• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1-49
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• 1997

HACCP팀은 모든 종사자(소유자 포함)에 대한 기구조직표, 역할분담 및 인수인계사항을 작성하고 모든 종사자는 사전에 HACCP system에 대해 충분히 이해시킬것. 또한 자체 위생관리현황이나 법적 관련규정을 정확하게 이해할 것. HACCP(준비)팀은 HACCP system의 적용을 위한 식품 품목 또는 유형, 시설, 공정단계, 지역 및 위해요인 종류의 범위를 정확하게 결정하여 문서화할 것. 제품설명서와 공정흐름도는 이후 단계에 매우 중요한 기초정보를 제공한다. 따라서 현장을 확인하는 등 사실에 입각하여 정확하게 작성할 것. 위해분석은 인내심을 가지고 현실성을 고려한 충분한 기초자료를 이용하여 정확하게 수행할 것. CCP의 결정전에 위해방지방법, 허용수준, 관리자를 결정하고 해당공장내이 현실성을 고려하여 CCP를 결정할 것. 관리기준 및 허용오차는 물리화학적 인자에 대하여 충분한 기초자료를 통해 설정할 것. CCP에 대한 모니터링과 개선조치 방법을 6하원칙에 준하여 현장생산종사자 중심으로 구체적으로 작성할 것. 모니터링과 검증은 명확하게 구분하여 관리할 것.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 다단계상호연결 네트워크에 기반한 입력버퍼 구조의 ATM 스위치에 관해서 언급한다. 제안된 방법은 HOL 블록킹으로 인해 균일 트래픽(uniform traffic) 하에서 최대 약 58.6%의 처리율을 넘지 못하는 문제를 해결 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하며, 또한 오류허용 기능을 확장시키기 위하여 베이스라인 네트워크에서 버디 연결 매핑 및 제한연결 매핑 특성을 이용한 다중경로를 제공할 수 있는 버퍼 기법에 관하여 언급한다. 시뮬레이션에 의한 성능 평가 결과, 기존 방식과 비교하여 좋은 처리율과 셀 손실율을 보였으며, 더욱이 오류 스위치의 증가에도 불구하고 처리율의 수준은 적정한 셀 지연 범위 내에서 유지될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2001

In this study, occurrence of aflatoxin M$_1$(AEM$_1$) in domestic milk and milk products was determined. The level of AFM$_1$ in market milk (0.047 ppb) was lower than that in raw milk (0.083 pub) but this looks like that is due to dilution in collecting process rather than the effect of sterilization. In the case of nonfat dry milk, level of AFM$_1$appeared high by 0.24 ppb but it is thought to be not different from market milk actually because nonfat dry milk is diluted at intake. In the case of ice cream, finished products were contaminated with AFM$_1$of 0.020 ppd and also have the possibility of the contamination of AFB$_1$due to secondary raw material such as nuts and almond. On the basis of the results of this study and previous studies, Monte-Carlo simulation is conducted to estimate the contamination level of AFM$_1$in domestic market milk. To consider uncertainty and variability fitting procedure was passed through. And we used beta distribution to estimate the prevalence and triangular distribution to estimate the concentration level of AFM$_1$in milk. As a result, the 5%, 50% and 95% points of the distribution of the probability of AFM$_1$contamination level in milk is 0.0214, 0.0946 and 0.1888 ppb, respectively. Also we estimate that AFM$_1$in almost milk was low more than 0.5 ppb that is American acceptable level but 80.4% exceeded far 0.05 ppb that is European standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

The 1st order level network of Korea was adjusted simultaneously in 1987. After that, the 1 st order level network of Korea was adjusted simultaneously by National Geographic Information Institute in 2006. The levelling data were acquired by digital level with invar staff from 2001 through 2006. The 1st order level network consists of 36 level lines. Among them, 34 level lines comprise 11 level loops. Among 36 level lines, 4 level lines have fore & back error larger than the regulations for the 1st order levelling of NGII, Korea. Also, the closing error of 3 loops of level network exceed the regulation for the 1st order levelling of NGII. The standard error of fore and back leveling between bench marks(${\eta}_1$) are distributed between 0.2 $mm/{\surd}km$ and 1.7 $mm/{\surd}km$. The standard error of loop closing(${\eta}_2$) is 2.0 $mm/{\surd}km$. This result means that the 1st order level network of Korea qualifies for the high precision leveling defined by International Geodetic Association in 1948. As the result of the 1st order level network adjustment, the reference standard error($\hat{{\sigma}_0}$) of the level network was 1.8 $mm/{\surd}km$, which is twice as good as that of the 1st adjustment of level networks in 1987.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.541-543
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• 2001

일정 수준의 시스템 성능을 제공하기 위해 다수의 서버를 클러스터로 연결하여 동시에 가동할 경우, 서버의 가동 대수가 증가함으로 인해 발생하는 가용도 저하 문제를 해결해야 하며, 이를 위해서는 시스템의 성능 변화를 반영할 수 있는 가용 성능에 대한 명확한 정의가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 비용 효율적인 결함허용을 위해 n 대의 주서버가 k 대의 여분서버로 구성된 클러스터 시스템에서 대기시간을 일정 수준이하로 만족시키는 새로운 가용도 척도에 근거한 최적 여분 서버 수를 계산하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.740-746
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• 2013

