• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2010

Now a days, people eat outside of the home more and more frequently. Menu labeling can help people make more informed decisions about the foods they eat and help them maintain a healthy diet. This study was conducted to develop menu labeling system using Nutri-API (Nutrition Analysis Application Programming Interface). This system offers convenient user interface and menu labeling information with printout format. This system provide useful functions such as new food/menu nutrients information, retrieval food semantic service, menu plan with subgroup and nutrient analysis informations and print format. This system provide nutritive values with nutrient information and ratio of 3 major energy nutrients. MLS system can analyze nutrients for menu and each subgroup. And MLS system can display nutrient comparisons with DRIs and % Daily Nutrient Values. And also this system provide 6 different menu labeling formate with nutrient information. Therefore it can be used by not only usual people but also dietitians and restaurant managers who take charge of making a menu and experts in the field of food and nutrition. It is expected that Menu Labeling System (MLS) can be useful of menu planning and nutrition education, nutrition counseling and expert meal management.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to suggest a convenient method of monitoring the gingival state through plaque detection. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D), which can assess mature plaque, can be used to assess the oral hygiene status of individuals and to establish an adequate intervention plans for them. The subjects of the study participated in the clinical training at Department of Dental Hygiene, N University. The subjects completed questionnaires on general characteristics and oral hygiene methods. Then, photographs of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of the subjects were taken using the QLF-D. After the oral examinations, gingival state was recorded according to the $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness's Gingival Index (GI). In addition, a plaque control record was calculated in percentage using disclosing agent. The analysis of the relation between the plaque control record and the QLF-D scores showed positive correlation (r=0.638, p<0.001), and the analysis of the relation between the QLF-D scores and the gingival bleeding index scores also showed positive correlation (r=0.562, p<0.001). Besides, the study classified the participants into healthy gingiva group and the gingivitis group according to the classification criteria of GI, and when the difference of QLF-D scores between the groups was analyzed, the QLF-D scores were statistically significantly higher (t=-2.785, p=0.007) in the gingivitis group ($1.71{\pm}1.545$) than the healthy gingiva group ($0.74{\pm}1.290$). When the differences in mean values of the QLF-D scores were analyzed against and the gingival bleeding index scores, the QLF-D scores of 0 and 1 belonged to the category of normal gingival state while the QLF-D scores of 2, 3 and 4 belonged to the category of gingivitis state. Therefore, it is deemed that the red fluorescence detected by the QLF-D from the mature supragingival plaque can be used for monitoring the state of gingivitis.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.69
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• pp.41-62
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• 2007

This thesis is focused on the bat symbol, especially prevalent crafts’ pattern in late Joseon period on museum collections. For the use and reperception of them, I am aimed for appropriate analysis of bat symbol by co connotation which reflects the characteristics on number.plastic.color symbol. This point of view, bat idea and bat paintings in Joseon period will be the source of meanings to the denotation of bat patterns. In the museum collections, bat paintings and patterns are calculated 324 objects. By functional classification, the bat patterns on dwelling-crafts for the royal and for the people will be discussed. In result, the bat paintings were only a few, however, usually connoted Taoist hermit with super-natural powers.longevity.protector of Lightning-God.praying for long life, which were based on Taoism. Meanwhile the bat symbol of dwelling-crafts for the royal projected the longevity and prosperity of king and queen. By he Five Blessings and good auspices in Ching dynasty, number of '5.4' implied 'Five Blessings', Through the correct recognition of homo-phone, "a bat(蝠, fu)=happiness(福, fu)$\rArr$five bats(五蝠)$\rArr$Five Blessings(五福 )." In the case of bat symbol on the dwelling-crafts for the people, especially its for women, it expressed on the metal-decoration of furniture and paper-crafts. In the metal-decoration, the signified of bat symbol were expellant-evil('guard') that of characteristic signifier, white-silver color, number '1' and 'flying-type'. The bat symbol on paper-crafts for the people signified 'double happiness'.harmony.sons with number of '2', 'Five Colors' and the transformation of 'flying-type'. Accordingly, the bat symbol on the dwelling-crafts for the people marked 'happiness and guard', because the people had concrete cognition the bat symbol as a denotation of 'happiness and 'guard' by itself

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.382-387
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• 2014

