• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1249-1258
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• 2022

Marine debris is defined as a substance that is intentionally or inadvertently left on the shore or is introduced or discharged into the ocean, which has or is likely to have a harmful effect on the marine environments. In this study, the detection of marine debris and the analysis of the amount of change on marine debris were performed using the object detection method for an efficient method of identifying the quantity of marine debris and analyzing the amount of change. The study area is Yuho Mongdol Beach in the northeastern part of Geoje Island, and the amount of change was analyzed through images collected at 15-minute intervals for 32 days from September 12 to October 14, 2022. Marine debris detection using YOLOv5x, a one-stage object detection model, derived the performance of plastic bottles mAP 0.869 and styrofoam buoys mAP 0.862. As a result, marine debris showed a large decrease at 8-day intervals, and it was found that the quantity of Styrofoam buoys was about three times larger and the range of change was also larger.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.219-230
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• 2023

Marine waste is classified according to its location into coastal waste, floating waste, and submerged waste. As awareness of environmental issues increases, research on marine submerged waste in addition to visible trash is needed. In Korea, which is surrounded by the sea on three sides, this is a study on the distribution of marine sedimentary waste by type in the West Sea of Korea. Through the study, waste synthetic resin, scrap metal, waste tires, and others appeared in the order of large amounts. As a result showing the seriousness of waste synthetic resin among sediments deposited in the West Sea, it is expected to have a huge impact not only on the marine ecosystem but also on our lives in the near future. Through this study, it is judged that it will be helpful for future collection activities by recognizing marine submerged waste that was not known because it was invisible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2013

Even though styrofoam buoys represent a large portion of beached marine debris in Korea, efficient government actions have been lacking to address them. Three participatory workshops were organized from 2010 to 2012 to develop policy measures to manage styrofoam buoy marine debris. The first workshop held in 2010 was organized in order for workshop participants to understand and share the styrofoam debris issue. Participating stakeholders suggested policy measures to address styrofoam debris through brainstorming in the second workshop in 2011. In the third workshop organized in 2012, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to set priorities for 16 selected policy measures. A total of 56 people participated in AHP, and answers of 40 participants that passed the consistency test were analyzed. 'Beach cleanup by public works program' ranked highest in priority, followed by 'Development of alternative buoy and aquaculture technologies'. Other research projects also ranked high in priority. Feasibility of policy measures was considered the most important criterion in the priority setting, followed by effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability. This study demonstrated that participatory workshops in which diverse stakeholders take part in could provide a valuable tool in developing practical policy measures on styrofoam buoy marine debris.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.69-69
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• 2002

갯대추(Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poiret)는 갈매나무과에 속하는 낙엽관목으로 드물게 교목으로 자라며, 우리나라에서는 제주도에만 분포하는 것으로 알려진 희귀식물이다. 이 종의 주요 분포대는 동아시아의 열대 및 아열대로 제주도는 위도 상 북한계로 알려져 환경부 지정 보호식물 제 39호로 지정\ulcorner보호하고 있으나 자생지에 대한 구체적인 조사가 이루어진 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 자생지의 현황과 생육상황을 파악하여 자생지 보전에 기여하고자 실시하였다. 갈매나무과는 세계적으로 58속 900여종이 분포하고, 갈매나무속(Genus Rhamnus), 헛개나무속(Genus Hovenia), 대추속(Genus Zyzyphus) 등이 주요 속으로 알려져 있으며, 그 중 갯대추속(Genus Paliurus)은 과실이 건과이고 날개가 있는 특징으로 다른 속과 구별된다. 꽃은 양성화로 7월~9월에 피고, 화서는 수 개의 꽃이 달리는 취산화서, 열매는 반구형으로 과병에 연한 갈색의 복모가 있으며 얕게 3부분으로 갈라져 각 실마다 편평한 공모양의 종자가 1개씩 들어있다. 갯대추 자생지는 제주도의 동부지역인 북제주군 구좌읍 김녕에 1개소, 남부지역인 남제주군 남원읍 태흥에 1개소, 서부지역인 북제주군 한경면 용당에 1개소, 한경면 용수에 1개소, 한경면 신창에 3개소 및 남제주군 대정읍 일과에 2개소 등 총 6지역 9개소였다. 분포지는 해발 20m이하의 해안가 토심이 얕은 암반 위였으며, 주로 해수의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 곳이었다. 생육상황을 조사한 결과 바다 쪽으로 갈수록 수고가 급격히 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 최소 0.3m, 최대 4.5m였고 평균 1.6m 정도였다. 수반종으로는 순비기나무와 갯기름나물, 갯까치수영 등 해안식생의 구성종이 대부분이었으며, 돌가시나무, 상동나무 등도 혼생하는 것으로 조사되었다. 자생지 위협요인으로는 양식장 시설, 도로개발, 해안매립 및 쓰레기 투기 등과 같은 인위적 간섭과 상동나무 등 주변식물의 피압이 주 요인이었다. 한편 갯대추는 희귀식물로서 뿐만 아니라 해류에 의해 전파되는 종으로 알려져 있어 제주도의 식물지리학적 연구에도 좋은 연구대상이 되고 있으므로 종 보전대책 및 자생지 보호에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