Design with crashworthiness concept has been emphasized for almost aircraft and motor vehicles. However, crashes accompanied serious injury and death have been continuously occurred, and will be occurred subsequently. What was worse, it is a well-known fact that there were a good many crashes classified as survivable accidents in which fatal injuries were reported. But we cannot say that fatal injuries were inevitable consequences of those crashes. If crashworthy design for seat, restraint systems, and cabin strength were adequate or right, survivability in a crash event could be maximized greatly. To substantiate the right crashworthiness, we must thoroughly understand the characteristics of human tolerance under abrupt acceleration change, and the cabin design should be combined with proper use of energy absorbing technologies that reduce accelerations experienced by the occupants. In this paper, the emphasis on the human tolerance under abrupt accelerations as well as the necessity of change in design requirements for crash environment will be stressed to widen the belt of consensus for the right crashworthy design.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 1994

스웨덴의 펄프 제지산업을 대상으로 관찰해 보면 대부분의 기업은 허가된 수준보다는 덜 오염시키고 있다. 이를 설명하기 위하여 우리는 환경 부하(waste load)가 확률적이라는 가정에 의존하는 접근법을 제안하였다. 동 모델에 따르면 기업은 너무 높은 기대벌금을 회피하기 위하여 평균적으로 허용된 수준보다는 덜 오염시키는 것이 이윤을 가짐을 알 수 있다. 그 이유는 허가된 수준과 기대된 환경 부하의 차이가 제한규정을 위반하지 않는 확률을 증가시키기 때문이다. 우리의 이론으로부터 나타나는 또 다른 결과는 규제의 변화가 기업의 이윤과 환경에 주는 영향은 대부분의 경우에 적발되는 확률, 지불하는 벌금 수준 그리고 불확실성을 가능한한 줄이기 위해 드는 비용에 대한 기업의 인식에 달려 있다는 것이다. 오염배출의 확률분포에서 분산을 감소시키는데 드는 비용이 계획된 배출량을 감소시키는 데 드는 비용에 비해서 적다면, 기업은 오염 배출을 증가시키는 것이 이득이 됨을 발견할 것이며, 분산을 감소시킴으로서 규제준수 확률을 증가시킬 것이다. 우리는 동 산업에서 허가시스템이 기업들에게 영향을 미쳐왔다는 것을 실증분석을 통해 발견하였다. 더구나, 비표백 펄프와 쇄목 펄프를 생산하는 기업은 표백 펄프를 생산하는 기업보다 허가된 배출수준의 변화에 더 민감한 것처럼 보임을 발견하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

Driver's psychophysiological load is one of the key measures for evaluating the safety of the highway. The purpose of this study is to propose and to test the methodology of evaluating the length limit of tangent section using driver's psychophysiological load. Driver's psychophysiological data is represented by the data acquire by frontal and occipital lobe. In order to compare the differences between tangent segments and the orders, real road driving experiments were performed. We collected psychophysiological data during the operation of vehicles. The experimental data were analyzed using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and relative power spectrum tools. These routine produces the beta value which is a major factor in consideration of driver's condition. The results in this study are summarized as follows: (1) A new methodology of evaluating the length limit in tangent section of highway using driver's psychophysiological load was proposed. (2) It was observed that driver's work load at tangent section was three times lower than that at the other section types. The beta value at tangent section is 2.219, while that at general section is 0.821. (3) It was observed that the driver's work load was significantly dropped to 0.428 after the continuous driving of 4.2km tangent section. (4) Based on the experimental subjects(from 27 Years to 31). we suggest that 30 times of design speed(3.0 km) could be acceptable as the length limit of tangent section in highway rather than the Previous limit which is 20 times of design speed(2.0km).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

A total of 73 pile design data for prebored PHC piles was analyzed to study the current design method. Based on the design data, a ratio of skin friction to total capacity from the pile design data was about 20~53%. Such low ratio of skin friction to total capacity tends to underestimate skin friction. Considering this tendency, the current design method should be improved. Also, an average design efficiency of PHC pile capacity was 70% and an average design efficiency for bearing capacity of soil or weathered rock was 80%, which shows slightly higher value than the former. This is probably due to the fact that the allowable bearing capacity is estimated to be equal to or slightly higher than the design load. Hence, the allowable bearing capacity should be estimated to be higher than the long-term allowable compressive force of the PHC pile. In the current design method, skin friction is calculated to be about 2.2 times lower than end bearing. The current design method for prebored PHC piles applied foreign design methods without any verification of applicability to the domestic soil or rock condition. Therefore, the current design method for prebored PHC piles should be improved.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• s.263
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• pp.18-21
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• 2010

여러 연구기관에서 행한 각종 연구결과들을 종합해보면 우리 농산물은 국민건강에 위해를 끼치지 않는 농약잔류 수준이다. 일부 농산물에 아주 미량이나마 검출되고 있는 잔류농약들은 국내외에서 이미 위해성평가가 철저히 이루어져서 안전성이 입증된 것들이며 또 잔류허용기준 이내에서 농약이 검출되어 안전하다고 할 수 있다.