The PC/ABS blends were manufactured with high shear rate processing. Changes of the blend morphology were analyzed according to the screw speed and processing time. To find optimal conditions of the high shear rate processing of the PC/ABS blend, blend morphology and size of the dispersed phase, ABS, were observed with a SEM. Also, tensile properties of the PC/ABS blends were measured to investigate the effect of the high shear rate process with the screw speed of 500 rpm to 3000 rpm for processing times of 10s to 40s. Especially, to observe the dispersed phase of the PC/ABS blend clearly, fracture surfaces of the PC/ABS blend were etched with chromic acid solution. As screw speed and processing time increase, dispersed phase size of the PC/ABS blend decreases and mechanical properties of the blend decrease as well. Especially, at screw speed over than 1000 rpm of high shear rate processing, mechanical properties of the PC/ABS blends decrease drastically due to the degradation of the blend during the high shear rate processing. Consequently, the optimal condition of screw speed of the high shear processing of the PC/ABS blend is set at 1000rpm, in this study. Under optimal condition, the PC/ABS blend has relatively high mechanical properties with the relatively stable micro-structure having nanometer scale dispersed phase.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

High-speed railway raises global interests with the growing concerns on the green development and the green energy. However, since most of the infrastructure investment of Korea was focused on the highway projects for last forty years, the investment on the railway has been limited around 40~50% of that of the highway projects. In addition, due to the world economy crisis and unsatisfactory support of existing policy for the private investment project, the private investment is given a small deal of weight on the social overhead capital investment. Meanwhile, despite the world high-speed railway market is growing rapidly and the Korean contractors have won the international construction contracts over 70 billion USD, past records of railway projects are very rare. Therefore, it is required to develop strategies for encouraging private investment in the domestic market to achieve efficient high-speed railway development and for advancing into foreign high-speed railway market. This study carried out data collection and market analysis for both domestic and foreign market respectively. Through a structured questionnaire survey and expert interviews, contractors' perceptions on the high-speed railway market and needs for the government support are collected. Summary of strategies drawn from this study are as follows: 1) carrying out BTL high-speed railway projects and revising related policies; 2) upwarding incentive level for the private pre-investment projects considering the contractors' credit rating; 3) carrying out Honam-Jeju submarine railway project; 4) establishing a efficient consortium model for foreign market; 5) improving the capacity of the Korea Railway Association that support Korean contractors' foreign advancement; and 6) expand the budget for Global Infra-fund.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2010

Natural compounds have been studied to substitute synthetic antioxidants. In this study, the anti-oxidant activity of 70% acetone extracts from the Vaccinium oldhami fruit was investigated for utilization as ingredients for the cosmetic and bio-industries. Anti-oxidant activity was determined by determining total polyphenolic content, electron donating ability, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ cation radical scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The polyphenolic content of 70% acetone extracts of the Vaccinium oldhami fruit was 55.972 mg TAE/g. In electron donating activity, 70% acetone extracts of the Vaccinium oldhami fruit showed an effect of 93.9%, which was similar to BHA effect at a concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. In the NO radical scavenging ability, 70% acetone extracts of the Vaccinium oldhami fruit showed 60% at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ cation radical scavenging activity of the Vaccinium oldhami fruit at a concentration of 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ was 75.7%. Also, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of 70% acetone extracts showed 80.8% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, whichwas higher than BHA. In the natural compound market, the most important factors are the ability to obtain high effects of a material in low concentrations and a long-lasting supply. The Vaccinium oldhami fruit can be harvested every year - this fulfills one of the requirements. From these results, we can confirm that the Vaccinium oldhami fruit has anti-oxidant abilities and has potential as a natural anti-oxidant agent to be utilized in the cosmeceutical and bio-industries.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out what is the preference of users according to the location of benches at urban community parks. This location of benches is seperated into 4 patterns according to arranging pattern of water space, a walk, pergola and shelter, greenspace. To investigate the visual preference is examined by analyzing visual volume of 4 patterns. Results are as follows; 1. Factor analysis by the total data showed that 5 factors explain 60.40 percent of total variance of the location of bench visual character. They were classified by the sensitive factor, visual factor, physical-individual factor, distinct factor, density factor. Among 5 factors, the sensitive factor which represented psychological reaction was appreciated to be highest. 2. Most of 20 items showed the following scores of mean values in sementic differential experiment : Spot 1->Spot 4-> 2-> 3. The mean values between arrangement place locational differences showed significantly, that could explain to be a violent contrast between the natural factors(weater space, green space, etc) and the artificial factors (around of pergola, shelter, etc)

