• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2021

Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) takes a holistic view that emphasizes the balance between the elements constituting the human body or between the human body and the external environment. To investigate the holistic properties of TKM, here we propose to apply the methodology of complexity science to the TKM research. Complexity science is a discipline for studying complex systems with interactions between components that raise the behaviour as a whole which can be more than the sum of their parts. We first provide an introduction to the complexity science and its research methods, particularly focusing on network science and data science approaches. Next, we briefly present the current status of TKM research employing these methods. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research elucidating the underlying mechanism of TKM, both in terms of biomedicine and humanities.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2022

Objectives : This study aims to propose a processing method for dosage units of medicinal materials and the database schema to manage formula data in Korean medicine ontology. Methods : All dosage units of medicinal materials are collected from the seven textbooks that contain formula data of Korea medicine ontology. Dosages are converted to Arabic numerals and units that are frequently used are converted to representative units. Database schema is designed for processing and managing the formulas and medicinal materials with dosage units. Results : Seven representative units are selected out of 77 units. They will be used in the addition or subtraction of medicinal materials in a formula support system. The remaining units will be made available for references. Conclusions : EMR or chart programs used in clinical hospitals contain formula data that is already standardized. However, the formula data in Korean medicine literature and textbook is not refined, so it is necessary to process the dosages and units of medicinal materials to use in the formula support system. This result is a processing method to utilize the formula data of Korean medicine textbooks and it will be implemented this method in the established formula support system in the future.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

Objectives : To organize the acupoints used to treat disorders of the head and face in the Zhenjiuzishengjing, and examine their characteristics in application. Methods : 1. The head and face area was divided into 8 parts according to the textbook of meridians and acupoints. Channels belonging to each part were marked. 2. Disorders as mentioned in the Zhenjiuzishengjing were categorized into 8 groups, accordingly. 3. Acupoints used to treat each disorder were organized according to the channels each belonged to. 4. The points were divided according to their proximity, and their application frequency was organized. 5. Based on the organized contents, the characteristics of using proximal and distal points, together with the interrelationship between the channel belonging to the afflicted area and the points locations were examined. Results : In treating disorders in the head and face area, various distal points along with proximal points were suggested in the Zhenjiuzishengjing. In some cases, points belonging to a channel that was irrelevant to the afflicted area were used widely; for proximal points, the Governor/Conception/Triple Energizer/Gallbladder channels were used. For distal points, channels that were related to the Five Zhang were used. Conclusions : Based on the contents of the Zhenjiuzishengjing, the following could be concluded: 1. When treating disorders of the head and face caused by heat, distal points were mostly used. 2. In cases where points which are not part of channels that pass the head or face were used, Zhang disfunction was likely behind such points selection.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was conducted to review the research trends in Korean Medicine of pompholyx based on publications in Korea. Methods : Literature published after 2000 were collected using OASIS, NDSL, KISS, and key words searched were "한포진" "발한이상" "pompholyx" "dyshidrotic eczema". Results : 10 case reports and 4 patient studies were selected for study. Conclusions : Korean medicine treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, venesection therapy, herbal medicine, ointments and carbon arc lamp therapy. The most commonly used diagnostic method for pompholyx was inspection along with pulse diagnosis, abdominal diagnosis, tongue diagnosis, culture test, and KOH smear screening. The most frequently used treatment evaluation method was Likert scale while VAS(Visual Analog Scale) and Visual&Subjective symptoms were each used in 4 studies. Among 29 patients in 14 papers who showed clinical manifestations of pompholyx, there were 15 male patients (52%), 14 female patients (48%), and the male to female ratio showed 1.07:1. Symptoms were improved using Korean Medicine treatments including acupuncture and herbal medicine. Concurrent treatment using special treatments such as pharmacopuncture, jiyang-go, bojungikgi-tang(ex), external applications showed higher treatment effects. Korean medical treatment of pompholyx was effective in all studies, but the lack of numbers of research on Korean medicine of pompholyx was witnessed compared to other diseases such as psoriasis. Also considering the number of patients suffering from pompholyx, further studies should be conducted.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2014

Objectives : The effects of ethanol extract of Plantago asiatica L. were investgated on adipocyte differentiation, lipopogenesis, lipolysis and apoptosis using differnentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods : Plantago asiatica L. was extracted with ethanol (CCE). We carried on MTT assay for cell proliferation, Oil Red O staining for determination of cell differentiation and intracelluar adipogenesis. TUNEL staining assay for cell apoptosis, and Western blot analysis for measurement of pAMPK and pACC, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ protein expressions were performed. Results : The addition of CCE up to 0.2 mg/ml into cell culture media showed no cytotoxicity. Treatment of 0.2 mg/ml CCE significantly inhibited differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lipid accumulation of the CCE treated cells was decreased compared with that of control. Induction of cell apoptosis was increased in CCE treated cells compared with that of control. AMPK and ACC levels of the cells with 0.2 mg/ml CCE were led to phosphorylation and also expressions of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, as adipogenic transcription factors, were suppressed compared with those of control. Conclusions : Taken together, these results provide evidence that CCE has a regulatory role in lipid metabolism that is related to differentiation into adipocytes, adipogenesis and apoptosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2021

