• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

The fact that gas hydrate and/or paraffin wax is frequently plugged in offshore pipeline has been become very significant for offshore piepline flow assurance. An active electrical heating along pipeline has adapted in resolving flow assurance problem like as gas hydrate and wax plugging. This study represents a novel internal-swirled heater which was designed and fabricated for more effective heating and thermal mixing through pipeline. The internal-swirled heater suggested in this study shows higher thermal mixing performances than the conventional external-traced heater.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

Offshore fields are increasingly important for the development of offshore resources due to the growing energy needs. However, an offshore field for oil and gas production has difficult development conditions, e.g., high temperature, high pressure, sweet/sour compositions of fluids, etc. Corrosion is one of the biggest issues for offshore pipeline engineering. In this study, a Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) pipe for corrosion prevention was investigated through its global demand and trends, and three types of CRA pipelines were introduced with detailed explanations. The usefulness of CRA was also evaluated in comparison to a carbon steel pipeline in terms of the structural strength, cost, and other factors. Offshore pipeline engineering, including mechanical design and verification of the results through an installation analysis based on numerical software, was performed for the carbon steel type and solid CRA type. The results obtained from this study will be useful data for CRA pipeline designers and researchers.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 1995

Various laybarge methods for offshore pipeline installation are introduced. Pipe stresses and strains during the installation are discussed with linear and nonlinear analysis methods. Several operational modes of offshore pipeline installation are described. Computer modelling techniques of the pipeline installation analyses are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.414-421
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• 2022

Subsea oil and gas exploration is increasingly moving into deeper water depths, and typically, subsea pipelines operate under high pressure and temperature conditions. Owing to the difference in these components, the axial force in the pipe is accumulated. When a pipeline is operated at a high internal pressure and temperature, it will attempt to expand and contract for differential temperature changes. Typically, the line is not free to move because of the plane strain constraints in the longitudinal direction and soil friction effects. For a positive differential temperature, it will be subjected to an axial compressive load, and when this load reaches a certain critical value, the pipe may experience vertical (upheaval buckling) or lateral (snaking buckling) movements that can jeopardize the structural integrity of the pipeline. In these circumstances, the pipeline behavior should be evaluated to ensure the pipeline structural integrity during operation in those demanding loading conditions. Performing this analysis, the correct mitigation measures for thermal buckling can be considered either by accepting bar buckling but preventing the development of excessive bending moment or by preventing any occurrence of bending.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.772-779
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• 2019

The subsea pipeline has received considerable attention as a high-value-added industry linked to the energy and steel industries including natural resource development. The design and installation of the subsea pipeline require a variety of key technologies to carry out the project. In particular, a thorough pre-verification process through pre-commissioning is essential for the safe operation of the subsea pipeline. The hydrotesting stage in the pre-commissioning process of the subsea pipeline is known to be affected significantly by the ambient temperature change; however, there is a little study based on the theoretical and numerical approach. In this study, the method of predicting the internal temperature change using the transient heat transfer method for the stage of hydrotesting during the pre-commissioning process of the subsea pipeline and the prediction method of the pressure variation in the pipeline using it were proposed. The predicted results were compared with field test results and its effectiveness was verified. The proposed analysis procedure is expected to contribute to the productivity improvement of the subsea pipeline installation project by enabling the prediction of pressure variation through pipeline heat transfer simulation from the initial design stage of the subsea pipeline installation project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.406-413
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• 2022

The subsea pipeline pre-commissioning stage consists of the following processes: Flooding, Venting, Hydrotesting, Dewatering, Drying, and N2 Purging. Among these processes, drying and nitrogen purging processes are stipulated to reduce and maintain the relative humidity below dew point to prevent the generation of hydrate and the risk of gas explosion in the pipeline during operation. The purpose of this study is to develop an analysis method for the air drying and nitrogen purging process during pre-commissioning of the subsea pipeline, and to evaluate the applicability of the analysis method through comparison with on-site measurement results. An analysis method using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was introduced and applied as a method for evaluating the relative humidity inside a subsea pipeline, and it was confirmed that analysis results were in good agreement with the on-site measurement results for the air drying and nitrogen purging process of the offshore pipeline. If the developed air drying and nitrogen purging analysis method are used as pre-engineering tools for pre-commissioning of subsea pipelines in the future, it is expected to have a significant impact on the improvement of work productivity.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2015

This paper describes thermal flow characteristic in various pipelines: straight pipeline and curved pipeline. In the Arctic and ocean area, pipelines are exposed to a extremely low temperature ($0{\sim}-40^{\circ}C$). In this situation, three-dimensional flow analysis should be analyzed to investigate thermal effects such as pressure drop, temperature change, velocity deficit and distribution change of liquid droplet of internal fluid. Also, due to freezing of water droplet, impingement erosion is expected in the curved pipeline. The stability of the pipelines can be influenced by impingement erosion. In this paper, multi-phase and multi-species analysis was introduced to analyze the flow characteristics and impingement erosion of Arctic and ocean pipelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

Subsea pipelines have an important role in the overall tasks of offshore oil and gas production but arc exposed to various hazards with high potential risks of damage resulting in serious economic loss and impact on ocean environment. In this paper, the dynamic free span is analysed, which is one of main risk factors against the safety of subsea pipelines and the allowable length of dynamic free span which is important for the design of subsea pipelines is determined. The allowable free span length is examined by considering the relationship between vortex shedding frequency and natural frequency of pipeline free span, and the variation of the allowable length is analysed for different boundary conditions of pipe ends. The free span is regarded as a beam on elastic foundations and the boundary condition of the beam is generalized by modelling as restrained by linear and rotational spring at each end. A non-dimensionalized curve is obtained to facilitate the determination of exact allowable length of dynamic free span for subsea pipelines and is applied to the pipelines which is to be installed in the gas fields of the south of East Sea of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.889-891
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• 2004

본 논문은 약 134 GB에 이르는 시간 가변 해양 볼륨 데이터론 효과적으로 가시화 하기 위한 두 가지 접근 방법을 제시한다. 첫 번째 방법은 고화질의 동영상을 생성하기 위한 오프라인 병렬 볼륨 렌더링 기법으로, 볼륨광선추적법과 등가면 기법을 통합한 렌더링 알고리즘을 적용하여 고해상도의 영상을 생성할 수 있다. 두 번째 방법은, 그래픽스 하드웨어 가속기능을 통해 대화식 가시화가 가능한 멀티 파이프 렌더링을 구현하는 것으로, 복수개의 그래픽스 파이프라인과 3차원 텍스춰 맵핑 가속기능을 이용해 시간의 변화에 따른 해양의 변화를 효과적으로 가시화하고 분석할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2016

Offshore CCS technology is to transport and inject $CO_2$ which is captured from the power plant into the saline aquifer or depleted oil-gas fields. The more accumulated injected $CO_2$, the higher reservoir pressure increases. The increment of reservoir pressure make a dramatic change of the operating conditions of transport and injection systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze the effect of operating condition variations over the injection period in early design phase. The objective of this study is to simulate and analyze the $CO_2$ behavior in the transport and injection systems over the injection period. The storage reservoir is assumed to be gas field in the East Sea continental shelf. The whole systems were consisted of subsea pipeline, riser, topside and wellbore. Modeling and numerical analysis were carried out using OLGA 2014.1. During the 10 years injection period, the change of temperature, pressure and phase of $CO_2$ in subsea pipelines, riser, topside and wellbore were carefully analyzed. Finally, some design guidelines about compressor at inlet of subsea pipeline, heat exchanger on topside and wellhead control were proposed.