• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2020

Traditionally social problems had been largely left to be handled by non-profit organizations, not because of lack of interests in social causes but mostly because of lack of innovative ideas to solve them in commercially viable ways. This market failure has recently been fixed by social enterprises, which manage to provide both solutions for social issues and commercially viable business models. As a result, we have been witnessing a sudden spike of public interests in these social enterprises as well as a call for empirical investigation on social enterprises by prior studies. However, empirically investigating a social enterprise has been a challenging endeavor mostly due to the insufficient number of successful social enterprises. Answering to the call in this study, we empirically investigate Goyohan Taxi, a successful social enterprise that partners with visually impaired cabdrivers and offers a taxi service, by both longitudinally interviewing the founder and adopting in vivo observation throughout the entrepreneurial journey of Goyohan Taxi. Based on the single case study method, we find that Goyohan Taxi adopts two distinctive decision-making mechanisms, the de-escalation of commitment and the orthogonality of commercial and social goals. Although generalizability of the our finding is minimal due to the limitation of single case study method, our finding contributes to the research of social entrepreneurship by offering new avenue of research in decision-making process of social entrepreneurs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 2020

This study aims to measure the result of R&D support projects on the beneficiary companies of the World Class 300 project, a representative domestic middle market enterprise incubation project. In particular, beneficiary companies were classified into industry groups(materials, components, equipment, modules, consumer goods) and the empirical study was conducted on how the result of R&D support project was differentiated by each industry group's characteristics. The analysis was performed on 272 companies selected as WC300 project during 2011 to 2017. The result of Panel regression Analysis confirmed that R&D support project had divergent influences on the performance (net profit) of companies depending on which industry group they belong. The samples of materials, components, equipment companies turned out not to have statistical significance. The samples of modules companies showed negative correlations, while those of consumer goods was observed to have positive correlations. This study demonstrates that it is essential to plan and implement policies suited to the characteristics of each industry groups to maximize the effect of R&D support projects henceforward.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2004

Sports scene is characterized by large amount of global motion due to pan and zoom of camera motion, and includes many small objects moving independently. Some short period of sports games is thrilling to televiewers, and important to producers. At the same time that kinds of scenes exhibit exceptionally dynamic motions and it is very difficult to analyze the motions with conventional algorithms. In this thesis, several algorithms are proposed for global motion analysis on these dynamic scenes. It is shown that proposed algorithms worked well for motion compensation and panorama synthesis. When cascading the inter frame motions, accumulated errors are unavoidable. In order to minimize these errors, interpolation method of motion vectors is introduced. Affined transform or perspective projection transform is regarded as a square matrix, which can be factorized into small amount of motion vectors. To solve factorization problem, we preposed the adaptation of Newton Raphson method into vector and matrix form, which is also computationally efficient. Combining multi frame motion estimation and the corresponding interpolation in hierarchical manner enhancement algorithm of motion parameters is proposed, which is suitable for motion compensation and panorama synthesis. The proposed algorithms are suitable for special effect rendering for broadcast system, video indexing, tracking in complex scenes, and other fields requiring global motion estimation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.127-158
• /
• 2016

Multinational corporations' overseas R&D activities bring host countries positive effects such as knowledge spillover, technology transfer, job creation and etc. For this reason, many countries have made efforts to attract foreign firms' R&D investment in their national territories. Korean government have also implemented some policy measures to expedite foreign firms operating in Korea to increase R&D activities. However, the firms' R&D investment in Korea has still been unsatisfactory, and only few studies have examined this issue. Therefore, this study attempts to explain the R&D investment of foreign firms operating in Kore, from the perspective Dunning's eclectic paradigm. Utilizing linear regression and Tobit model, this study analyzes the influence of OLI advantages on R&D intensity of foreign firms in Korea. The result shows that locational advantages of Korea (such as revealed technological advantage) had positive influences on foreign firms' R&D intensity. However, the influence of other OLI advantages were different by foreign firms' nationalities. For instance, internalization advantages had influences on R&D intensity, but the directions were different between Japanese and other nationalities. Based on the results, we provided some discussion and attempted to draw implications for Korean government's FDI and R&D policy.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.1-36
• /
• 2020