This study aims to compare nail-fold capillary blood velocity (CBV) according to the presence or absence of cold hypersensitivity in the hands (CHH) using nail-fold capillaroscopy under cold stress conditions. Eleven participants were taken from the cohort study for observing long-term health status of the faculty of Semyung university. Seven of the participants displayed CHH while four showed signs of non-CHH. CBV between 0 and 60 seconds (S1) and between 240 and 300 seconds (S2) was measured under cold stress for 5 minutes, respectively, and the average value was used to compare non-CHH group and CHH group. Body mass index, Nogung (PC8) temperature and temperature difference between Nogung (PC8) and Hyeopbaek (LU4) were significantly lower in CHH group compared to non-CHH group. The S2-S1 CBV difference was negatively correlated with PC8 temperature and PC8-LU4 temperature, and positively correlated with cold pattern score and cold hypersensitivity visual analog scale. The CHH group had a lower CBV overall than non-CHH group, and the S2-S1 CBV difference was significantly higher in the CHH group than in non-CHH group. This study suggests that CBV measured by nail-fold capillarosopy might be a useful indicator of cold hypersensitivity properties.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2024

Objective : Saengkankunbi-tang (SKT) is used as a traditional Korean herbal formula for treatment of liver diseases. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SKT plus Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKE) against arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-mediated acute liver damage in mice. Methods : The cyto-protective effects of SKT + EKE were determined by MTT assay, western blot and fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis. In mice, blood biochemistry and western blot were assessed in CCl₄-induced acute hepatic damage. The animal groups included vehicle-treated control, CCl₄, SKT (200 mg/kg/day), EKE (100 mg/kg/day), SKT (200 mg/kg/day) + EKE (100 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day). Results : In HepG2 cells, pretreatment with SKT + EKE significantly suppressed cytotoxicity induced by AA + iron and reduced the expression of proteins related to apoptosis. In addition, pretreatment with SKT + EKE significantly prevented the increase in H₂O₂ production, GSH depletion, and lower mitochondrial membrane potential induced by AA + iron. In CCl₄-induced liver damage mice, the administration of SKT + EKE prevented the liver damage by inhibition of hepatocyte damage and expression of apoptosis proteins in liver. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo assay, SKT + EKE showed significant effect compare with SKT alone or EKE alone in all parameters. Conclusions : These results indicated that SKT + EKE could protect against oxidative stress-induced liver damage, and SKT + EKE is more effective than SKT alone or EKE alone.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-179
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• 2024

Objective : Danggwisu-san (DGSS) is an herbal formula that has been mainly used in the East Asia for the treatment of bruise, sprain and external injury. The cause of this pain is that Qi and blood become tangled and do not circulate well. DGSS can improve the tangled situation and make it well-circulated. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of DGSS on Raw 264.7 cells and in rats with paw edema. Methods : Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) production was measured the amount of nitrite content in the cultured medium using Griess reagent. The amount of tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin (IL)-1βand IL-6 in the cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA kit. Proteins expression were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the effect of DGSS on acute inflammation was observed in rat paw edema model. Results : The DGSS ameliorates the lipopolysaccharide-activated changes in NO production, iNOS expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, DGSS significantly suppressed expression of p-JNK, p-ERK and nuclear NF-κB. As expected, in rat paw edema study, 1.0 g/kg of DGSS significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema and iNOS expression for 1-4 h. Moreover, administration of 1.0 g/kg (4 days) of DGSS used in this study did not show any significant change on ALT and AST. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that DGSS has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this present study can put scientific evidences up for the anti-inflammatory effect of DGSS.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

Objectives: Spatholobi Caulis is the stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn., which has been used for treating menstrual disorders, anemia, and rheumatic arthralgia in traditional Oriental medicine, This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Spatholobi Caulis extract (SCE) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated Raw264,7 cells. Methods : Cell viability was determined by MIT assay. Relative levels of NO were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA Expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins were determined by western blotting. Results : NO production and iNOS expression were increased by incubation with LPS for 24 h. However, the augmented NO was reduced by SCE in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were inhibited by the treatment with SCE, SCE also suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-6. Conclusions : These results indicate that the MeOH extract of Spatholobi Caulis warrant further development as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to report the improvement of a basal ganglia infarction patient with left hemiplegia and gait disturbance after treatment with Korean medicine. Methods: The patient was treated using acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect on clinical symptoms, a manual muscle test, the Modified Functional Ambulation Classification, and the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index were used. Results: After 118 days of treatment, scores for all three scales improved. Conclusion: Treatment with Korean medicine appears to be effective for improving the clinical symptoms of basal ganglia infarction with hemiplegia and gait disturbance, but further research is needed to verify this.