• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1997

The antioxidant activities of Korean Red Ginseng Extract(RGE) and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, as reference compound, were tested with HPLC and fluorometry which measure the MDA after reacting an aqueous 1% linoleic acid buffer solution, and LDL(1 mg protein/ml) buffer solution with $H_2O_2{\;}and{\;}FeCl_2$. The generation of conjugated-diene in LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml) was also measured by spectrometry. MDA determination showed the antioxidant effect on linoleic acid oxidation with oxidation inhibition ratio of 71.8% and 76.1%, respectively, by addition of 1000 ppm RGE and 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. LDL(1 mg protein/ml) oxidation was inhibited by 25.2% and 21.2%, respectively, by addition of 200 ppm REG and 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. The generation of conjugated diene in LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml) was also inhibited by 44.2%, by addition of 50 ppm RGE.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1281-1286
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• 2010

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by glucocerebrosidase functional deficiency and the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), with an incidence of about 1 in 20,000 new births. Resveratrol, one kind of phytoalexin, is a produced naturally by several plants and has anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective effects. In this paper we provide the cellular protective effect of resveratrol in both type I and type II Gaucher disease cells. Resveratrol treatment did not show any significant change in the p21 and p53 mRNA expression level, however expression level of the p21 protein, a cell cycle arrest factor, shows significant increment in both types of Gaucher disease cells. These cell cycle arrest patterns were confirmed by both MTT assay measurement and microscopy detection. In comparison, expression level of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), an apoptosis indicator protein, was significantly decreased in both type I and II Gaucher disease cells after treatment with resveratrol. This result indicates that resveratrol relievescellular apoptotic stress fromtype I and II Gaucher disease cells. Therefore, we demonstrate that resveratrol inhibits cell proliferation via p21 activity and activates cellular repair systems for Gaucher disease cells. Our results provide at least one of the molecular mechanisms of Gaucher disease and may allow the verification of potential drug targets for therapeutic trials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.542-547
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• 2008

The anti-diabetic effects of water extracts (WE) from medicinal herbs on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes, such as glucokinase (GCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, were studied using the cytosol fraction in liver and mitochondia fraction in heart of a type II diabetic animal (GK rat, Goto-Kakizaki). The free radical scavenging activity of water extracts by DPPH method was also tested. We found that free radical scavenging activity was strong in Corni fructu (CF), Mokdan Bark (MDB), Chenhwabon (CHB) and Sanyack (SY), while that of Backbocreng (BBR), Shuckgihwang (SGH) and Taecsa (TS) was lower. For GCK activity in cytosol of liver, CF and CHB had a more effective activity than other extracts. PDH activity in mitochondria fraction of heart was higher in all of the extracts, expect for the TS extract, than in the control. ACC activity in cytosol fraction of liver was significantly higher in the CF, CHB, SGH, TS and SY extracts than in the control. CF, BBR and MDB led to a decrease in the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. Therefore, these results suggest that all of the extracts may be used as functional material in the development as anti-diabetic functional food and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 1987

The damage of plasmid DNA by lipid peroxidation and its inhibition were investigated through the model system of DNA and linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of DNA damage increased in proportion to the increase of concentration and peroxidation of linoleic acid. DNA damage induced from linoleic acid peroxidation was greatly inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers, especially, singlet of oxygen scavenge$(\alpha-tocopherol,\;cysteine)$ and superoxide anion scavenger(superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid) in reaction system. These active oxygens, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation (POV below 100 mg/kg) and also scanvenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Hydroperoxide isolated from autoxidised linoleic acid showed DNA damage. Hydroperoxide induced-DNA damage was not inhibited by active oxygen scavengers. Lipid oxidation products, malonaldehyde and hexanal, also influenced on the DNA damage. Accordingly, it is speculated that DNA damage by lipid oxidation products is due to active oxygens such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion formed in the early stage of peroxidation, direct action of hydroperoxide and formation of low molecular carbonyl compound-DNA complex. Furthermore, DNA damage induced by lipid peroxidation was remarkably inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers and natural antioxidative fractions extracted from garlic and ginger. These antioxidative fractions also suppressed the generation of active orygens and linoleic acid oxidation. It is assumed that the inhibition of DNA damage by garlic and ginger extracts is due to the scavenging effect of active oxygens and the inhibition of hydroperoxide and oxidation products formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2002

