. DNeasy plant mini kit, magnetic DNA purification system, and CTAB methods were used to extract DNA from samples. After gene extraction, whole genome amplification (WGA) was performed to amplify the extracted DNA. Species-specific primers were used as followings: ib-286-F/ib-286-R (105 bp), Pss 01n-5'/Pss 01n-3' (216 bp), SS11b 3-5'/SS11b 3-3' (114 bp), and SSRY26-F/SSRY26-R (121 bp) gene for sweet potato, potato, corn, and tapioca, respectively. In this study, we could confirm the main ingredients using WGA and PCR method.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

Leather processing sludge were amended in sandy loam soil successively to investigate effects on soil properties and radish crop. Total nitrogen concentration of the sludge was $60\;g\;kg^{-1}$, and chromium was $9,048\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Sludges were treated twice each year for 4 year, and the soils were mixed with sludge to give mixtures equivalent to sludge application rates of 12.5, 25 and $50\;Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ in dry matter. Chemical fertilizers $(N-P-K\;:\;280-59-154\;kg\;ha^{-1})$ used as a control. All treated soils were croped to altari and kimjang radish in spring and fall respectively. Organic matter and Cr content in soils were increased with input rate and years of successive application of leather processing sludge, while phosphorous and potassium contents were decreased. Yields of the first harvested altari grown in sludge treated pots were less than control. In the other hand, yields of the first kimjang radish were more than control in proportion with sludge input rates until third year fall. But in fourth year, all sludge treated pot was much less than control in radish yield. Chromium contents of radish in treated soil increased and Cr contents in leaves of radish were higher than roots. Leather processing sludge was considered a potential hazardous resource to soil and crops when it use continuously, because it has high Cr concentration.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

Selenium exists in various forms of chemical species. The activity and bioavailability is strongly dependent on its chemical form and concentration. Consequently the information on each selenium species and its concentration must be exactly determined for the food we take in. In this study, selenium species in seafood were separated and quantified by RP (reversed phase) HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) coupled with ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) using post-column isotope dilution. $^{79}Br$, which interferes on $^{80}Se$, has mostly been removed by solid phase extraction and then mathematical correction has been applied for the more accurate correction. The experimental result for CRM (certified reference material) DOLT-4 agreed well with the certified value but each selenium species could not be compared. SeCys (selenocysteine) and SeMet (selenomethionine) were the major species detected in seafood such as belt fish, spanish mackerel, and squid that have been serving as Korean diet. The concentrations found in Korean sea food for SeCys and SeMet were in the range of 0-661.6 mg/kg and 137.3-462.7 mg/kg, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2017

The transfer reaction characteristics of tetracycline (TC) across a polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was studied via controlling both pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase in conjunction with cyclic and differential pulse voltammetries. Formal transfer potential values of differently charged TC ionic species at the water/1,2-DCE interface were measured as a function of pH values of the aqueous solution, which led to establishing an ionic partition diagram for TC. As a result, we could identify which TC ionic species are more dominant in the aqueous or organic phase. Thermodynamic properties including the formal transfer potential, partition coefficient and Gibbs transfer energy of TC ionic species at the water/1,2-DCE interface were also estimated. In order to construct an electrochemical sensor for TC, a single microhole supported water/polyvinylchloride-2-nitrophenyloctylether (PVC-NPOE) gel interface was fabricated. A well-defined voltammetric response associated with the TC ion transfer process was achieved at pH 4.0 similar to that of using the water/1,2-DCE interface. Also the measured current increased proportionally with respect to the TC concentration. A $5{\mu}M$ of TC in pH 4.0 buffer solution with a dynamic range from $5{\mu}M$ to $30{\mu}M$ TC concentration could be analyzed when using differential pulse stripping voltammetry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2008

Scale-up production of low-trans fat containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA-TFO) was performed through lipase-catalyzed synthesis. Blend of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, olive oil containing conjugated linoleic acid and palm oil with 1:2:7 ratio was interesterified through Lipozyme RM IM in the 1 L-batch type reactor at $65^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs, and the physicochemical and melting properties of CLA-TFO were compared with conventional (high trans fat) or commercial low-trans fat shortening. The trans fatty acids content in the conventional shortening (48.8 area%) was much higher than that of low-trans shortening (0.4 area%) and CLA-TFO (0.3 area%+CLA; 7.6 area%). Acid, saponification and iodine values of CLA-TFO were 0.4, 173.9 and 59.0, respectively. Their ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents showed 4.7, 1.0 mg/100 g. Differences were observed in the solid fat contents (SFC), melting point of the conventional or low-trans fat and CLA-TFO. Each SFC of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 32.0, 29.3 and 30.4% with melting point of 38.5, 43.0 and $39.5^{\circ}C$ at $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. In texture profile analysis, hardness of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 111.7, 75.2 and 63.8 g.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 1999

