• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.75-92
• /
• 2020

In most cases of the water balance analysis, the return flow ratio for each water supply was uniformly determined and applied, so it has been contained a problem that the volume of available water would be incorrectly calculated. Therefore, sewage and wastewater among the return water were focused in this study and the data-driven model was developed to forecast the outflow from the sewage treatment plant. The forecasting results of LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), GRU (Gated Recurrent Units), and SVR (Support Vector Regression) models, which are mainly used for forecasting the time series data in most fields, were compared with the observed data to determine the optimal model parameters for forecasting outflow. As a result of applying the model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the GRU model was smaller than those of the LSTM and SVR models, and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) was higher than those of others. Thus, it was judged that the GRU model could be the optimal model for forecasting the outflow in sewage treatment plants. However, the forecasting outflow tends to be underestimated and overestimated in extreme sections. Therefore, the additional data for extreme events and reducing the minimum time unit of input data were necessary to enhance the accuracy of forecasting. If the water use of the target site was reviewed and the additional parameters that could reflect seasonal effects were considered, more accurate outflow could be forecasted to be ready for climate variability in near future. And it is expected to use as fundamental resources for establishing a reasonable river water management system based on the forecasting results.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2022

With the aim of an intelligent world in the age of individual customization through decentralization of information and technology, sharing/opening, and connection, we often see a tendency to cross expectations and concerns in the technological discourse and interest in artificial intelligence more than ever. Recently, it is easy to find claims by futurists that AI singularity will appear before and after 2045. Now, as part of preparations to create a paradigm of coexistence that coexists and prosper with AI in the coming age of artificial intelligence, a standard framework for setting up more correct AI ethics and regulations is required. This is because excluding the risk of omission of setting major guidelines and methods for evaluating reasonable and more reasonable guideline items and evaluation standards are increasingly becoming major research issues. In order to solve these research problems and at the same time to develop continuous experiences and learning effects on AI ethics and regulation setting, we collect guideline data on AI ethics and regulation of international organizations / countries / companies, and research and suggest ways to set up a standard framework (SF: Standard Framework) through a setting research model and text mining exploratory analysis. The results of this study can be contributed as basic prior research data for more advanced AI ethics and regulatory guidelines item setting and evaluation methods in the future.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.59-88
• /
• 2021

The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea recently enacted laws to fortify sanctions about data manipulation of pharmaceutical companies. The medicine approval system is the result of legislative efforts to prevent accidents that caused damages to patients' life and health. The medicine approval system is based on the trust that the data submitted by pharmaceutical companies is not manipulated. The Supreme Court of Korea clarified that strict standard shoud be required to secure the medicine safety in Supreme Court Decision 2008Du8628 decided November 13, 2008. We agree. This paper suggest legislation to weaken the economic incentives for pharmaceutical companies to choose data manipulation by minimizing the expected profit. In addition to revoking the marketing authorization of the medicine, the 'unfair' profits the pharmaceutical company has earned must be recovered. In addition, in order to increase the possibility to discover data manipulation, it is necessary to strengthen the review capacity and to activate the whistle-blowing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2021

Unification means the change of the economic system from 'Planned Economy' of the North Korea to 'Market Economy' of the South Korea. Therefore, it may cause confusions and difficulties for North Koreans who have been under planned economy for ages. So, we need to take the perspective of behavioral economics for the effective education. First of all, it is about overall finance, which contains the record of financial transactions, effect of inflation, investors' bounded rationality, and choice difficulty of financial products. Second, it is about borrowings, which includes the credit management, interest rate of difference among financial institutions. Third, it is about investment on financial products, which includes the effect of cost on returns, difference between compound interest and simple interest, trade-off between expected return and risk, market and non-market risks, the importance of diversification, and passive & aggressive investments.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2021