While the policy intervention of each country for the promotion of renewable energy is strengthened, Korea introduced Feed-in Tariff (FIT) in 2002 to directly support the development of renewable energy. But in 2012, the shift of policy instrument that from FIT to Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is occurred. This is a unique background that is currently found only in Korea, and new answers that focus on the outcomes of the shift of policy instruments are needed in addition to the existing discussion of comparison of FIT and RPS. Therefore, this study analyzed the change of policy efficiency after the shift to RPS using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) and Malmquist Index. In the result of analysis, a difference in the improvement of policy efficiency after in shift to RPS is found among each renewable energy source. This result is because renewable energy companies voluntarily entered the market only for energy sources that have secured technology or price competitiveness, and this indicates that the performance of renewable energy after the RPS shift has been concentrated on specific energy sources. As a result of this study, considering that the goal of renewable energy policy is to expand distribution and to drive growth engines, multi-faceted analysis is required in consideration of technology and market in selecting policy instruments.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.63-100
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes the effectiveness of government supported R&D program for SMEs by measuring TFP improvements. We estimate TFP for Korean companies from 2011 to 2018 using Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) method which reduces endogenous problem. Then government R&D beneficiary companies were extracted from the NTIS and linked to TFP estimates. The empirical results are as follows. First, as a result of estimating production function, the contribution of TFP to value-added is more important than in the past. Second, the TFP gap between large firms and SMEs continues to wide and there is no sign of easing.(from 3.72 times in 2011 to 5.23 times in 2018). Third, SMEs beneficiaries show higher TFP level than non-beneficiaries. However their TFP was on the decline until government support. After government supported R&D program, it reverses upward. Fourth, although one-year TFP improvement of beneficiaries is bigger than non-beneficiaries, it is smaller than the control group through PSME. Because SMEs participating in government R&D programs had showed downward trend of TFP until R&D program, it is necessary to examine whether there is a fundamental discordance between the demand of SMEs for R&D program and governments policy goal. More sophisticated program design will be required to escape the recognition that government R&D programs for SMEs are just charity.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.19-40
• /
• 2002

