• The Mathematical Education
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.147-166
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• 2020

Textbooks are important resources in support of teaching and learning mathematics competencies which are emphasized in the most recently revised mathematics curriculum. This study analyzed how six mathematics competencies and their sub-elements are implemented in the mathematics textbooks for the fifth and sixth grades. A total of 465 activities or items in the targeted textbooks were analyzed. The findings of this study showed that both the communication competence and the reasoning competence were the most frequent competencies, followed by the problem solving competence. In contrast, the other three competences (i.e., creativity and integration, attitude and practice, and information processing) were less popular. Detailed analyses of sub-elements according to each competence revealed that one or two specific sub-elements were emphasized within a competence. Whereas "expressing one's idea" was the most prevalent sub-element in the communication competence, both "analyzing mathematical facts" and "observation and conjecture" were the most frequent in the reasoning practice. Specific sub-elements were jointly implemented within or across competences. "External connections of mathematics and integration" in the creativity and integration competence was carried out in relation to "recognition of values" in the attitude and practice competence. This paper also included some examples of activities or items showing how specific sub-elements of each competence were reflected on. This study is expected to provide implications on how to implement mathematics competencies throughout the textbooks.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.909-927
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• 2009

Inquiry became an essential methodology in science education. Recently, argumentation becomes more important in inquiry, but inquiry-based teaching in school science would not provide enough opportunities for students to have voluntary and active interactions during inquiry activities. Informal science learning can be an alternative for authentic inquiry. Accordingly, this study aims to find interaction patterns in dialogic inquiry of junior high school students in small groups in the natural history gallery. Inquiry elements and interaction patterns are analyzed with 42 dialogues of 13 small groups. As a result, seven interaction patterns are identified. First, five major interaction patterns were drawn as follows; Sharing questions, asking questions and simple response, asking questions and simple explanation, asking questions-simple explanation-(collecting data)-data based explanation, and asking questions-collecting data-data based explanation. Second, pattern 2, 'asking questions and simple response', is subdivided into three categories; passive and/or evasive response, inaccurate response, and repeated patterns of asking questions-simple response. The results of the study provide different patterns of dialogic interactions in a small group inquiry in informal contexts from formal contexts, and provide foundations to understand middle school students' interactive dialogues of inquiry occurred in the natural history gallery.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.542-559
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop the teaching-learning materials for students' creativity in elementary school science class. For this, we asked some questions to both teachers and students: 25-item- questionnaires were given to 122 teachers in charge of 5th graders and 6th graders in elementary schools located in Seoul, Inchon and Kyonggi province, and 20-item-questionnaires to 825 students of 5th grade and 6th grade in the same schools. The results of this study are as follows: most of teachers admitted the need of creativity education, but they taught class mostly with textbook only. The lack of students' divergent thinking and creative scientific activities in science class made it difficult to develop students' creativity. Besides, teaching-learning materials for whole brain learning were not enough. In case that the students did not make experiment in class, they liked VCR tapes or TP materials Students thought that the most effective materials for class are VCR tapes and next were worksheets. Not a few students answer they do hard only interesting experiments. Most of students wanted worksheets including various interesting activities like games, quiz, experiments, drawing, etc.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.63-83
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• 2021

The appearance of education is also rapidly changing in social changes represented by social networks. And the development of information and communication technology is also having a widespread effect on the education field. In the era of untact caused by Covid-19, education through smart learning is having a greater effect on students as well as adult learners more quickly and broadly. In addition, smart learning is not just limited to learning content, but is developing into personalized, convergence, and intelligent. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of ARCS motivation theory that can determine the learning motivation of smart learning users, and to empirically study the casual relationship between these factors on education achievement through practical value and hedonic value. Specifically, I would like to examine how the independent variables ARCS motivation factors (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) affect learners' education achievement through the parameters of practical value and hedonic value. To this end, a research model was presented that applied the main variables of attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction, which are four elements of ARCS motivation theory, a specific and systematic motivational strategy to induce and maintain learners' motivation. In order to empirically verify the research model of this study, a survey was carried out on learners with experience using smart learning. As a result of the study, first attention was found to have a positive effect on the hedonic value. Second, relevance was found to have a positive effect on the hedonic value. Third, it was found that confidence did not have a positive effect on the practical value and the hedonic value. Forth, satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on the practical value and the hedonic value. Fifth, practical value was found to have a positive effect on the education achievement. Sixth, hedonic value was found to have a positive effect on the education achievement. Through this, it can be seen that the intrinsic motivation of learners using smart learning affects the education achievement of users through intrinsic and extrinsic value. A variety of smart learning that combines advanced IT technologies such as AI and big data can contribute to improving learners' education achievement more effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, it can contribute a lot to social development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.430-445
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the learning effects in elementary school students who participated in a geological field trip conducted under the theme 'minerals and rocks', focusing on novelty space. A total of 10 sixth-grade students participated in this program held at a public elementary school in Seoul as part of after-school club activities. Students observed mineral and rock samples in a classroom and outdoor learning environment. The authors collected activity papers (texts, drawing), researchers' participation notes, video and audio recordings containing the study participants' activities, and post-interview data To analyze the learning effects in the cognitive domain of students, the observation analysis framework for rock classification of Remmen and Frøyland (2020) and the rock description analysis framework of Oh (2020) were used. Additionally, to explore the learning effects of psychological and geographic areas, students' drawings, texts, discourses, and interview data were inductively analyzed. The results showed that the students demonstrated 'everyday' and 'transitional' observations in the classroom learning environment, while in the outdoor learning environment (school playground, community-based activities), they demonstrated 'transitional' and 'scientific' observations. Moreover, as the scientific observation stage progressed, more types of descriptive words for rocks were used. In terms of psychological and geographic aspects, students showed their selection of places to explore familiar outdoor learning environments, positive perceptions of outdoor learning, and aesthetic appreciation. Finally, this study not only discussed novelty space as a tool for analyzing students' learning effects but also suggested the need for an academic approach considering new learning environments, such as learning through virtual field trips.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.857-862
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• 2021

