• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.243-253
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• 2006

As the ocean and beaches have suffered from the losses of sand, it is necessary to monitor the zones that are prone to erosion continuously with the object of the long-term management. However, each ward offices are busy trying to supply sand without analyzing the marine and beach topographic changes. Therefore a long term effect of erosion has not been shown. In this study, we proposed methods to collect accurate spatial data of the oceans and beaches through sounding and GPS surveys, and detected and analyzed topographic changes quantitatively and qualitatively, by using an integrated RS and GIS techniques. The result of this study revealed that the marine topography has been eroded for 25 years, because of the straight construction of the river and the vast development of urban features, in addition with change of the mean depth 0.40 m, the water surface area 11,028 $m^2$, and submarine volume 2,207,884 $m^3$. The beach topography has accreted for 5 years and the change of the mean elevation is 0.27m, the area 6,501 $m^2$, and volume 25,667 $m^3$, because of the installation of geogrids and the seasonal effect. We conducted monitoring works on the topographic survey of the ocean and beaches and analyzed the present condition of the coastal erosions. Therefore, it is estimated that necessary information on the supply of sand, the safe marine leisure and the management of bating place could be provided.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

Aviation safety can be secured through regulations and policies of various areas and thorough execution of them on the field. Recently, for aviation safety management Korea is making efforts to prevent aviation accidents by taking various measures: such as selecting and promoting major strategic goals for each sector; establishing National Aviation Safety Program, including the Second Basic Plan for Aviation Policy; and improving aviation related legislations. Obstacle limitation surface is to be established and publicly notified to ensure safe take-off and landing as well as aviation safety during the circling of aircraft around airports. This study intends to review current aviation obstacle management system which was designed to make sure that buildings and structures do not exceed the height of obstacle limitation surface and identify its operating problems based on my field experience. Also, in this study, I would like to propose ways to improve the system in legal and regulatory aspects. Nowadays, due to the request of residents in the vicinity of airports, discussions and studies on aviational review are being actively carried out. Also, related ordinance and specific procedures will be established soon. However, in addition to this, I would like to propose the ways to improve shortcomings of current system caused by the lack of regulations and legislations for obstacle management. In order to execute obstacle limitation surface regulation, there has to be limits on constructing new buildings, causing real restriction for the residents living in the vicinity of airports on exercising their property rights. In this sense, it is regarded as a sensitive issue since a number of related civil complaints are filed and swift but accurate decision making is required. According to Aviation Act, currently airport operators are handling this task under the cooperation with local governments. Thus, administrative activities of local governments that have the authority to give permits for installation of buildings and structures are critically important. The law requires to carry out precise surveying of vast area and to report the outcome to the government every five years. However, there can be many problems, such as changes in the number of obstacles due to the error in the survey, or failure to apply for consultation with local governments on the exercise of construction permission. However, there is neither standards for allowable errors, preventive measures, nor penalty for the violation of appropriate procedures. As such, only follow-up measures can be taken. Nevertheless, once construction of a building is completed violating the obstacle limitation surface, practically it is difficult to take any measures, including the elimination of the building, because the owner of the building would have been following legal process for the construction by getting permit from the government. In order to address this problem, I believe penalty provision for the violation of Aviation Act needs to be added. Also, it is required to apply the same standards of allowable error stipulated in Building Act to precise surveying in the aviation field. Hence, I would like to propose the ways to improve current system in an effective manner.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 2015

This study analyzes the status and problems of current parcel management in the public land, and it suggests measures for improvement based on the analysis. For this, it looked into the status and problems of the public land's parcel management. One of the major problems was that the number of parcels was continuously increasing due to insufficient parcel management. The study found that the number was increasing every year by 128,520 parcels on average as of 2008. It also found that there was also non-coincidence between the status and the land use conditions in the cadastral records. An increasing set of minute parcels (minute polygon) has appeared because of these outstanding issues, and these errors have been included in the statistics survey on parcels, negatively influencing the credibility of the data. This study suggests ways to improve these issues including reduction in the number of parcels through annexation, enhancement of credibility of cadastral information through cadastral confirmation survey, and registration and management of public land parcels in consideration of the current status.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.1 s.35
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