According to the secondary data, private brand(PB)'s share of retail sales is 25-30% in the USA, but about 45 in Korea. In Korea PB's average price is 23.3% less than manufacturer brand. It is very interest that PB's price advantage doesn't have a good effect on it's share of retail sales. This research's objective is to study why Korean consumers don't purchase private brand cheaper than manufacturer brand. A theoretical reasoning depends on information cue theory and means-ends model of perceived value. A unit of analysis is consumers who purchase private brand at E-mart in Pusan city, one of largest discount store in Korea. Hypothesis tested by Lisrel's structural equation model and interesting results as follows: First, favorable brand image among extrinsic cues is most positively correlated with perceived quality/sacrifice and intrinsic cues is also statistically significant. This fact imply that intrinsic cues; package, logo, country of origin are very important in the adoption of private brand in Korea. Second, compared with manufacturer's brand, PB's perceived price is positively correlated with perceived quality/sacrifice. This fact imply a assimilation effect between manufacturer's brand and private brand. Finally, a correlation between perceived sacrifice and PB proneness is satistically insignificant, but perceived quality has a significant effect on its proneness. this fact imply that innovators(about 4% of potential consumer) are risk-taker.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.49-77
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine a relationship between the headquarters and the sales offices of a car manufacturing company by comparing their channel types. It examines how the level of communication and commitment of sales offices on their headquarters differently affects some mediating effects between participation and relationship performance. It also tries to find out what kind of mechanisms are needed in order to improve the relationship. Through the data analysis of a total of 200 sales offices which are directly managed stores and agency stores by a domestic car manufacturing company, the following conclusions were reached: Participation, one of the variables in bureaucratic structuring, influences all dimensions of communication. Also, it has found that communication dimensions influence commitment dimensions differently by the type of channels, and commitment dimensions influence relationship performance by the type of channels. Recently, import car makers are accelerating their moves in the domestic market, and the importance of a customer-oriented retail innovation and a relationship management in an auto manufacturing industry is increasing. This study will give an useful suggestion on how to improve a long term relationship of distributors through an enhancement of communication and commitment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The goals of this study are the following. First, this study focused on customer satisfaction of in-flight service. Specifically, in-flight duty free items were considered because of their potential value related with the differentiated strategy of airline companies. Second, this study analyzed feasible strategies that would fence off the aversive attitudes of consumers toward innovation regarding in-flight duty free items. Third, this study strived to discover implicit routes related with the reactions of of consumers to innovation. Fourth, the construal level theory was applied to the context of in-flight service. Psychological distance is expected to promote acceptance of innovation for duty free items. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. All data were collected through the participation of university students. First, the experiment employed a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was temporal distance (long vs. short of navigation time). The second independent variable was innovativeness (innovative duty free items vs. typical items). Further, experiment 2 involved a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was social distance (typical vs. atypical stewardess image). The second was innovativeness that was based on a pattern similar to that of the prior experiment. The third experiment involved a 2×2×2 design. The first and second independent variables were temporal distance and item innovation, respectively, based on the method of experiment 1. The third independent variable was cognitive depletion (depletion vs. control condition). Results - Experiment 1 demonstrated that the innovation of duty free items would need to consider the journey time of the airline. Specifically, innovative items were preferred in case of a long journey; typical items, however, were liked in a short journey. Further, experiment 2 demonstrated that, in spite of a short journey, innovative items would be preferred if an atypical stewardess was serving. An atypical stewardess was linked with social distance, and the psychological effects would activate a creative and flexible mindset that would fit with innovative duty free items. The final experiment was accomplished for the examination of cognitive processing of psychological distance on innovation-acceptance. Specifically, if the effects were related with systematic processing, then cognitive effort would be needed. In contrast, if they were related with heuristic processing, then such efforts would not be required. The same pattern appeared under both cognitive depletion and control condition; therefore, the effects of psychological distance were implied to be heuristic processing. Conclusions - Managers need to consider the navigation time, stewardess concepts, and depletion of consumers as important factors for innovative strategy regarding in-flight service. Longer journeys are more successful for innovative trials. Further, a more atypical stewardess image is more successful for atypical service. Long navigation and unfamiliar stewardesses may activate creative and flexible thinking. Further, cognitive depletion of consumers is not a dominant factor of psychological distance effects, because the effects are not related with systematic processing, but with heuristic processing.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.75-94
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we explore the information diffusion mechanism under social network environments by investigating the effect of message characteristics on the volume and speed of retweeting in Twitter, a popular online social media service. To this end, we select eight main keywords (i.e., '무상급식', '반값등록금', '나가수', '평창', '김연아', '박태환', '아이폰', '갤럭시') that have been popular on online social media in recent days. Each keyword represents various social aspects of Korea that recently grab people's attention such as political issues, entertainment, sports celebrities, and the latest digital products, and eventually holds distinctive message characteristics. Analyzing the frequency and velocity of retweeting for each keyword, we find that more than half of the sample messages posted on Twitter contain personal opinions for the certain keyword, but we also find that the tweets which include objective messages with hyperlink are the fastest ones when being retweeted by other followers. In overall, when being retweeted, the group of messages related to the certain keyword present distinctive diffusion patterns and speed according to message characteristics. From academic perspective, the findings in the study broaden our theoretical knowledge of information diffusion mechanism over online social media. For practitioners, the results also provide managerial implications regarding how to strategically utilize online social media for marketing communications with customers.