Recently, rapid climate change has had a significant impact on the bee ecosystem. The decrease in the number of bees and the change in the flowering period have a huge impact on the harvesting of beekeepers. Accordingly, attention is focused on smart beekeeping, which introduces IoT technology to beekeeping. According to the characteristics of beekeeping, it is impossible to continuously observe the beehive in the hive with the naked eye, and the condition of the hive is mostly dependent on knowledge from experience. Although a system that can measure partly through sensors such as temperature/humidity change inside the hive and measurement of the amount of CO2 is applied, there is no research on measuring the movement path and amount of movement of bees inside the beehive. Part of the migration of honeybees inside the hive can provide basic information to predict the most important cleavage time in beekeeping. In this study, we propose a device that detects the movement path of bees and measures and records data entering and exiting the hive in real time. The device proposed in this study was developed according to the honeycomb standard of the existing beehive so that beekeeping farms could use it. The development method used a photodetector that can detect the movement of bees to configure 16 movement paths and to detect the movement of bees in real time. If the measured honeybee movement status is utilized, the problem of directly observing the colony with the naked eye in order not to miss the swarming time can be solved.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-184
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program for firefighters (FD-CPR) to help improve the survival rate after cardiac arrest on the fireground. Methods: The FD-CPR was developed following 3 steps of the FD-CPR instructional design based on the behaviorism theory. The content of the program was validated by a group of 7 experts using the contents validity index (CVI) and through a pilot-test. Results: A scenario consisting of 7 procedures, and a skill performance evaluation tool consisting of 16 questions were developed. The evaluation tool average score for the difficulty test was 41.16% (even) and that for the discrimination test was 0.32 (high). Subsequently, an 80 min training program was developed. As verified by the 7 experts through the CVI, it was as high as 1.0. Conclusion: The FD-CPR developed domestically for the first time in this study was effective in enhancing the CPR performance skills of the firefighters. If FD-CPR is added to the curriculum at the Fire Service Academy educational course for the new firefighters, the CPR performance skills could be maintained. Furthermore, the program can facilitate a better survival rate for colleagues having cardiac arrest on the field.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2024

Objectives This study aims to report current status and strategies of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) on face through survey of Korean medicine doctors. Methods The survey was conducted online via e-mail to certified Korean medicine doctors. The questionnaire is developed by Korean medicine doctors in Kyung-Hee Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong. The survey mainly consisted with multiple-choice questions on the current status, cost, and adverse reactions. Results TEA was predominantly utilized for cosmetic purposes, and the billing cost was commonly determined based on the number of threads used. The reported incidence of adverse reactions during TEA was 69.9%. The most frequent self-resolving adverse reaction was bruising, while the most common adverse reaction requiring medical intervention or resulting in sequelae was the 'dimple phenomenon'. According to the questionnaire, the primary factor associated with adverse reactions was the treatment area. Conclusions This study provided insights into the practical use of TEA on face in Korean medical clinic.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.25-45
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• 2024

This study aims to understand the everyday information-seeking behaviors of Alpha-generation elementary school students. A survey was conducted among 4th to 6th grade students to investigate their information needs in daily life, the sources they use to fulfill these needs and the reasons for their choices, the barriers they encounter during the information search process, and their satisfaction and trust in the information obtained. The results indicate that Alpha generation elementary students most frequently use video platforms and have the highest information needs related to hobbies and leisure activities. The main reasons for choosing information sources were familiarity and convenience. Differences based on demographic characteristics and media literacy education were also analyzed. There were significant differences in information-seeking behavior based on gender. Also, students who had received media literacy education experienced fewer difficulties in the information acquisition process compared to those who had not. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable data for developing information services and media literacy education directions for the Alpha generation in school settings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.33-50
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• 1988

This study was executed to find out how to improve on the planting and use of the plants in Kangweon- Do by surveying the planting areas -gardens, parks, streets, schools, etc. - in five cities of this province, and to select available native plants by surveying the main mountains in this province. The results are as follows ; 1. The species number within surrey areas was 319 species. and the species of which planting frequency was very high were Hibiscus syriacus, Juniperus chinensis, Buxus microphylla v. koreana, etc.. 2. The species number of school trees and flowers of 202 schools in Kangweon-Do were 33 species, 32 species respectively. and the species of school trees and flowers that showed the highest preference were Juniperus chinensis, Forsythia koreana each. 3. The species number of flowers and trees designated in 22 City and Keun were 14 species, 7 species respectively, and the species of flowers and trees that presented the highest designation frequency were Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Ginkgo biloba each. 4. The street trees planted along the main streets in Kangweon-Do were 18 species and 84,939 individuals, and the ratio of Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa was the highest among occurrence individuals. 5, As for the composition ratios of life forms of plants within survey areas, the ratio of deciduous broad-leaved tree was the highest as about 56% and that of deciduous coniferous tree was the lowest as about 1.6%. The ratios of native species versus exotic were 43 : 57 6. Through these results, it was thought that the diversification of planing species, the selection of plants suitable to each space and the generalization of use of native species were needed. So 254 plants native to Kangweon-Do were presented to correspond to these requirements.