In the last years a low-altitude image acquisition technology has been developed in application of frequent change monitoring in urban area md speedy surveillance in disaster area. A low-altitude photogrammetric system have advantages of accurate observation and free data-acquisition time. Especially, an unmaned RC-helicopter, improving safety, durability and portability, comes into the spotlight as a built-in vehicle in close range photogrammetric application due to their capability of safe near-by observation and effective flight performance. This paper gives a methodology for generating image map by development of low cost and timesaving low-altitude photogrammetric UAV(unmaned aerial vehicles) for collecting high-resolution image data, and implement of geo-rectification and image mosaicking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.311-321
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• 2009

The Nation Geodetic Reference System which presents a consistent location standard used in creating a map or developing national land is defined and managed by the law in a nation. Each nation had used its own geodetic system created by astronomical surveying until recently, when Geodetic Reference System(World Geodetic Reference System) has been developed and used to progress in space and satellite geodetic technologies. Korea also amended its geodetic law in December 2001, converting its national geodetic system whose reference an oval figure is Bessel ellipsoid into the World Geodetic Reference System which uses GRS80 ellipsoid as reference ellipsoid. Accordingly, the National Geography Information Institute improved law and systems related to the change for the effective conversion from its national geodetic system into the World Geodetic Reference System. In addition National geographic information institute of the results of various studies is drawn to the World Geodetic Reference System for switching technology-met some of the institutional foundation Despite of accordance with formalities, National geographic information institute, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and some local government of the World Geodetic Reference System, and local government has or has not spread in public institutions. Therefore, in order to promote the switch to the World Geodetic Reference System, it is required to analyze current technical and institutional problems and obstacles of the switch to the World Geodetic Reference System and to present the resolutions and to establish policy to achieve them. Accordingly, for the promotion of the switch to the World Geodetic Reference System, this study analyzed the results of previous studies, the current state of the switch to the World Geodetic Reference System and the problems of the switch, and then offered technological and institutional supplements. Furthermore, it standardized the subject and type of the conversion, defined the scope of the tasks of the National Geographic Information Institute and its related organizations, and presented the policy direction for the overall use of the World Geodetic Reference System by 2010.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

The mobile mapping system first introduced at Ohio State University in 1991 is being developed in various forms as sensor technology develops. The mobile mapping system can acquire geospatial information around amoving object quickly using the information gathered using the position and attitude information of the moving object and the data from various sensors. The mobile mapping system can rapidly acquire large amounts of Geospatial information and MMS provides maximum productivity in the same measurement methods as existing GNSS and total stations. Currently, a variety of systems are being launched, mainly by foreign companies, and they are applied to the construction of geospatial information. On the other hand, the application of domestic technology development or production is insufficient. This paper provides basic data for the introduction of a mobile mapping system to geospatial information related business by conducting the status survey and feature analysis of a commercialized system focusing on the ground-based mobile mapping system. The research identified the current status and characteristics of high-priced, low-priced, indoor, and handheld mobile mapping systems based on vehicles and suggest that the recent system development trends are moving toward lowering the unit prices. The mobile mapping system is currently being developed as a platform for the application of geospatial information construction and the launch of low-cost models. The development of data processing technologies, such as automatic matching and the launch of low-cost models, are forming a basis for the application of mobile mapping systems in the field of geospatial information construction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

