• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.307-324
• /
• 2020

Major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, isotopic composition analysis have been carried out on the Miocene basalt (Huangsongpu basalt, 20 Ma) 25 km to northeast from the Mt. Baekdu. The basalt has Na2O+K2O=3.5~4.7 wt.%, and MgO=9.9~11.1 wt.%, containing Mg-rich olivine (Mg#=75~86), clinopyroxene (Mg#=72~85) and Ca-rich plagioclase micro-phenocrysts. These data suggest that the basalt belongs to the alkaline magma series with a primitive nature, crystallized at a near-liquidus. The basalt is also characterized by high Cr (394~479 ppm) and Ni (389~519 ppm) contents, Nb-Ta enrichment anomalies and OIB-like trace elements patterns, displaying identical signatures to those of typical intraplate magmas. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of the basalt and high (Gd/Yb)sample/(Gd/Yb)PM ratio (=2.8~3.5) suggest the parental magma was derived from relatively low-degree (3~5%) partial melting of garnet peridotite. The 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr composition of the basalt are higher than those of BSE. The high 87Sr/86Sr (= ~0.7058) ratio of the basalt indicates a contribution of recycled ancient oceanic crust or continental crust on the Pacific slab suggesting that the Huangsongpu basalt was generated from metasomatized mantle.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2017

This study established ecological goals and success criteria by using results of the coastal ecosystem restoration demand survey. The ecological goals are set for species diversity, regulation of seawater flow, improvement of purification, erosion prevention and habitat provision by ecosystem types. The indicators of success criteria are chosen the number of emergence species and community characteristics of target organism and pertinent items of hydrologic, water quality and sediment environment by ecological goals among the investigation items of tidal flat investigation guideline.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.444-454
• /
• 2015

Measurements of bottom backscattering strengths in a frequency range of 6-14 kHz were made on the shallow water off the southern Gyeonggi Bay in Yellow Sea in May 2013, as part of the KIOST-HYU joint acoustics experiment. Geological surveys for the experimental area were performed using multi-beam echo sounder, sparker system, and grab sampling to investigate the bottom topography, sub-bottom profile and composition of surficial sediment, respectively. In this paper, the backscattering strengths as a function of grazing angle (in range of $28^{\circ}{\sim}69^{\circ}$) were estimated and compared to the predictions obtained by Lambert's law and APL-UW scattering model. Finally, the effects of geoacoustic parameters corresponding to the experimental area on the backscattering strengths are discussed.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.259-271
• /
• 1993

The distributions of bottom sediments and the depositional processes on the continental shelves of Korean Seas are interpreted. Generally the continental shelf sediments can be classified into the sand-facies and mud-facies, showing the typical bimodal size distributions Most of the sandy and gravelly sediments on the outer shelf floor are interpreted as "relict" sediments that were deposited during the last glacial times when the sea level was lower than the present. On the other hand the muddy sediments on the inner shelf area are interpreted as "recent" sediments that are deposited under the present environment conditions. It is understood that most of the fine materials cannot escape the inner shelf area due to the strong tidal and coastal fronts, and are transported eastward from the West Sea along the southern coast of Korean Peninsula. The dark-colored muddy sediments in the Hupo Basin of the East Sea are, however, considered to be "relict" sediments. In the midshelf area fine materials are mixed with the relict coarse sediments, and some of the relict sediments are continuously reworked under the present environmental conditions forming the "palimpsest" sediments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.205-208
• /
• 2002

When establishing the submarine optical fiber table between international and domestic, marine survey in advance it grasps the submarine geological features which is accurate and a depth of water condition. And the route which is safe for selecting and submarine optical fiber cable laying it is a work which secures an ease one location. If also, the PLGR the submarine of optical fiber table root the sea contamination material (rope, wire and net) it removes in advance and if the submarine of the optical fiber cable ease it does to arrive safely. And it is a work the Plough and ROV laying work hour laying work efficiency improvement and laying equipment it will be able to protect. So, This paper presents the monitoring system of ship information management and operation for marine survey and PLGR work in submarine optical fiber table construction enterprise. In order to achieve these purpose, overall serial multi-port communication modulo of configuration, realtime processing for management and operation of receiving data, realtime graph and a printout are described.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.153-153
• /
• 2023

