• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 2019

Many of the historic plant specimens collected on the Korean Peninsula in the early twentieth century were lost during the Korean War, though some of them were deposited in the herbarium of Tokyo University (TI) and thus remained unharmed. Data on historic Korean plant specimens at TI are very important given the lack of current data on North Korean plants. Moreover a number of unidentified Korean historic specimens are present at TI. We carried out an identification process and created a list of plants in a newly found collection held by Dr. Ikuma Yoichiro, a Japanese entomologist. He traveled from Cheongjin to Hyesanjin via Baekdu-san (Mt.) in August of 1913 and collected 240 species. We also secured one duplicate set.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2019

The nature of war includes the concept of war and the purpose of the war, as well as its nature, attributes and personality. The war that started with the history of mankind has started to achieve various purposes. There were also wars that took place to get territory or slaves and resources. There was a war to spread ideology and religion. The cause of war has diversified due to the purpose of various wars. In this study, we analyzed the causes of regional conflicts that have occurred on the earth since World War II. The regional and structural explanations reported in most papers attempting to define the causes of small regional conflicts and new forms of war in each region are not entirely credible. It is clear that the Cold War has intensified civil war. Most of the causes of these wars should be considered to be within the country.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.241-260
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to represent the types of advertising in the modern Russian language as 'Play of Words' (игра слов). The causal reason for this phenomenon is studied from the result of certain characteristics of advertising. The definition and characteristics of the language of the advertisement are analyzed in achieving the goal, as these factors reveal how language is used to maximize the effectiveness of the advertising. Academic research is needed in the collaborative fields of linguistics, psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, literature, art, and music. Modern advertisement is mixed with semiotic objects that consist of display, sound, and texts. While this study is not complete, the acknowledgement of the phenomenon 'Play of Words' between the creators of advertising and the consumer is undeniable. On one hand, advertising is recognized by linguists as the main factor that destroys the literary language. It represents the distortion of a standard language norm, as opposed to formal linguistic means used in advertising. In this research, we pay attention to the frequent use of foreign language borrowings and incorrect representation of foreign words, slang and jargon, that occur in misspelled usage of literary norms. The features that are revealed in this article are helpful to understand the purpose of advertising.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

Diatoms are a type of microalgae which inhabits a wide variety of environments as one of the most important primary producers of freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have been widely used as bioindicators which represent the environmental characteristics, thus proper quality control of diatom data is very important to ensure for the researches from many scientists from various different regions to have scientific unity and objectivity. At present, diatom data analysis is primarily based both on morphological features and DNA sequences of given species. Challenge for the morphology-based analysis of diatoms is the consistent species identification among different taxonomists who interpret diatom community, while challenge for the molecular analysis of diatoms to secure reliable reference data. In the present study, we have reviewed the current status of data quality control of diatom analysis in Korea as well as the world. Finally, suggestions for the better data quality control for Korean marine diatoms have been also made.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

Jonah complex is a psychological term put forward by Maslow, a famous American psychologist. In short, "Jonah complex" is the fear of growth. It comes from a hypothesis in psychodynamic theory: "people are not only afraid of failure, but also afraid of success." It represents a kind of psychology of self-evasion and retreat in the face of opportunities. It is an emotional state, which leads us not to do what we can do well, or even to avoid exploring our potential. From the perspective of self-actualization, it is a psychological obstacle to self-actualization. This paper consists of the following parts: the first chapter describes the research background and significance of this paper; the second chapter describes the theoretical basis of this paper; the third chapter explains that the research method of this paper is literature method; the fourth chapter analyzes the reasons for the formation of Jonah complex in detail; the fifth chapter describes how to overcome Jonah complex.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The Bayesian method is a very useful statistical tool in various fields including water resources. Therefore, in this study, the background of the Bayesian statistics and its application to the water resources field are reviewed. First, the history of the Bayesian method from the birth to the present, and the achievements of Bayesian statisticians are summarized. Next, the derivation of the Bayes' theorem, which is the basis of the Bayesian method, is presented, and the roles of the three elements of the Bayes' theorem: priori distribution, likelihood function, and posteriori distribution are explained. In addition, the unique features and advantages of the Bayesian statistics are summarized. Finally, the cases in water resources where the Bayesian method is applied are summarized by dividing them into several categories. With a prevalence of information and big data in the future, the Bayesian method is expected to be used more actively in the water resources field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2011

