• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.6 s.84
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• pp.55-67
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• 2005

There are 24 airways in Incehon IFR, including 11 domestic routes and 13 international routes. The airways designated by ministry of Transportation and Construction are the routes for aircraft to fly being serviced by air traffic control system for flight safety. This study reviewed safety situation of existing permanent airways within Incheon IFR and temporary airways connecting North and South Korea. The study tried to identify the problems related to airway operation and to suggest solutions to the questionable area. The main findings are as follows: It is necessary to improve the existing normal airway systems and enlargement of the route. The airway A593 has to be upgraded to normal route. The temporary airways established to connect Seoul and Pyongyang also needs to be upgraded by air traffic control transfer agreement between two Koreas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.627-628
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• 2022

There is no internationally accepted codified definition of digital trade because of the wide variety and scope of related industries and transactions(product + service + data) in general. Recently, innovative changes are taking place in digital trade due to the development of technologies such as IT due to the 4th industrial revolution, and advanced countries such as the US, EU, and Japan are including digital trade issues such as data movement liberalization in the negotiation agenda of the digital trade agreement. The issue with the liberalization of cross-border data movement is that freedom of data movement is necessary to vitalize digital trade, but it also increases the risk of information security and privacy violations. Looking at the directions of advanced countries, the US favors minimization of regulations, Europe favors regional single marketization, but passively opens up to the outside world, and China promotes independent markets through regulations. Therefore, measures to strengthen restrictions on cross-border data movement are an issue that has recently been implemented by each country or an international aggrement is scheduled to be reached soon, and Korea also needs a close response.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.305-323
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• 2016

The scope of umbrella clause is very important because it is possible to extend or reduce the range of protection of the investment. Umbrella clause stipulated in the majority of BIT is often controversial, since there is no established criteria for the scope. So, this study considered ICSID arbitration cases related to the scope of umbrella clause. There are two different approaches for the scope of umbrella clause by arbitral tribunals. First, all of the disputes on the investment contract elevated to the disputes on the BIT. And umbrella clause can be applied that the host state entered into investment contract not only as a sovereign but also as a merchant. Second, all of the claims on the investment contract don't elevate to the claims on the BIT. Umbrella clause can be applied only if the host state violates the protected investment contractual rights and obligation under the BIT. And umbrella clause can be applied that the host state entered into investment contract as a sovereign but not as a merchant. Therefore, this study suggests to concretely specify the scope of umbrella clause under the BIT. And it is necessary to improve predictability by establishing continual database of the scope of umbrella clause and to prepare for investment disputes related to the scope of umbrella clause.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.199-204
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• 2000

산업과 과학발달에 의해 더욱 물질적으로 풍요로워진 인류에게 에너지와 환경문제는 새로운 당면문제로 부각되고 있다. 특히 1992년 몬트리올 협정에서는 CFC 및 HCFC의 사용을 각각 1997과 2002년부터 전면 금지시키기로 하였고, 1997년에는 2008-2012년까지 전세계 온실가스 배출량을 5.2% 줄이는 것을 골자로 하는 교토 선언이 합의되었다. 이러한 상황을 타개하기 위한 많은 연구 중 흡수식 열펌프는 환경친화적인 자연냉매를 사용하는 열구동 시스템으로 다시 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 흡수식 열펌프의 구성요소 중 흡수에 의하여 고온의 열을 얻을 수 있는 흡수기에 효율적인 열·물질전달 모드를 적용함으로써 제품의 소형화와 에너지 손실 감소를 이루고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 새로운 흡수기 모드로 연구되고 있는 기포타입모드를 원통형 흡수기에 적용해 보고, 그 특성을 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 흡수기로 유입되는 ammonia gas와 용액을 cocurrnet 및 countercurrent로 흘려주었고, 높이에 따른 농도, 온도 및 압력을 측정·비교해 보았다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.494-501
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• 1996

북핵문제 해결의 대안으로 제기된 대북경수로제공 논의에서 우여곡절 끝에 '한국형경수로 제공'과 '한국의 중심적 역할'이 결정되고 이를 주관할 국제 컨소시엄인 한반도에너지개발기구(KEDO)가 구성되어 북한과는 공급협정을, 한국전력공사와는 주계약자지정합의서를 체결함으로써 상업계약 체결에 관계없이 일단 사업 착수를 위한 큰 틀이 갖추어지게 되었다. 이에 따라 울진 3, 4호기를 참조발전소로 한 경수로 2기가 우리의 주도로 2003년을 목표 시한으로 함남 신포 인근에 건설되게 되었다. 부지조사도 대체로 마무리되어, 곧 환경영향평가 작업이 있을 예정이다. 약 45억 달러가 소요될 건설 비용은 한국이 대부분을, 일본이 상당부분을, 미국이 일부를 맡기로 대체로 합의되어 있으나, 최종 확정에 앞서 논란의 소지가 남아 있으며, 사업 참여 지분을 두고도 KEDO 참여국 간에 갈등이 예상된다. 이 사업의 의의는 크게는 어려움을 겪고 있는 북한의 에너지난 타개를 지원함으로써 그들을 개방으로 이끌어 남북간 화해와 세계평화를 조장하며, 작게는 우리의 원자력산업이 세계시장으로 뻗어 나가기 위한 계기를 마련하는데 있다. 이를 통해 포지티브 섬으로서의 통일의 초석을 마련한다는 민족적 대의에 충실하고 국가이익에 좌우되는 신국제질서의 생리를 직시함으로써 남북문제에 있어서는 대승적 자세로, 국가간 경비분담과 지분배분 협상에는 자주적 자세로 임함으로써 모처럼 원자력계에 주어진 막중한 소임을 차질없이 완수할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.9 s.317
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• pp.64-69
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• 1995

