• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2014

Objective : This study was conducted to determine effects of school-based occupational therapy through a systematic review Methods : We systematically reviewed studies published in PubMed and Ovid from 2000 to June 2014 using keyword 'school' or 'children' and 'occupational therapy'. Fourteen studies were selected. The level of evidence, participants, assessment, intervention area, method and effects were analyzed by reviewing full text. Results : The most group and age of participants were normal child with fine motor difficulties and 6~8 years old in selected studies. The most target area of intervention was handwriting, fine motor and visuo-motor integration (68.8%) and the most method was direct treatment (71.4%). The top on the assessment was Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual-Motor Integration (14.9%) and next was Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (11.1%). Effects of school based occupational therapy were founded in the visual motor integration, learning skill, level of participation, fine motor, play and behavioral problem. Conclusion : This systematic review provides evidence concerning the participants, intervention, assessment and effects of school based occupational therapy. It should be used for basic data for the research and practice of school-based occupational therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.649-665
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• 2018

In this study, we extracted the core competencies of makers through the analysis of critical incident technique and behavioral event interview to explore the nature and attributes of maker education, and then we developed a maker competency model based on these core competencies. As a result, six competency groups and 23 sub-competencies were extracted. In other words, we were able to confirm the existence of integrated thinking competency group consisting of four competencies made up of 'analytic thinking', 'intuitive thinking', 'visual thinking', and 'empirical thinking' and that of collaborative competency group with four competencies of 'sharing', 'communication', 'conflict management', and 'scrupulosity'. In addition, we could also confirm the existence of making mind competency group, which is composed of four competencies namely 'interest in various areas', 'challenge consciousness', 'failure management', and 'pleasure of the making process'. We could also confirm that human-centered competence group consisting of two competencies of 'humanity' and 'user-oriented' and the problem-finding competence group consisting of two competencies of 'observation' and 'recognition of discomfort in daily life'. Lastly, the making practice competency group is composed of seven competencies: 'understanding making tool', 'understanding electricity', 'understanding programming', 'planning', 'hand knowledge', 'information search', and 'direct execution'. We discussed educational implications of these findings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2000