골프장 건축 시 하부지반 구축을 위해 사용하는 잔석의 산화로 인해 중금속 용출이 발생할 수 있다. 용출된 중금속으로 인근 농업지역이 오염될 경우 인간의 식생활에 직접적인 영향을 미쳐 인체건강에 악영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 특히, 망간의 경우 식품을 통해 과다섭취할 경우 정신착란, 운동실조 등 다양한 신경학적 문제를 발생시키기 때문에 망간 오염에 대한 조사 및 관리는 필수적이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 최근 골프장이 건설된 부산시 일광 회룡리 일대 농업지역에서 망간 오염 평가를 위해 지표수, 퇴적물, 벼 작물을 채취하여 망간 농도 분석을 수행하였다. 골프장 유출조부터 시작되는 관개수로에서 지표수와 퇴적물 시료를 약 20 m 간격으로 채취하였으며, 관개수로의 구조에 따라 논을 4개의 구역(Area 1 - 4)으로 구분하여 논 토양과 벼 작물을 채취하였다. 벼 작물의 경우 뿌리, 줄기, 곡물 부분으로 나누어 채취하였으며, 퇴적물과 논 토양은 시료 내 존재하는 망간의 형태를 확인하기 위해 연속추출법을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 지표수의 망간 농도는 골프장 유출조에서 하류로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 하류에서의 망간농도는 상류에 비해 최대 88% 감소하였다. 퇴적물의 망간 농도는 논으로 연결되는 지점에서 20,000 mg/kg 이상의 높은 농도를 보였으며, 농업이 진행 중인 3, 5, 7월은 최대 약 25,000 mg/kg의 농도를 보였으나, 농업이 끝난 9월에는 최대 약 3,500 mg/kg으로 상대적으로 낮은 농도를 보였다. 논 토양의 망간 농도는 관개수로와 첫 번째로 연결되는 Area 1에서 1,600 mg/kg으로 측정되었으며, 이는 EPA에서 권고한 논 토양 망간 기준 1,000 mg/kg을 초과하는 농도로 확인되었다. 또한, 식물이 사용할 수 없는Residual 형태의 망간 농도는 변화가 없었으나, 식물이 사용 가능한 Acid soluble, Reducible, Oxidizable 형태의 망간 농도는 추수기 이후 80% 이상 감소하였다. 벼 작물의 곡물 망간 농도는100 - 200 mg/kg으로 USDA에서 발표한 쌀 곡물 망간 농도의 평균인 5 mg/kg보다 약 20배 이상 높게 검출되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 골프장 유출조로부터 발생하는 망간오염을 식별하고 주변 농업지역에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었으며, 추후 골프장 운영으로 인한 환경오염에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.251-277
• /
• 2019