Catalase(CAT)는 주요한 활성산소(ROS)의 일종인 과산화수소($H_2O$$_2$)가 Hydroxyl 유리기 생성에 관여하지 못하도록 $H_2O$$_2$를 $H_2O$ 및 $O_2$로 대사시켜 주는 효소계 항산화제의 한 종류이다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 CAT가 5% $O_2$및 20% $O_2$조건하에서 1-세포기 돼지체외수정란의 배발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 돼지난포란을 10% PFF, 0.1mg/ml cysteine, 10IU/m1 PMSG, 10IU/m1 hCG 및 10ng/m1 EGF가 첨가된 NCSU23 배양액에서 22시간 동안 배양을 실시하고, 성선자극호르몬이 배제된 배양액에서 추가로 22시간을 배양하여 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙이 유기된 난자는 난구세포를 제거하고, 2.5mM caffeine과 0.1% BSA가 첨가된 mTBM 배양액에 정자를 1.25 $\times$ $10^{5}$cells/ml의 농도로 5-6시 동안 공동배양을 실시하여 체외수정을 유도하였다. 체외수정후 1-세포기의 수정란을 0.4mg/ml BSA가 첨가된 NCSU23 배양액에 CAT를 각각 0, 100, 500 및1,000uni1 첨가하여 30 embryos/ 50u1 소적으로하여 38.8$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$및 5%$CO_2$, 5% $O_2$90% $N_2$조건하의 배양기에서 각각 7일간 배양을 실시하였다. 조사된 결과는 SAS/STAT 6.03 Package를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 체외배양 48시간에 난할률을 조사하였을 때, 대조구와 처리구간 차이가 인정되지 않았으나, 배양 7일째 배반포형성률에 있어서는 각각 22.7$\pm$2.7, 22.1$\pm$3.9, 18.7$\pm$4.9, 및 15.1$\pm$2.5%로서 처리구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 그리고 산소농도에 따른 배반포형성률은 5% $O_2$ 조건(22.1$\pm$2.4%)이 20% $O_2$조건(17.2$\pm$2%)보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총세포수에 있어서는 각각 44.4$\pm$4.0, 43.3$\pm$36, 25.4$\pm$2.4 및 13.4$\pm$1.5로서 처리구가 대조구보다 세포수가 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 산소농도에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 따라서, 체외생산된 돼지초기수정란을 배양할 때, CAT의 첨가는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.515-523
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• 2001

Background: More than 70% of morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus is due to macrovascular complications. These complications may be associated with defect of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. There have been suggestions that this defect might be due to direct toxicities of oxygen-free radical. So in this study ascorbic acid was used as a dietary supplement in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to correct this defect. Material and Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were divided into control and experimental groups. Streptozotocin was injected to the 33 rats of experimental group and then divided into two the other receiving subgroups; one receiving ascorbic acid supplement(1 g/l in drinking water); and nosupplements. At 6, 9 and 12 weeks, abdominal aortic rings were obtained to make tissue preparations for evaluation of vascular smooth muscle contractility. Result: While control group showed good response to acetylcholine induced relaxation, diabetic group showed decreased relaxation regardless of ascorbic acid supplement at the experiments 6 weeks after streptozotocin treatment. This abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was markedly reversed at 9 and 12 weeks into the diabetic group with ascorbic acid supplement. There were no differences in sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation responses between control and experimental groups; also, norepinephrine induced contractile responses did not show any remarkable effects. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the endothelial cells have defects in diabetic rats. Dietary supplement of ascorbic acid can reverse the defects of diabetic endothelial cells through its antioxidant effects and it may further protect against vascular disease in diabetic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mulberry juice and cake powder on blood glucose and lipid status along with intestinal disaccharidase and erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned to one normal group, and eight STZ-induced diabetic groups: control diet group without mulberry juice and cake powders (DM-C), three mulberry juice powder groups (0.5%: DM-0.5J, 1%: DM-1J, 2%: DM-2J) and low mulberry cake powder groups (0.25%: DM-0.25C, 0.5%: DM-0.5C, 1%: DM-1 C, 2%: DM-2C). After three-week feeding of each experimental diet, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.3) via tail vein of eight DM groups. Rats were sacrificed at the 9th day of diabetic states. Level of blood glucose was 505 mg/dl in DM-C group but it was 28% and 39% lower in mulberry juice and cake powder fed groups, respectively, than the DM-C group. Activities of maltase, sucrase and lactase in proximal part of small intestine were significantly lower in the mulberry juice and cake powder groups by $42{\sim}47%$ than those of DM-C group. Erythrocytic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly reduced by STZ but increased close to normal levels along with less accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol by STZ-DM were reduced and increased respectively, to the norma] levels by the mulberry juice and cake powder. Except the levels of TBARS, the effects on the other measurements by the various dietary levels of mulberry juice and cake powder were almost same and the effect of the cake powder was most significant at the lowest level. These results indicate that mulberry juice and cake powders have consityerable hypoglycemic effect and strengthening antioxidant defense systems at the low levels in diabetic state and may be able to reduce diabetic complications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Curcuma longa L. (CL), a traditional medicinal plant, is well known as a functional food ingredient. The major component of CL is a curcumin of anthocyanin family that has multi-functions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. In this study, fermented milk containing CL was prepared using a mixed strain culture (Bifidobacterium bifidus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus), and its physicochemical properties were characterized. In addition, inflammatory cytokine-modulating effects of the fermented milk were also investigated. As regards the properties of fermented milk, the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk containing CL was found to be remarkably more rapid than control. During fermentation, caseins and whey proteins were observed to be partially hydrolyzed, and lactic acid and acetic acid were produced in larger amounts than in the control. The sensory score of fermented milk containing CL was lower than control, owing to its bitter taste and strong flavor. RAW 264.7 cells treated with CL fermented milk supernatant showed no cytotoxicity. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly produced by fermented milk with CL, compared to control. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased relative to the control. Results from the present study suggested that CL could be used as a natural immunomodulating ingredient for making yogurts, beverages, and other products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.968-973
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• 2004