A study on the occurrence and movement of marine debris is required for protecting the marine environment and ecosystem from marine pollution. The aim of this study is to show annual production and movement characteristics through analysis for the flow path, composition and the sources of marine debris. This study analyzed the distribution and characteristics of marine debris collected in the region of $100\;m{\times}20\;m$($=2,000\;m^2$) at the Daekwang Beach in the Yellow Sea. During the collection period from 2008 to 2010, the total weight of the marine debris was 1,445 kg in this site. The most marine debris was plastic amounting to 46.5% of the whole collection; the rest were styrofoam(20%) and wooden material(12.6%). The amount of marine debris mused from foreign country observed 155.5 kg, more than 90% of them was plastic came from China such as buoys. Additionally, this study analyzed seasonal change if marine environment to understand occurrence amount change if marine debris. 2009 and 2010 was high occurrence ratio in season that the north wind is very strong and the occurrence rate appeared highest by 40% in the summer(July) of 2008 that appeared westbound tidal current. Overall, marine Debris mused from foreign country was high occurrence ratio in January, May and then November has a lot of quantity secondly. While, occurrence ratio was the highest by 46% summer(July) in 2008, but in 2009 and 2010 showed the lowest rate to 4%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2021

최근 환경 문제과 관련하여 건설 분야에서 발생하는 환경적인 부담을 줄이고자 다양한 재활용 소재들에 대한 연구에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 특히 폐기물 중 생활계에서 발생하는 폐플라스틱은 '쓰레기 대란'이라는 사회적 문제로 대두된 사례가 있다. 생활계에서 발생하는 폐비닐은 다양한 조성으로 이루어져 재활용 대상에서 제외되기 때문에 매립 또는 소각되는 플라스틱의 양을 줄이고 재활용율을 늘릴 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 생활계에서 발생하는 폐비닐을 융용시켜 무기첨가제 등을 한 복합 Alloy를 생산한다. 또한 재생이 가능한 복합 Alloy를 압출 또는 사출 과정을 통해 테트라포드의 형태를 만들 수 있는 Preform으로 가공하는 공정연구 하였으며 이러한 Preform을 해안 및 항만에서 사용되는 콘크리트 피복재에 적용하였을 때 플라스틱 소재와 콘크리트 소재의 비중의 차이로 인해 발생하는 안정성을 정량적으로 평가하는 수리모형 실험를 수행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing the practical park management. For this, satisfaction degree, satisfaction factors and estimated model by satisfaction variables of visitors analyzed through a questionnaire survey in Byeonsanbando National Park, Korea. In the evaluation of the satisfaction, variables of 'careless cooking'. 'collection of natural plants & animals', 'Noise and urination on the road' and 'Littering problem' at Naesosa and 'crowding', 'touting', 'Indiscreet use' and 'Illegal merchant' at Gyeokpo was most unsatisfied than any other variables. Satisfaction factors by Factor Analysis were loaded with 'user management' at Naesosa(65.1%) and 'business behavior management at Gyeokpo(68.4%) by the highest contribution degree. In estimated model of satisfaction by Multiple Regression Analysis showed in order of 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'crowding' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Naesosa and 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'Illegal merchant', Lack of facility to stay' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Gyeokpo. So, Mountain and marine National Parks needed different management policy and are required to institutional apparatus for user education.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