The degradation of a fungicide, $^{14}C$-propiconazole, in sterile and nonsterile soil from different depths was investigated. $^{14}C$-propiconazole plus propiconazole standard was treated on the soil at the rate of 7.55 mg/kg and the soil was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks. The amounts of $^{14}CO_{2}$ solvent extractable and non-extractable $^{14}C$, and degradation products of $^{14}C$-propiconazole were investigated during incubation time. The relative amounts of $^{14}CO_{2}$ released in the sterile and nonsterile soils were ranging from 0.7 to 1.3% and from 4.8 to 7.6% of applied $^{14}C$, repectively. The amounts of solvent non-extractable residues in the sterile and nonsterile soils were ranging from 11.2 to 22.1% and from 22.2 to 41.9% of of applied $^{14}C$, repectively. The amounts of solvent non-extractable residues were increased with incubation time and most of $^{14}C$ were detected in the humin fraction. The hydroxylated and ketone compound were confirmed as a degradation products of propiconazole by GC/MS analysis, whereas parent compound was detected in sterile soil, which suggested that propiconazole was not degraded biologically under the sterile soil. From the results of volatilization, mineralization and degradation of propiconazole, propiconazole was stable chemically and bilogically in soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

To develop tofu enhanced nutrition, storage stability and bioactivity, the soft tofu supplemented with red ginseng extract was prepared. Then, quality characteristics including storage stability, physical and chemical property, antioxidative activity, and sensory evaluation were measured. The pH and acidity of control tofu without red ginseng extract were not different from those of tofu supplemented with red ginseng extract during storage. The aerobic bacteria in the control tofu were detected from 10 days of storage whereas the number of total aerobic bacteria was reduced or not detected in the tofu added red ginseng extract during storage. The lightness and redness of the tofu supplemented with red ginseng extract were lower than those of control, but yellowness was higher. The addition of red ginseng extract did not also affect the texture of tofu, and increased lipid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Although the soft tofu manufactured with red ginseng extract showed a lower sensory preference in supplementation over 0.20% due to color, there was not much difference found until 0.18% red ginseng extract addition.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.741-749
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• 2022

Major space agencies are planning for the rover-based lunar exploration since water-ice was detected in permanently shadowed regions (PSR). Although sunlight does not directly reach the PSRs, it is expected that reflected sunlight sustains a certain level of low-light environment. In this research, the indoor testbed was made to simulate the PSR's lighting and topological conditions, to which low light enhancement methods (CLAHE, Dehaze, RetinexNet, GLADNet) were applied to restore image brightness and color as well as to investigate their influences on the performance of feature extraction and matching methods (SIFT, SURF, ORB, AKAZE). The experiment results show that GLADNet and Dehaze images in order significantly improve image brightness and color. However, the performance of the feature extraction and matching methods were improved by Dehaze and GLADNet images in order, especially for ORB and AKAZE. Thus, in the lunar exploration, Dehaze is appropriate for building 3D topographic map whereas GLADNet is adequate for geological investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

X-ray general radiography is the simplest and most important one to get a lot of information. Nevertheless, current x-ray general radiography does not observation in-depth observation. Information about the anatomy of the human body and changes in disease in x-ray general radiography can be obtained but it is difficult to determine the size and shape of the actual lesion due to the disadvantage of expanding the image. In this study, PA and LAT images were acquired and cancer magnification was calculated in the images by measuring the distance of cancer samples. By adjusting the magnification the actual cancer length and thickness were measured and compared with the CT image and the actual cancer sample size. After the PA and LAT images of the inserted 6.0 mm cancer sample were obtained and the magnification was corrected, the length was 5.9 mm and the thickness was 6.1 mm. This value was measured similarly to the actual. The problem of obtaining the magnification that needs to know the actual length from the detector to the cancer sample was secured by obtaining the magnification through PA and LAT images and it is possible to accurately measure the cancer sample size. X-ray general radiography may provide useful information in situations where CT imaging is difficult.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.308-319
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• 2003

Mechanical forces are known to have an effect on bone formation, maintenance and remodeling, and there is evidence that the development of the mandibular condyle in the rat or mouse is influenced by altered functional force. However, studies are lacking in molecular-biologic mechanism such as the identification of differentiation factor induced from functional force. Here a mouse model was used to investigate the functional stress-responsive gene or factors which is related to the altered force by comparing the expression genes of functional state and hypo-functional state of the mouse mandible. ICR mice were provisioned with either a soft, mushy diet (soft-diet group) or hard rat pellets (hard-diet group) beginning at weaning for the alteration of functional force and subsequently sacrificed at 89 days of age. Incisor of mice in group 1 were trimmed twice a week to reduce occlusal forces. After killing the animals, mandibular bone including condyle were collected for RNA extraction, subtractive hybridization, northern blot analysis and mRNA in-situ hybridization. The results as follows; 1. A total of 39 clones were sequenced, and 11 individual sequence types were subsequently identified by subtractive hybridization, as 28 clones were represented twice in the analyzed sets. 2. Consequently four candidate clones, FS-s (functional stress-specific)2, -5, -18, and -22 were identified and characterized by homolgy search and northern analysis. Four of these clones, FS-s2, -5, -18, and -22, were shown to be expressed differentially in the hard-diet group. 3. Histologic sections showed that osteoblastic activity along the bone trabeculae and active bone remodeling were significantly lower in soft than in hard diet animals. A soft diet seems to enable a longer period of endochondral ossification in the mandibular condyle. 4. Although the mRNAs of FS-s2, -5, -18, and -22 were expressed rarely by cells of the soft-diet group, highest expression was detected in the cells of the hard-diet group. Together with the above results, it is suggested that FS-s2, -5, -18, and -22 could act as an important factors controlling the tissue changes in response to functional stress. The exact functional significance of these findings remains to be established.