현재의 농업에서 농약의 사용은 불가결한 것이다. DDT의 등장으로 농약만능시대의 막이 열린 이래 세계에서 10만종 이사의 농약이 탄생했다. 현재 전세계의 생산량은 매년 1천만 톤을 넘어섰고 일본의 경우 등록되어 있는 농약수는 원체(화합물종류)로서 367종, 상품명으로서는 약 5800 종류가 판매되고 있다. 년간 일본의 농약생산량은 약 60만 톤으로 농약의 수출량과 수입량이 거의 같기 때문에 생산량이 사용량에 상당하는 것으로 본다. 농약의 식품오염의 측면에서 보면, 단위 면적당 세계 제 1위의 농약 사용국인 일본은 시장에 유통되고 있는 농작물에도 상당한 양의 농약이 잔류하는 것으로 본다. 물론 식품위생법에 26종의 농약에 대해 53작물을 대상으로 하는 잔류농약기준이 있지만, 농약성분이 400종 이상이며 산포 대상이 되는 작물은 53작물보다 훨씬 많다. 또한 한 두 종류의 작물밖에 대상이 되지 않는 농약도 많아서 잔류농약기준은 식품의 안전성 확보면에서는 부족한 것이 많아. 따라서 농산물 생산자 스스로가 농약사용기준을 정확하게 지켜주기를 바랄 뿐이다. 한편으로는, 이러한 현실에 비추어서 농약사용이 일상화된 농업자에게 있어 농약으로 인한 건강상의 문제 또한 적지 않다. 농업자의 건강관리 대책의 일환으로 실시하는 건강진단 및 조사에 따르면, 만성적인 질환뿐만 아니라 농약산포작업후에 나타나는 증세(기침, 피부이상, 불쾌감, 두통, 인후염, 구토)를 경험한 작업자는 예방의학적인 견지에서 농업자의 농약폭로실태파악 및 교육을 해오고 있으나 그다지 설득력을 얻지 못하여 보다 확실한 인체내 흡수량을 측정하는 방법을 생각하게 되었다. 즉 뇨중 농약 대사물을 폭로지표로 하는 생물학적 모니터링(biological monitoring)을 시도, 농업현장에 있어서의 그 실증과 유용성에 대한 검토를 하고자 하였다. 농작업 가운데서 가장 위험하다고 보는 농약산포작업 (수동식 분무기를 이용한 하우스작물 및 동력분무기를 사용한 노지작물)을 대상으로 생물학적모니터링을 실시한 결과 업자의 뇨로부터 농약의 체내흡수를 반영하는 농략의 뇨 분비성 대사물을 측정할 수 있었다. 즉 뇨나 혈액등의 생체시료를 이용한 생물학적모니터링의 농약에의 응용은 서구와는 달리 대부분이 규제가 없는 소규모 자가영농으로 정해진 농약사용지침보다 많은 농약을 사용한다거나, 또는 개인의 습관이나 작업환경에 따라 폭로조건이 달라서 실질적인 폭로-흡수의 정도가 불분명한 경우등에도 충분히 대응할 수 있어 농약사용자 개개인의 농약 폭로-흡수의 정도를 분명하게 밝힐 수 있다. 게다가 평가의 결과를 농약사용의 일선에 있는 농업자에게 피드백 하여 주므로서 농약에 대한 인식을 새롭게 하고 농약취급시의 건강장해예방행동을 촉구하는 등의 효과도 높은 것으로 예방의학적인 유용성이 크다고 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to prospect for mutual maturity between therapist-client in Music and Imagery music therapy session from therapists' points of view. Qualitative data has been collected by in-depth interview of therapist-client mutual maturity process, then analysed with grounded theories. The questions of the study were to ask process of mutual maturity experienced by music and imagery therapist and meaning of the experience itself. Therapists ware to answer the moment of mutual maturity, realization and meaning of mutual maturity process through semi-structured in-depth interview. The four therapists who participated in the interview are certified MIT(Music & Imagery Therapist) by Lisa Summer and currently in training GIM. From the in-depth interview, 81 concepts have been collected and have been divided into 20 categories in open coding, then rearranged into 9 categories in axis coding. To explain music and imagery therapists' maturity process through grounded theory paradigm, as a result, the main phenomenon of experience was 'to deal with counter-transference'. When dealing their counter-transference, therapists experienced their maturity process. Supervision and musical/non-musical self-reflection are also used for interactive intervention medium. So, maturity of therapists leads to knowing and accepting herself and mature therapists are able to help clients mature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.691-705
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• 2018

Purpose of this study was to improve the emotional intelligence of high school students in adolescence, to solve the difficulties of relationships, to solve the maladjustment problems, and to provide practical data that can be used to prevent their deviant behaviors by identifying the effect of peer emotional coaching program on emotional intelligence in high school students. This study consisted of the experimental group of 14 students and the control group of 14 students from 28 students who voluntarily wanted to participate in the peer emotional coaching program from April 17 to May 29, 2017 in S high school located in G city. The peer emotional coaching program was applied for the experimental group over 12 sessions, and the pre and post test of both groups were performed simultaneously. A corresponding sample T test was performed for the collected data that were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. As a result, the emotional awareness of the experimental group was found to have a significant effect on the peer emotional coaching program, but the empathy and the emotion regulation did not show any significant effect. It was found that the peer emotional coaching program was a medium that could affect the emotional awareness of high school students. With the results of this study, we suggested a way to improve the emotional awareness for high school students.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.487-510
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• 2015

In recently, thanks to the development of computer and internet, and reinforcement of digital media literacy of ordinary people, many users of comics and animations recombine contents into various ways, including UCCs. In a glance, it seems these outputs violates the copyrights of contents. But in reality, they helps the growth of the ecosystem of contents market, with increase of contents users. The reason of these reproductions inclines the characteristics of animation media. Animation, which are constituted by plastic symbols, auditory symbols, and narrative symbols, and Comic, which supports stories of Animations, affects as 'Imaginary signifier'. These signifiers helps users of contents to dismantle and reassemble stories. These aspects are seen in doujin culture, animation soundtrack fandom, and voice actor fandom. But In this article, we will concentrate into cosplay culture. Cosplay culture shows more active appearances than another fandoms. In especially, cosplay stage and daily cafe show more active reproductions of characters and communications. However, they are done by youth fans, which has not enough financial abilities: therefore, events are not sustainable and discontinued. And they have another limits, like lack of opportunity of performance. In the reality of Korean society, which needs of community making by community member, and hybrid culture, comics and animation productions in Korea are in need of access positively and encourage reproductions of active receivers of animations.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