As coastal erosion is increasing sharply because of sudden changes in the natural environment and increases in artificial development, the problem of coastal erosion become an important issue, socially and economically. To building the data which needed to grasp the situation and find a solution, we need the monitoring system for long-term. In this study, we analyzed the coastal topography and land cover changes in the Haeundae Beach during 60 years. The Haeundae Beach is the most famous beach in the country and coastal erosion are going on. First, we analyzed the change of coastal topography by calculated the coastline and area of the beach using aerial photos during 60 years. We extracted the coastline by digitized on aerial photo and corrected the height of tide level using sounding and GPS survey data. And we computed the area of beach and analyzed the change of area during 60 years. Second, we analyzed the change of land cover using landcover map. We made the detailed landcover map by on-screen digitizing and estimated the soil loss for the area nearby Haeundae Beach. As a result, we could see that the coastline get nearer to land and the area of beach has been reduced in general. We think that interception of sand supply by the development is the artificial cause of coastal erosion. The result of this study would be useful in long-term coastal monitoring and to analyze the cause of coastal environment change. We expect that the result is available on the coastal information system.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2015

This paper suggests the MMAS(Map Matching using Additional Surveying) method to improve the cadastral discrepancy search algorithm that currently does not include corrections of mis-represented parcel data. The MMAS is a method to search for cadastral discrepancy after correcting mis-represented parcel data using nearby anchor points confirmed by surveys. The MMAS first transforms the coordinate system of the digital cadastral map by overlaying anchor points obtained in the field surveying process over the corresponding edges of buildings and facility points on the digital topographic map. Then, it searches for cadastral discrepancy by checking if the area differences exceed the tolerance limit. This method improves the current method for searching for cadastral discrepancy by performing the process after correcting extortion of the digital cadastral map. This helps to identify cadastral discrepancies that are not detectable within the distorted digital cadastral map. With our experiment, this method identified more discrepancies compared to the method without the correcting the distortion of the digital cadastral map. We believe this method will be able to help the national cadastral re-survey by identifying potential cadastral discrepancy more accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

From 12 to 16 July 2006, 4 days' torrential rainfall in Deoksan-ri, Inje-up, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do caused massive landslide and debris flow. Huge losses of both life and property, including two people buried to death in submerged houses, resulted from this disaster. As the affected region is mostly mountainous, it was difficult to approach the region and to estimate the exact extent of damage. But using aerial photographs, we can define the region and assess the damage quickly and accurately. In this study the debris flow region in inje, Gangwon-do was analyzed using aerial photographs. This region was divided into three sections - beginning section, flow section and sedimentation section. Informations for each section were extracted by digitizing the shot images with visual reading. Topographic, forest physiognomic and soil characteristics and debris flow occurrences of this region were analyzed by overlaying topographic map, forest type map and soil map using GIS. Comprehensive analysis shows that landslide begins at slope of about $36^{\circ}$, flows down at $26^{\circ}$ slope, and at $21^{\circ}$ slope it stops flowing and deposits. Among forest physiognomic factors, species of trees showd significant relationship with debris flow. And among soil factors, effective soil depth, soil erosion class, and parent materials showed meaningful relationship with debris flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.373-383
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• 2015

Spatial information has been widely used for efficient land use and management, disaster management, environment management, infrastructure management, corporate marketing, and cultural assets management, and the need for spatial information is expected to be increased. For this reason, central government, local government and public institutions must establish a National Spatial Information System (Fifteen systems related to spatial information managed by National Spatial Data Infrastructure Policy office, NSIS) framework that guarantees high accuracy and quality. The NSIS will provide convenience usage of spatial information in the field of decision-making or civil support. However the current National Spatial Information System is mainly established with separate processes, which causes data redundancy, deterioration of information, passive opening, and sharing of the spatial data. This study suggests 4 standards, which has been derived by applying value-chain model to NSIS data flow, and they are ‘Production and Establishment’, ‘Integration and Sharing’, ‘Application and Fusion’ and ‘Release and Opening’. Based on these standards, the 15 NSIS were analyzed to draw out implications and reforming directions were suggested. By following these suggestions we expect more recent, consist, accurate, and connected National Spatial Information Service which will be more open to public and then satisfy the demands.