This study evaluated the dietary habits and health behaviors of Korean adolescents according to their nutrition label utilization. This study was conducted on the adolescents aged between 12 and 18 who participated in the 2016-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were classified into nutrition label utilizing group and non-utilizing group. Then the general information, diet habit and nutrient intakes, health status and obesity and mental health of the two groups were analyzed. There was no significant difference in skipping breakfast, frequency of eating out, smoking status and alcohol drinking status according to the utilization of nutrition labels. Nutrition label utilizing group had higher % KDRI of protein(p<0.05), calcium (p<0.01), phosphorus(p<0.01) and potassium intakes(p<0.01) than non-utilizing group. Nutrition label utilizing group had higher EQ-5D score(0.97) than non-utilizing group(p<0.001). Practical nutrition education using nutrition label is needed. So these results can be useful for supporting dietary education regarding use of nutrition label for adolescents.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.373-395
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to examine how prospective mathematics teachers (PMTs) perceive collaborative problem-posing (CPP) as a method to cultivate students' creativity and character in mathematics education. This is to propose the introduction of CPP at the stage of preparatory math teacher education as one of the ways to reinforce the creativity and character education capacity of PMT), and to attempt to be an opportunity to actively utilize CPP in math teaching-learning in the school field for the education of students' creativity and character. To achieve this objective, I designed PMTs taking the 'Educational Theories for Teaching Mathematics' course, required in the second year of university, to experience CPP tasks. Data were collected through questionnaires or interviews over three years on how PMTs recognized the CPP tasks as a tool to cultivate students' creativity and character in secondary schools. The results of the study are as follows. First, PMTs recognized regardless of their CPP experience that CPP might have a positive impact on improving students' ability to devise various ideas and that it positively influences students' attitudes toward building interpersonal relationships, including teamwork, respect, and consideration. Second, the experience of PMTs participating in the CPP made them more positively aware that CPP is effective in improving students' ability to elaborate on ideas. Third, the PMTs' experience of participating in CPP led to a more positive perception of the impact of CPP on the students' abilities and attitudes, namely, the students' ability to elaborate on ideas and their inner attitudes toward individuals, including honesty, fairness, and responsibility, and the attitude of students regarding logically presenting their opinions and making rational decisions. Finally, if there are downsides to the offline environment, an online environment may be more beneficial.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.954-966
• /
• 2021

With regards to the marine spatial plannings of the world, the spaces are being managed through the integration of various uses and the establishment of systems and laws in the perspective of the utilization of spaces. In the perspective of policy establishment, the policy readiness level is applied to analyze the trends in the studies on South Korea's marine spatial plans. The scope of the study included analyzing marine spatial plan as a keyword in articles published over the period from 2010 to 2020. The methods of analysis included the analyses of the frequency of word appearance, word clouds, and appearance intensity, which were used to identify key issues. Five keywords that were related to the topics were identified, and were again used to identify the key themes. The core themes were changing in all phases, such as the principles development phase, institutionalization phase, policy verification phase. For future benefit, this requires more research in South Korean public organizations and universities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2021

The reasonable decision making procedure for conducting follow-up management of water-friendly riverfront have been proposed in the national streams when the use of the level of usage for facility becomes degraded. It consists of two part usage: the selection of destination and the follow-up strategy with the alternatives. Considering the water-friendly riverfront grade derived from prior research, Grade IV and V were selected as candidates, and if the economic utility became low, it should be selected as candidates for the follow-up management. In addition, the basic plan for follow-up management was reviewed and alternatives suitable for the strategy could be derived considering the need for the operation of water-friendly riverfront in target site. The prior study on the follow-up decision making process of the water-friendly riverfront has not yet been confirmed, but since the life cycle of such facilities become almost expired, systematic procedures are needed to enable the use of administrative procedures for users' convenience and safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.1259-1266
• /
• 2022

Recently, due to the specialization of structural design standards and evaluation methods, the classification rules are being integrated. A good example is the common international rules (CSR). However, detailed regulations are presented only for the cargo hold area where the longitudinal load is greatly applied, and no specific evaluation guidelines exist for the bow and stern structures. Structural design of the mentioned area is carried out depending on the design experience of the shipbuilder, and because no clear standard exists even in the classification, determining the root cause is difficult even if a structural damage problem occurs. In this study, an engineering-based solution was presented to identify the root cause of representative cases of buckling damage that occurs mainly in the stern. Buckling may occur at the panel wall owing to hull girder bending moment acting on the stern structure, and the plate thickness must be increased or vertical stiffeners must be added to increase the buckling rigidity. For structural strength verification based on finite element analysis modeling, reasonable solutions for load conditions, boundary conditions, modeling methods, and evaluation criteria were presented. This result is expected to be helpful in examining the structural strength of the stern part of similar carriers in the future.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2023

Recently, local governments have recognized river zones as leisure spaces and local festival venues, and hence, the pressure for developing these zones has increased significantly. However, given the unique functionalities of river zones and the time and costs associated with maintaining facilities and restoring damaged areas, a development plan must be selected carefully. To preserve river zones and to facilitate nature-friendly space utilization, this study focused on improving environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is an institutional implementation procedure for project plans. This study prepared a draft guide for EIA by providing an overview of the research background and survey outcomes, including the status of laws and regulations on river zones, development plans, and opinions on EIA. The results showed that because strategic EIA of basic river plans is important for district designation of river zones and the scope and direction of space utilization, it is necessary to establish a more meticulous business plan before reviewing and evaluating the mini EIA linked to the future implementation of a plan to derive a reasonable assessment. Additionally, this study provides a draft guide for EIA to evaluate the suitability of water-friendly facility construction plans considering the location characteristics and to reflect the factors that can reduce the environmental impacts during the mini EIA stage. In the future, we expect that the results of this study will serve as a foundation for establishing instructions and guides for the development of nature-friendly and water-friendly facilities in river zones during the establishment of plans.