본지에서 소개하고 있는 '한국의 건축가' 기획연재는 그동안 게재 되었던 이희태(95년 3월호 ~ 5월호), 김정수(95년 6월호 ~ 8월호)에 이어 건축가 김수근(1931~1986)에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 이번호부터 소개되는 건축가 김수근편 에서는 그가 태어난 1931년부터 1960년까지의 유년시절과 건축의 수련기(성장배경과 서울의 북촌, 일본에서의 건축교육)를 시작으로 1960년부터 1972년까지의 한국건축의 새로운 이념형을 찾아서(김수근 건축연구소, 한국종합기술개발공사, 인간환경 계획연구소), 공간시대(1972년~1986년)등으로 구분하여 그의 작품세계를 지난해 12월 15일 개최됐던 제6차 아시아건축사대회 기간 중 우리 협회와 몽골건축사협회가 상호 협력을 위한 협정체결을 합의, 서명함으로써 이루어진 이번 여행은 몽골건축사협회 공식 초청으로 지난 7월 22일 시작됐다. 6박 7일의 일정으로 한몽 건축기술 정보교류 및 우호증진과 상호 긴밀한 유대 관계를 위해 김규태 우리협회 회장을 단장으로 한 방문단은 협회이사와 국제위원 7인을 단원으로 구성, 찬란한 역사를 지닌 몽골을 찾았다. 이글은 초원의 나라 몽골을 다녀와서 방문단의 일원으로 참여한 박서홍(희산건축)씨가 몽골건축을 중심으로 그 문화를 소개, 연재한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.419-448
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to conduct a quantitative assessment of potential impacts on the Korean economy of Agreement on Trade in Services Under the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Among the Governments of the Republic of Korea and the Member Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations which was signed on 21 November 2007 using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Tariff equivalents of services were calculated on the basis of concessions made in the Agreement between Korea and ASEAN member countries. The empirical analysis shows that Korea is to get an additional gain in real GDP of 0.04 percent and in welfare of US$106 million, with an increase in per capita utility of 0.03 percent. Total exports and imports of Korea are to rise by US$179 million and $191 million, respectively, causing a trade deficit of $12 million. Korea's exports to ASEAN member countries will increase by $108 million and Korea's imports from them will rise by $278 million, giving rise to a trade deficit of $170 million.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

The Military Demarcation Line(MDL) divided the two Koreas when armistice agreement was signed in 1953, July 27 but there was no regulation for the sea border. Since then, The North has constantly denied the legitimacy of the sea border, which has remained the inter-Korean maritime border. But the armistice agreement has been virtual maritime demarcation line for the avoidance of hostilities on the Korean Peninsula and maintain and manage the armistice system peacefully. Therefore we should strengthen the Korea's sovereignty over the NLL by tightening the effective control.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.517-523
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• 2016

South Korea is the 8th biggest greenhouse gas emitter in the world due to its phenomenal economic growth based on manufacturing, and it is ranked first among OECD members for the rate of increase in emissions. Thus, the Korea government has voluntarily presented a reduction target and demonstrated global leadership. For the reduction of nation's GHG emission, importance of CCU(Carbon Capture and Utilization) along with CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage) technology development is increased. CCU technology is $CO_2$ utilization technology for the usage of $CO_2$ from flue gas and it can create a new economic value while reducing $CO_2$ emission. Therefore, with continued technology development, the number of application of CCU technology is increasing globally.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-44
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• 2017

Though electronic commerce has grown rapidly in international trade, there is no basic consensus for its concept and rule applied. So WTO has done practice of not imposing customs duties on digital contents and been researching overall on electronic commerce through Work Program while many countries of the world attempt to obtain their interests by stipulating chapter of electronic commerce in their FTAs. This paper has compared and analysed chapter of electronic commerce in all the FTAs which Korea has signed and enforced. Korea's FTA stipulates commonly no customs duties, the other chapter's priority when chapter of electronic commerce conflicts the other chapter, electronic authentication, protection of personal information and consumer protection. But it has weak consistency and framework as it has different provisions for the objects of electronic commerce respectively, reserves classification & applied rule for electronic commerce, stipulates differently on non discrimination treatment and so on. Korea should participate in the research of international organization including WTO and cope actively and elastically by analysing the provisions of electronic commerce of the other countries' FTA such as USA, EU, CHINA and so on.