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Polyethylene pipes has useful benefits which are anti-corrosive and flexible material, so it is used to gas pipes but also class 3 water pipes of nuclear power plant, process pipes of petrochemical plant and chemical plant. So the usage of polyethylene pipes is widely increased. But it has been limited for the usage of polyethylene, because it can not be directly detected to fusion joints by using non destructive evaluation. Polyethylene pipes are connected by two methods, one is butt fusion and the other is electrofusion. Butt fusion is widely used to connecting the pipes. It is proposed to method for determining the reliability of joints in this study that is detection of the melt flow zone at fusion joints. In this study, middle density polyethylene is used, outside diameter of the test specimen is 225mm and thickness is 20.5mm. Speed of ultrasonic of this test specimen is 2,200m/s. Test specimens were fabricated by varying the heating time which means from 0% to 130% applying time through heating plate to polyethylene for detecting melt flow zone. Also 4 additional test specimens were made, one was made that not scrapping attached surface of pipes but applying 100% of the proper heating time and the others were made to include of soil, gravel and vinly tape paper at fusion joints, that were also applied 100% of proper heating time. Ultrasonic testing to measure the melt flow zone of 20 test specimens was conducted by using 3.5MHz and 5.0MHz ultrasonic probes and melt flow zone measuring was conducted to three times at different point to one specimen. To differentiate the melt flow zone signal, post image processing was equally conducted to all test results and image levels, contrast, sharpen, threshold were adopted to all teat results and the test results were displayed gray scale. From the results, for the shorter heating times the reflection area of multiple echo have been increased, so the data was obtained from the position where it can be eliminated as much as possible. At 80% of proper heating time(168 sec.), the signal of melt flow zone was obtained clearly, so measuring could be conducted. From 7% of proper heating time(15 sec.) to shorter heating times. we could not obtain the signal because test specimen was not fused. From the result, we can verify that measuring of melt flow zone by using phased array ultrasonic imaging method is possible. And we can verify to complete and incomplete butt fusion by measuring the melt flow zone.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

This can be promoted collaboration environment for the system and the system is very important for competitiveness, it is equipped. If so, could work in collaboration with members of the organization to promote collaboration what factors? Organizational collaboration and cooperation of many people working, or worth pursuing common goals by sharing information and processes to improve labor productivity, defined as collaboration. Factors that promote collaboration are shared visions, the organization's principles and rules that reflect the visions, on-line system developments, and communication methods. First, it embodies the vision shared by the more sympathetic members are active and voluntary participation in the activities of the organization can be achieved. Second, the members are aware of all the rules and principles of a united whole is accepted and leads to good performance. In addition, the ability to share sensitive business activities for self-development and also lead to work to make this a regular activity to create a team that can collaborate to help the environment and the atmosphere. Third, a systematic construction of the online collaboration system is made efficient and rapid task. According to Student team and A corporation we knew that Cloud services and social media, low-cost, high-efficiency services could achieve. The introduction of the latest information technology changes, the members of the organization's systems and active participation can take advantage of continuing education must be made. Fourth, the company to inform people both inside and outside of the organization to communicate actively to change the image of the company activities, the creation of corporate performance is very important to figure. Reflects the latest trend to actively use social media to communicate the effort is needed. For development of systematic collaboration promoting model steps to meet the organizational role. First, the Chief Executive Officer to make a firm and clear vision of the organization members to propagate the faith, empathy gives a sense of belonging should be able to have. Second, middle managers, CEO's vision is to systematically propagate the organizers rules and principles to establish a system would create. Third, general operatives internalize the vision of the company stating that the role of outside companies must adhere. The purpose of this study was well done in collaboration organizations promoting factors for strategic alignment model based on the golden circle and collaboration to understand and reflect the latest trends in information technology tools to take advantage of smart work and business know how student teams through case analysis will derive the success factors. This is the foundation for future empirical studies are expected to be present.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.163-174
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• 2006

The purpose this study is to discuss effects of product design innovations on small and medium enterprises' business accomplishments and further on raising those enterprises' international competitiveness through reviewing previous studies that quantitatively analyzed economic and technological performance and ripple effects of products developed through design innovations. To determine how much design innovations are influential and contributing to small and medium enterprises' international competitiveness, then, the researcher took most advantage of statistical data from quantitative analyses of business accomplishments brought by design innovation development and investment, or economic effects like sales and exports increase. Results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, product design innovations by small and medium enterprises directly contribute to creating plenty of technological and economical achievements, for example, improved product quality, increased product profitability, the effect of product differentiation, improved price competitiveness and increased business sales and exports. Second, technological and economic achievements brought by product design innovations can directly lead to ripple effects like accumulating related knowledge and know-hows, strengthening the competitiveness of products, improving corporate image, increasing business sales and net profit, and meeting many different consumer requirements. Third, technological and economic achievements and ripple effects brought by product design innovations all become very important factors and sources on which small and medium enterprises strengthen their international competitiveness in world markets and maintain their sustainable competitive advantage. Fourth, business accomplishments or economic effects brought by design innovations can be quantitatively measured and analyzed with statistical data. Additional data from the moves can help understand and express the very value or nature of design in a quantitative way. This study is significant in that its results was made based on statistical data from empirical, objective measurements and quantification. The researcher hopes that the study contributes to promoting design innovations by small and medium enterprises and helps CEOs of those businesses better understand the very value and nature of design.