• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.107-116
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• 2002

Crash Cushion is a kind of safety facilities on roadside which acts the role of absorbing impact energy when vehicles are driven out of normal route such as Gore area of freeway off ramp. Criteria for severity index considering accident occurrence possibility are needed to have strong effect on installing the facilities. However, present criteria for establishing crash cushion design do not include such processes. Therefore, the paper presents two kinds of study to develop criteria for severity index. First of all, development of accident forecasting model on freeway off ramp is presented. The module is a relationship between accidents and road environment by negative binomial distribution (NB) which is called to reflect very well quality of accidents at Gore of crash cushion installed freeway Secondly, freeway exiting behavior model is developed because the human factor is the most important one. However, many literatures have shown between road environment and accidents which are more quantitative than human factor. The study supposed advanced process steps on actual freeway and analysed correlation between variables and accidents. The criteria for severity index is presented to determine whether to install or not by benefit cost analysis for each module. The standard for severity index will help to determine whether to install the crash cushion or not and to estimate severity for freeway and off ramp.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

In this paper, we evaluate the basic test results of the 32 Gbps observational equipment introduced as the back-end system for the wideband VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) observation of KVN (Korean VLBI Network). Radio astronomers want to make a large radio telescope that has excellent performance in order to observe the superfine structure of a celestial body, but a lot of money is needed. Therefore, in order to increase the sensitivity, the performance improvement of the receiving system and the method of observing the wide frequency bandwidth are introduced. To do this, we adopted a wideband sampling method for converting analog signals to digital with ultra-fast speeds and a wideband sampler for performing digital filtering in order to observe a wide observational frequency bandwidth. The wideband sampler (OCTAD-K) supports up to 16 Gsps-2bits sampling and supports a variety of observational bandwidth using digital filtering techniques. In particular, it is designed to support KVN's 4-frequency simultaneous observation system and VERA(VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry)'s 2-beam observation system. It can also support polKVN(Korean VLBI Network), KaVA(KVN and VERA Array), 32Gbps Direct Sampler, Digital Filter, Widebandarization observations and supports the standard VDIF(VLBI Data Interchange Format) format of observed data. In this paper, the performance of the system and the problem solving are described in detail after performing the factory inspection and field test before the system is introduced.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.265-299
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• 2009

The Great Learning is an essential scripture of Confucianism that has had great influence on the politics, thoughts, society and culture of the East Asia which contains Korea, Japan and China. In case of Japan, the doctrine of Toegye(退溪) is flown into pre-Tokugawa era, and as the doctrine of Zhu Xi(朱熹) exercise influences over the other thoughts, the importance of the Great Learning is embossed relatively in Tokugawa era. The characteristic of Japanese confucianism of Tokugawa era is to lay weight on real world as such, and the Japanese confucianism has grown up academically centers on exhaustive reinterpretation about some Confucian classics. And Backho-Yoon Hyu(白湖 尹?), Seokye-Park Sedang(西溪 朴世堂) who lived in 17th century of Joseon dynasty attempt new interpretation about the Great Learning and they have an objection to the explanatory notes of Zhu Xi. In the same period of China, there are similar academic trends around Whang Jong Hi(黃宗羲), Ko Yeom Mu(顧炎武), Wang Fu Chi(王夫之). In other words, new views of real scholarship which reject emptiness and put much value on reality were current of thoughts that have been common to the oriental three countries in early and middle 17th century. The main object of this paper is to understand the attitude and understanding about the Confucian classics especially the Great Learning of the scholars who lived in early and middle Tokugawa era. It will be a decisive clue to understand the ninucture of thoughts system of them. Through these work, we understand how it has had influenced to thinking-ninucture and lives of the Japanese. And the other purpose of this paper is to understand characteristics of them when we compare that vking-ninucture and lives of the Japanese Confuciang-ninearly and middle Tokugawa era with in the same period of Jeseon and the later Ming(明) and early Ching(淸) dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 1998