Effects of Erythronium japonicum methanol extract on ICR mouse with induced abdominal cancer and L1210 cells were studied. Administration of methanol extract ($10-100\;{\mu}g/20\;g$ body weight) prolonged life by 47.8% and decreased number of L1210 cells with $IC_{50}\;of\;54.6\;{\mu}g/mL$ after 3 days culture, whereas little effect was observed against normal lymphocytes (<6% compared to 83.2% of L1210 cells under the same condition). Increased SOD and GPx enzyme activities, and remarkably augmented generation of ${O_2}^-$ ion in L1210 cells by E. japonicum extract, implied that reactive oxygen species including ${O_2}^-$ ion, might have participated in L1210 cell death

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

국토의 효율적 이용과 여가공간의 개발에 있어서 산악지형의 개발 잠재력은 무궁무진하다고 볼 수 있다. 그간에 산악지형의 개발은 관광자원으로서의 활용이라는 견지에서 무분별한 개발과 자연환경 훼손을 방치해왔던 것이 사실이다. 산악지형의 관광자원 활용은 그 범위에 있어서나 방법에 있어서 매우 다양한 방식을 채택할 수 있다. 한국의 산이 보유하고 있는 자연경관과 문화유적이 접목된 명산사찰을 활용한 문화관광, 자연자원의 보존과 경제 개발, 도시민의 위락 여가공간 제공이라는 세 가지 목적을 동시에 충족시킬 수 있는 산악형 자연공원, 동계스포츠 활동을 위한 스키리조트의 개발과 이용, 마지막으로 산악지형의 경제 발전을 위한 대체산업 육성이라는 취지 하에 등장한 산지 카지노리조트 등 사회, 문화, 경제, 보건, 오락 등 산지는 그 효용성을 날로 더해가고 있다. 산은 더 이상 인간과 격리된 공간이 아니라, 인간의 생활 공간이자 휴식공간이며, 다양한 여가행위를 위한 공간이다. 유럽 등 구미 관광 선진국에서는 이미 산악지형 고유의 경제적, 사회적 중요성에 입각하여 공간의 효율적인 정비를 통해 합목적적이고 친환경적인 산악형 리조트 건설을 통해 지속적인 개발을 추진하고 있으며, 개발에 일부제약이 뒤따르기는 하지만, 관광개발을 위해서 환경보존을 필수적인 조건으로 인식하고 있다. 다시 말하면 관광개발과 환경보존은 불가분의 관계에 놓여있다는 것이다. 따라서 산이 우리에게 가져다주는 이로운 점을 생각할 때 인간의 지나친 개발욕구와 몰지각한 자원활용을 위한 관점에서 산을 보아서는 아니될 것이다. 산을 개발하고 정비하여 관광자원으로 활용할 때보다 친환경적인 시각으로 접근해야 하며, 우리의 산이 우리에게 돌려줄 것을 생각하기 보다 우리가 산에게 해주어야 할 것이 무엇인지를 먼저 생각한다면, 산은 우리에게 경제적 이득과 함께 우리의 여가생활을 위한 최적공간으로 다가설 것이다(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)는pocyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3.'S _0-trigallate는 100rM에서 70%의 강한 저해효과를 나타냈으며,epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-epigallo-catechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechin는 51%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 산업적응용을 위해 분획한 폴리페놀군은 미백효과 검증실험인 tyrosinase 저해율 측정평가에서 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높은 Fraction 111의 경우 Sooppm에서 74.2%의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 항산화력 실험에서는500pw1이상에서 강한 활성능을 보인 SOD 유사활성능을 제외한 나머지 DPPH와 xanthine oxidase 저해효과에서는 Fraction II와III 모두가50ppm이상에서 80% 이상의 높은 유리라디칼 소거능력을 나타내었다. 그리고 각 Fraction별 항균력 측정 결과 Fraction 르와 111이 우수하게 나타났고 항균활성은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군은 1.40$\pm$0.24(100%)에 비하여 I3C 저농도 투여 실험군(Group 1; 0.85$\pm$0.23; 61%, P<0.01), 그리고 I3C 고농도 투여 실험군(Group 2 ; 1.32$\pm$0.2