This research is an explorative research done on finding sights in documents related to landscapes that are described in personal essay collections of late-Joseon Dynasty, and to fathom the possibilities of finding the actual landscape by analyzing the landscape and features of the landscape. The target sight of this research is to find all the features and landscapes of the Nong-yeon Seodang 10 scenery that are described in Choi Dong-Jip(late-Joseon Dynasty scholar)'s Daeam Sunsaeng Munjip. The results are as follows: 1) a theoretical inquiry into Daeam Choi Dong-Jip and his descendent Baekbulam Choi Heung-Won(who had compiled Daeam Sungsaeng Munjip)'s background and Nong-Yeon Seodang has been done, 2) Nong-Yeon Seodang's location was found through historical documents and field investigations, and 3) the features of landscapes related to Nong-Yeon Seodang 10 scenery and its distribution and the significance were analyzed. Through this inquiry, organization of Nong-Yeon Seodang and the significance of its direction were reflected again, records on garden organization were checked, and a direction for continuation of research was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

This paper aims to explore the historical characteristics of CESE (Comparative Education Society in Europe) and BAISE(British Association of International and Comparative Education) through the analysis of their theoretical discourses which have impacted on Korean Society of Comparative Education. Inaugurated in 1963 by UK scholars, CESE is an ongoing international educational society beyond Europeanization. It seems intellectually struggling for setting up its peculiar comparative methodology discriminated from Americanization of method in general, because a long tradition that Europe is the center of the world has been shrunk by the emergence of WCCES led by US. While BAICE, inaugurated in 1997, is floating an international association with international students coming from overseas countries, tackling the global issues actively and making more balances with a critical equilibrium theories.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.42
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• pp.9-37
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• 2014

This article is to review academic aspects of Iljae Lee Hang through Toegye Lee Hwang's comments. Iljae Lee Hang (一齋 李恒: 1499~1576) is a representative Neo-Confucian scholar in Honam area in 16th century. His Sung Confucianism was known to Toegye Lee Hwang by Gobong Gi Dae Seung and consequentially received attention from academic world. Lee Hang's Sung Confucianism, however, has hardly drawn attention since 17th century due to Lee Hwang's negative assessment. Impeaching Lee Hang's academic attitude and methods, Lee Hwang evaluated him as having many problems. Lee Hwang criticized that Lee Hang studied Neo-Confucianism with no great effort and he was so much confident to say 'Logic of the world does not deviate from this' based on Chengzi and Zhuzi's saying which was only appealing to his ideas. Lee Hang actually cited theories of Chengzi and Zhuzi and stressed self-complacency when necessary, which therefore made him fail to exhibit consistency. Iljae partly brought Lee Hwang's criticism upon himself. Lee Hwang's negative assessment is not to be literally accepted but his assessment is helpful indeed to critically examine Lee Hang's Neo-Confucianism.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.191-214
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• 2017

Zhangshi(張?) is a distinguished Chinese scholar, who is known as the South-east Three sages with Zhuxi(朱熹) Luzujian(呂祖謙). He is well known for his influence through exchanges of ideas with Zhu xi, but the research on his ideas is rather poor. This paper aims to understand the ideology in general by looking deeper into the study of Zhangshi's self-cultivation. Contents of his self-cultivation especially emphasized the subject of the mind in the way establishing the unity of heaven and human within the theory mind based on metaphysical foundation. It would be very meaningful to study his theory of self cultivation in his ideological tendencies. this essay Based on the unity of heaven and human, especially uniting the ways of heaven and morality, this essay is approaches to the way of self-cultivation. This paper first examines the meaning of heaven and human for Zhangsi, and presents a self-cultivation method as a unified method in two categories of relationships This not only emphasizes the subject of the mind in the process of realizing the unity of heaven and human, but also to highlight the possibility of human becoming one with the heaven. This research will be an important research work in understanding Zhangshi's own philosophical system.