The NSCAT(NASA Scatterometer) carried by the japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite(ADEOS) was the first high resolution(25 km) device for the direct wind measurement over the ocean. Even it was ceased to operate in lune of 1977 because of the power failure, it gave the first opportunity to the marine meteorologists to study the direct measured ocean wind during its 9 months of operation, especially around Korea. This study is to show monthly mean ocean wind and wind stress curl fields around Korea from January, 1997 to June, 1997. Mean ocean winds in January are predominantly northwesterly and the strongest wind(12 m/s) is found near Vladivostok. The winds in the western East Sea are strongly inf1uenced by the mountain range in Korea and these topographically influenced winds make about five times larger wind stress curl fields than previous estimates based on the weather maps. The calculation of Sverdrup transport in the East Sea shows the possibility of the directional change of the East Korean Cold Current from southward to northward direction caused by the winter wind. The downwelling area near North Korea has maximum estimated speed of 45 m in january and this wind induced downwelling makes good condition for the formation of Intermediate East Sea Water together with vigorous mixing by the strong wind.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.245-270
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• 2018

In this paper I study the theoretical characteristic of 'Tao' based on Confucianism. Tao, the most widely used keyword in the history of East Asian philosophy, has amassed ever-greater variety of meaning as time has passed and schools divided into more subdivided schools. Among the many attributes of Tao, the most important thing I think is that Tao has a dual structure between 'Tao' and 'Way'. Somewhere to be reached is called 'Tao', and the pathway that leads to the destination is called 'Way'. In other words, 'Tao' is existence itself, and 'Way' is type of existence. 'Tao' can be goal, and 'Way' can be process. 'Tao' has originality, continuance, and honesty as its own traits, while 'Way' has humanity, practice, and dailiness as its traits. After all, in a broad sense, Tao has a dual structure between the existence and the type of existence; 'Tao' and 'Way'. Many philosophers in Western society have also paid attention to this Tao trait. Among them, Heidegger gave his opinion that is closest to the East Asians. I want to explain why the human beings are the existence on the pathway through this paper. The existence(Tao) and the type of existence(Way) cannot be separated. So, there cannot be existence without type, and type of non-existence is useless. From this point of view, 'Tao' can be both existence and type of existence.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.225-260
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• 2016

This paper aims to shed light on the structure of "Eonji[言志]" to demonstrate that it is a song with educational purposes, which is evident in its meaning and constitution. Based on various records of the epilogue and from the texts handed down several generations, it is clear that is an educational song that describes the life of ascholar and the core of knowledge as considered by Lee-Huang. Therefore, the meaning contained in Eonji[言志] is closely related to Lee-Huang's thoughts and it reflects the Confucian way of life. In the 4thphase, Pimi-ilin[彼美一人] of Eonji[言志] states that self-learning and serving the king can be carried out concurrently. The 5th phase of Eonji[言志] describes the anxiety of the lord for the wiseman and urges people to live a life full of consideration. This shows that one should not disregard the fact that a wise man's scholarship and life can contribute to the politics of the real world, even if the wise one chooses to lead a life of seclusion; even when the wise man enters the word of politics, his behavior and traits must not deviate from the calm course of self-cultivation in nature. The structure of Eonji[言志] and its different phases comprising nature, scholarship, and education deal with the following matters: "the meaning of retirement into nature (1stphase)," "nature+the practice of scholarship (2ndphase)," "scholarship+the practice of education (3rdphase)," "nature+the stance of scholarship (4thphase)," "scholarship+the stance of education (5thphase)," and "the beauty of nature+idea of scholarship and education (6thphase)."

• 사회경제평론
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.307-346
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• 2018

Gunnar Myrdal has struggled throughout his academic life with the problem of the role of valuations in social sciences. His earlier viewpoint was that valuations should be completely separated from scientific analysis on facts. But he soon fundamentally changed his viewpoint. His later viewpoint was that social scientists should disclose his valuations, for valuations intervene all the processes of scientific researches. Value premises are the valuations coherently reconstructed and manifestly articulated. Myrdal argued that social scientists should disclose value premises and perform his analysis and normative judgement based on the value premises. And the value premises should be derived from the valuations held by the large or significant groups of the society under study, not from the researcher's own valuations. This paper tried to show that Myrdal's later viewpoint must meet the crux, that researcher's own viewpoint must intervene in choosing valuations of particular group among diverse groups in the society under stduy, and in deriving and reconstructing value premises from the valuations of that group. And it argued that the reason why Myrdal met the crux could be explained by that he accepted the emotivism of Axel $H{\ddot{a}}gersr{\ddot{o}}m$. And it proposed some methodological solutions for escaping the crux Myrdal met, while preserving the positive elements of Myrdals' viewpoint.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.141-162
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• 2008