This study was carried out to provide basic data for efficient park management by analysing visitors' satisfaction factors and estimated regression model through questionnaire survey method at Taeanhaean National Park in Korea. Performance(satisfaction) variables as 'touting', 'illegal merchant', 'noise', 'indiscreet use' and 'collection of natural plants or animals', and Importance variables as 'littering problem', 'water pollution act', 'careless cooking' and 'exorbitant pay' were relatively high score. It was clarified that the 'souvenir & special product', 'lack of use program' 'lack of public facility', 'lack of information facility', and 'lack of commercial facility' were 'concentrate here' ones by the Importance-Performance analysis. 'Facility management', 'Use management' and 'Resource management' factors were found out by Factor Analysis and the 'Facility management' was the biggest factor accounting for 32.6% of all. In the estimated model by Multiple Regression Analysis, 'lack of employee's guidance or kindness', 'lack of convenience facility', 'noise', 'lack of facilities to stay' and 'charge of user fee, parking fee' were the variables to impact visitors' satisfaction and to need concentrated management. These results were unique characteristics of marine national park and then the different management strategy and policy from mountain national park were necessary.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

In 2021, the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), a U.N. advisory research institute, cited container loss as one of six sources of marine litters in shipping. The sinking of the X-P ress Pearl in May 2021 caused a catastrophic environmental pollution accident in which the loaded containers were moved to the shore, and the plastic pellets were loaded inside covered the coast of Sri Lanka. With this history, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will discuss prevention and follow-up measures for container loss during ship voyages, as an agenda at the 8th Sub Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers meeting in September 2022. To establish Korea's response direction at the IMO meeting, this study identified major causes of container loss accidents, and considered the response through analysis based on the accident investigation report and related professional data. As a result, it was found that the major cause of container loss during voyages was the enlargement of container ships, bad weather, and poor loading of containers. In particular, the need to prepare countermeasures for the deterioration of the operational safety of large container ships due to bad weather was identified. Additionally, integrated monitoring of the implementation of international conventions is required, for the safe sea transportation of container cargo. In particular, in terms of preservation of the marine environment, it is necessary to supplement the system for the recovery of lost containers. Finally, it was found that it is necessary to establish systems that can complement each other in the shipbuilding and shipping industries, in terms of shipbuilding as well as ship operation, to fundamentally prevent container loss accidents at sea. It is judged that it is difficult to resolve the various factors of container loss at sea during voyages, by responding from an individual perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2024

As coastal areas have a distinct nature with the interaction of the lands and waters, they attract people to enjoy and experience the natural environments physically and intellectually; this generates cultural ecosystem services. Coastal beaches are one of the most common coastal areas for cultural ecosystem services. The purpose of this study was to 1) estimate the economic values of cultural ecosystem services derived from coastal beaches, and 2) expand the estimated values into other beaches across the country using a benefit transfer method. We divided the values of cultural ecosystem services into five different categories based on an extensive literature review: recreation and tourism, landscape and aesthetic, educational, heritage, and inspirational values. The values of tourism and recreation, landscape and aesthetic, and educational services were estimated using the choice experiments. The attributes of the choice experiments consisted of conservation funds, litter, water quality, seascape, landscape, and biodiversity, and the data were collected through online surveys with visitors of 11 representative beaches in Korea. Heritage and inspiration services were estimated using a market goods method based on their expenditures. These values were transferred to 257 beaches across the country. Study results can be used for policy decisions on various restoration and conservation projects caused by coastal erosion and development and on the need and extent of public investments.