The Gogunsan Archipelago is composed of two island groups; the first group includes Mal-do, Myeong-do, Gwangdae-do, and Bangchuk-do islands consisting of Neoproterozoic rocks, and the second group includes Yami-do, Sinsi-do, Muneo-do, Jangja-do, and Seonyu-do islands consisting of Cretaceous rocks. The first group mainly consists of the Bangchuk formation which can be divided into two layers; the lower layer was more deformed than the upper layer. The former was intruded by mafic and felsic volcanic rocks formed in the volcanic arc tectonic setting 930-890 Ma and the latter was deposited ca. 825-800 Ma. In these islands, large scale folds with east-west fold axes were beautifully formed; the Maldo island fold was designated as natural monument and large scale beautiful chevron fold was developed on the Gwangdae-do island. In addition, there are unique zebra-shaped outcrop formed by a mixing of basic and acidic magma and Independent Gate shaped outcrop formed by coastal erosion. On the other hand, the Yami-do, Sinsi-do, Muneo-do, Jangja-do and Seonyu-do islands consist of 92-91Ma Cretaceous volcanic rocks and, in Sinsi-do island, the Nanshan formation deposited ca. 92 Ma. These Cretaceous volcanic rocks formed by melting of the continental crust by the heat supplied from the uplifting mantle due to the extension caused by a retreat of subducting ocean slab. Yami-do and Sinsi-do islands are composed of rhyolite. In Yami-do island, bands with vertical joint formed by cooling of the bottom part of the lava, are shown. In Sinsi-do island, large-scale vertical joints formed by cooling of lava flow, were developed. The Jangja-bong of Jangja-do island and Mangju-bong of Seonyu-do island are composed of brecciated rhyolite and formed a ring shaped archipelago contributing to the development of marine culture by providing natural harbor condition. They also provide beautiful views including 'Seonyu 8 views' along with other islands. As mentioned above, the Gogunsan archipelago is rich in geoheritages and associated cultural and historical resources, making it worth as a National Geopark.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.307-319
• /
• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.673-684
• /
• 2012

Quantitative understanding of total carbon, total inorganic carbon and total organic carbon contained in ocean sediments is a basic data for interpretation of oceanic sediment environments. Elemental analyzer(EA) is frequently used for the analysis of carbon contents in inland soils and ocean sediments. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the soil reference material analyzed by an EA were 2.30% and 0.21% with standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.01, respectively. Relative standard deviations were 0.01 and 0.06, respectively, representing a high precision. Regression analysis of TOC and TC analysis results for the samples with TOC of less than 2.0% for the site in Hyung-Do showed a linear relationship with a slope of 0.9743($R^2$=0.9989, n=38), and the results of a relationship regression analysis between total organic carbon contents less than 0.5% and average grain size except for two samples showed a linear relationship with a slope of 0.0444($R^2$=0.6937 n=36). TOC contents of surface sediments were in the ranges of 0.10~1.67%(Average $0.26{\pm}0.37%$) with TOC values of 1.67% at S02 sampling site, 1.13% at S07 sampling site, and less than 1.00% at remaining sites. In the case of PC 01 core sediments, TOC showed the highest value of 0.20% near 70 cm. In the case of PC 02 core sediments, the highest value of 0.24% was indicated near 60 cm. The analysis method of organic carbon obtained from Hyung-Do Intertidal zone sediment sample results may be considered applicable to an organic carbon analysis for ocean sediments and useful for organic carbon analysis experiments of ocean sediments with a reduction in time required for the analysis and a high precision coupled with a high accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 2014

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is recognizing one of method responding the climate change with reduction of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. In Korea, due to its geological characteristics, sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage is regarded as more practical approach than on-land storage under the goal of its deployment. However, concerns on potential $CO_2$ leakage and relevant acidification issue in the marine environment can be an important subject in recently increasing sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage sites. In the present study effect data from literatures were collected in order to conduct an effect assessment of elevated $CO_2$ levels in marine environments using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) various marine organisms such as microbe, crustacean, echinoderm, mollusc and fish. Results from literatures using domestic species were compared to those from foreign literatures to evaluate the reliability of the effect levels of each biological group and end-point. Ecological effect guidelines through estimating level of pH variation (${\delta}pH$) to adversely affect 5 and 50% of tested organisms, HC5 and HC50, were determined using SSD of marine organisms exposed to the $CO_2$-induced acidification. Estimated HC5 as ${\delta}pH$ of 0.137 can be used as only interim quality guideline possibly with adequate assessment factor. In the future, the current interim guideline as HC5 of ${\delta}pH$ in this study will look forward to compensate with supplement of ecotoxicological data reflecting various trophic levels and indigenous species.