Many e-learning programs in Korea use lecture as a main instructional method. A meta-analysis study reports that e-learning programs using lectures were the most ineffective. In addition, many researchers in the field of distance education contend that the active participation of learners is the key to the success of e-learning. These imply why we can easily find many people who don't have good impression about e-learning. The quality of e-learning depends on the application of appropriate pedagogy. This study aims to present the implications for the improvement of e-learning programs in the Republic of Korea by analyzing the psychological characteristics reflected on the e-learning programs in the U. S. that have been improved through design research for a long time. The result shows that the e-learning programs in the U. S. have five major psychological aspects, i.e., reflective thinking, collaborative interaction, knowledge construction, situated action, and utilizing multiple representations. Consequently, this study suggests that e-learning programs in the Republic of Korea need to reflect learning principles such as learning by doing, situated learning, collaborative learning, learning with multiple representations in order to improve the quality.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.195-215
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• 2018

Plato said that our cosmos was created from the union of nous and $anank{\bar{e}}$ in Timaeus. In addition to this, 'the third kind', namely $ch{\bar{o}}ra$, exists already with genesis before the birth of the cosmos. Plato explains this $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ with several metaphors. That is, 'receptacle', 'mother', 'gold', 'space', 'place' etc. From Aristotle to contemporary scholars, generally three types of interpretations are presented. First, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is a kind of a 'void.' Secondly, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is Aristotle's $prot{\bar{e}}$ $hyl{\bar{e}}$. Thirdly, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ has two aspects of space and matter. I will accept the third opinion. Plato's $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ has both a spatial aspect and material aspect. $Ch{\bar{o}}ra$ is a place that accommodates all sensible things in itself. On the other hand, $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ seems to be a mother who nourishes sensible things like a child. In this, Plato lacks a logical consistency. The research of $ch{\bar{o}}ra$ can not deviate from the limits of $eik{\bar{o}}s$ logos.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.313-350
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• 2010

This article studies criticism leveled at Yulgok scholarship by the Toegye School in the northern Gyungbuk region. The Toegye School (Yulgok School) was formed both by theoretical contention and constructive criticism with its counterparts. Accordingly, the main intellectual traits of the Toegye School may not be fully appreciated by inquiring into its theoretical structure and context only; rather, this study proposes that a sound understanding of the Toegye School must be accompanied simultaneously with an analysis on aspects of the altercation with the Yulgok School of the time. In this regard, this article primarily aims to shed light on the Toegye School's theoretical context through surveying the criticism leveled by the Toegye School in the northern Gyungbuk region, which hold steadfast adherents to the discipline among other regions, against the Yulgok scholarship. Embracing the Confucian ethic, the philosophical principles of the Toegye School based on autonomy of 'Li'(理), i.e. ethical objectivism, basically aimed at reaching the state of self-manifestation. Namely, the main objective of the Toegye School was to anchor the way how the school understood existential form and cause of the universe to an ethical foundation in a crystal clear way and, accordingly, this belief in which the Toegye School gave a priority to 'Li' rather than 'Gi'(氣) must have given an advantageous position in terms of theoretical clarity over its counterparts. Furthermore, the crux of the Confucian ethical world view in the Toegye School's modes of inquiry could berevealed by the Toegye's 'Libal(理發)-theory'. From this point of view, the fundamental criticism that could be waged by the Toegye School was against Yulgok scholarship's gross misconception of perceiving 'Gi' as 'Li.' Scholars and commentators in the Toegye School severely disapproved of the possibility of ethical objectivism of Yulgok scholarship.