The problem of evacuating pedestrians from a room or channel under panic conditions is of obvious importance in daily life. In recent years, several computer models have been developed to simulate pedestrian dynamics. Understanding evacuation dynamics can allow for the design of more comfortable and safe pedestrian facilities. However, these models do not take into account the type and state of mind of pedestrians. They deal with pedestrians as particles and the state of mind as a social force, which is represented by conservative and long-range interactions between individuals. In this study, I used the lattice model proposed in my previous study to explore the evacuation behavior of pedestrians with morality. In this model, three types of pedestrians are considered: adults, children, and injured people. Collisions between adults and children result in injured people. When the number of injured people continuously in contact with each other reaches a given value k, the injured people are removed from the lattice space. This situation is the same as that in which pedestrians start stepping over injured people. This behavior was interpreted as the morality of pedestrians. Simulations showed that the evacuation showed down and eventually became jammed owing to the injured people acting as "obstacles" in relation to the morality k.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

Research on biological aspects on adult depression has been subjected to more than 25 years of systematic research, while biologic investigations regarding childhood and adolescent depression are only now being initiated. Although no unifying, explanatory theory of the biologic etiology of childhood depression emerges from the results of studies reviewed above, the findings do support that biological factors may be involved in the genesis of childhood depression. The research reviewed in this paper suggests that age and pubertal factors have major effects in most biological markers of depression. Some of these markers, like sleep EEG and neuroendocrine markers should be broken down by decades during adult life span. Thus, although adult data are very valuable points of departure for biological research on child and adolescent depression, it is very hard to transfer the adult data to prepubertal children and adolescents, ignoring the biological changes that take place in growth and development, pubety and aging. A great deal of work in basic developmental neuroscience remains to be done. It will be crucial for further advances in this field to determine the normal patterns of neurotransmitter interaction in this age group and to study children at high risk for depression. It will be also crucial to use primate models of depressive illness in order to be able to answer the many queations that cannot be investigated in humans for ethical issues. Conclusively, much closer collaboration between developmental and neurobiological and behavioral studies in primates and in humans will be essential for further development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.581-590
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the perception of nurse's use of physical restraints. This study is a descriptive research study for 138 nurses who work at the small hospitals under 300 beds. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and factor analysis using the SPSS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows: The overall average of the nurses' perception of physical restraint was $3.91{\pm}0.54$, and the most important reason for using a physical restraint was to protect the patient from falling out of bed($4.37{\pm}0.68$). The factor analysis showed that 'behavior, psychological symptom management($3.81{\pm}0.67$)', 'maintain medical treatment($4.11{\pm}0.60$)' and 'patient safety($4.13{\pm}0.63$)'. It is necessary to understand the characteristics and factors of nurse's use of physical restraint in small and medium hospitals. Moreover, it is also required to use minimum physical restraints for patient's safeties and rights based on accurate understanding of physical restraint's use. Therefore, it is needed to provide job training for the physical restraint that is used in various situations and to develop education and intervention program to adjust in nurses' situation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.169-185
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• 2017

Given that nowadays things get very fast due to the pervasive use of the Internet and mobile devices, decision-making time can be an important variable in the online economic decisions. Although in experimental and behavioral economics, measures like scores or earnings are usually preferred, this study argues that the time variable can be dealt with as a new decision outcome. Thus, by selecting some psychological factors presumably impactful in the online context (i.e., incidental emotions, psychological distances, and individual's impulsivity), this study tested their effect on decision time in the online centipede game. As a result, the mean decision time in the game was longer (1) in the happiness condition than in the anger condition and (2) in the friend condition than in the stranger condition. The people with attention difficulties spent a short time in the decision and the people who dislike complex problems spent a short time in explaining their decision. This study can contribute to the field as it used the decision time as the dependent variable and it tested the effect of psychological factors in the context of online decision-making. Future studies can be conducted in other online decision situations or by considering other psychological variables.