• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.451-466
• /
• 2021

The interaction between student and school levels should be considered to understand and examine equity in education. For this reason, we included the socioeconomic composition of schools to scrutinize the equity related to students' socioeconomic status and mathematical literacy in Korea. We applied the hierarchical linear modeling approach to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data for binational comparison between Korea (5,548 students from 168 schools) and the U.S. (5,217 students from 161 schools). The findings show that school-level achievement and the socioeconomic composition of schools cannot be ignored to understand Korean students' achievement gap between high and low socioeconomic status. In addition, U.S. students from low socioeconomic status were likely to have similar mathematics literacy scores. These findings indicated that inequity in Korean mathematics education could be intertwined with the characteristics of Korean students like high demands for supplementary private education and school characteristics like curriculum selection. This research also reminds mathematics educators that people should not simply mimic other education systems to resolve education issues in their own system.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 2005

Data were collected from 310 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students and parents by questionnaires and analyzed by t-test and multiple regression analysis. The higher parents attachment and parents monitoring, the higher prosocial behavior towards parents and siblings, the higher perspective-taking, the higher prosocial behavior towards parents, and the higher socioeconomic status, the higher prosocial behavior towards siblings. More prosocial behavior toward parents was reported by girls than by boys. Prosocial behavior toward siblings did not show a gender difference. In the total group, high parent attachment and perspective-taking predicted prosocial behavior towards parents; high parent attachment and socioeconomic status predicted prosocial behavior towards siblings. In the boy group, high parent attachment and perspective-taking predicted prosocial behavior towards parents; high socioeconomic status predicted prosocial behavior towards siblings. In the girl group, high parent attachment predicted prosocial behavior towards parents and high parent attachment and socioeconomic status predicted prosocial behavior towards siblings. Discussion focused on the relative importance of parents attachment, perspective-taking, and socioeconomic status in predicting early adolescents' prosocial behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 1986

본 연구의 목적은 한국 중 고등학교 학생들의 지적 발달의 특성을 조사 분석함으로써 교과서 및 교육과정의 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 얻으려는 것이다. 지역, 학년, 연령, 성 및 가정의 사회 경제적 지위에 따른 인지 발달 특성을 조사하였다. 연구의 대상은 전국을 대도시, 중 소도시, 농촌으로 유층화한 유층군집 표집방법에 의해 표집한 중학교 1학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 남 녀 학생이었다. 표집학생 수는 중학교가 18개교 54학급 3,164명이었고, 고등학교가 18개교 36학급 1,981명이었다. 가정의 사회 경제적 지위는 가정의 경제적 형편, 부의 직업, 부의 학력, 가정의 수입 정도를 고려하여 4계층으로 구분하였다. 사용된 도구는 지적 영역의 조사에 Piaget의 인지발달이론에 따른 논리발달 검사를 이용했다. 분석된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 명제논리, 확률논리, 조합논리, 변인조작개념은 연령과 학년이 높아질수록, 대도시로 갈수록, 사회 경제적 지위가 높을수록 더욱 발달하는 경향이다. 둘째, 개념의 발달경향에 있어서 이원추리와 조합논리개념의 발달이 확률논리와 명제논리 개념의 발달보다 빠른 경향이다. 셋째, 한국의 중등학생 중에서 12세의 64.6%, 13세의 58.1%, 14세의 43.8%, 15세의 30.1%, 16세의 22.6%가 구체적 조작 후기에 도달해 있다. 넷째, 중등학생의 학년별 인지발달경향을 보면 중1의 69.8%, 중2의 51.1%, 중3의 47.4%, 고1의 21.6%, 고2의 21.7%가 구체적 후기의 발달수준이다.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.117-134
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of callous-unemotional traits(CU) on juvenile crime and explore additional effects of parenting and socioeconomic status on juvenile crime. A total of 103 juvenile probationers completed self-report questionnaires at 3 probation offices in Seoul, and a total of 123 high school students completed self-report questionnaires in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The results of this study were as follows. First, juvenile crime group showed higher score in uncaring subscale of CU, lower parent's education and lower economic level than normal group. Second, in both groups, uncaring subscale of CU showed negative correlations with parent's acceptance and daily monitoring. Third, in logistic regression, uncaring subscale of CU and low economic level significantly predicted juvenile crime group. This study suggests that uncaring characteristic of CU and socioeconomic status are potential factors contributing to juvenile crime.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.18 no.2 s.100
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 1979

오늘날 건강은 생존하는 인간이 지녀야 할 기본권리로 인정되고 있으며 국민의 복지향상이 없는 경제발전은 국제사회에서도 신망을 얻지 못하는 시대에 이르렀다. 국민의 건강수준은 그 사회전체의 문명척도를 의미하는 것이기 때문에 세계도처에서 인간의 복지향상과 인권보존을 위해 여러가지 형태로 건강사업을 추진하고 있으며 건강관리를 수행하는데 있어서 중추적 역할을 담당하는 간호의 교육은 매우 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 1903년, 외국 선교사에 의해 간호교육기관이 설립된 이후 사회 정치적 배경에 따라 교육제도상 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 대학과정은 1950년에 개설했으나 6.25동란으로 첫번 학사 간호원은 1959년에 배출되었으며 현재 14개 대학이 있어 대학원과정도 운영하고 있다. 3년제 간호교육은 간호교육이념에 따라 1962년부터 초급대학 수준으로 승격되었고 1970년에는 교육법령이 개정되면서 전문학교로 개칭하게 되었으며 1979년 부터는 전문대학으로 개편하여 입학수준을 대학입학예비고사 합격자로 수준을 높였다. 계속 교육제도에 있어서는 석사 및 박사과정 이외에 여러가지 전문분야의 연구과정 및 실무 수련과정이 마련되어 있다. 간호교육 이념정립과 제도 개선을 위해 학계에서는 꾸준한 연구를 지속하여 정책수립에 반영했다. 지금까지의 진료중심의 간호에서 지역사회 건강중심의 간호역할로의 전환기에 있음을 인식하여 바람직한 변화가 올 수 있도록 교육목표를 설정하는 일은 매우 중요하다고 본다. 전문기관에서는 양적, 질적 간호인력 수급계획을 마련해야 할 것이며 간호원의 사회 경제적 지위향상은 물론 간호원의 역할을 법적으로 규정하여 효율적인 인력활용을 위해 계속 연구하는 일은 매우 중요한 과제라고 생각한다. 앞으로의 간호교육은 첫째, 현직 간호원의 사회 경제적 지위를 향상하고 둘째, 적성에 맞는 학생을 선발하고 셋째, 유능한 교수를 확보하는 일이라고 본다.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2021

In the context of COVID-19, the economic downturn affects health as well as concerns about economic damage to individuals. In this study, among a total of 15,047 people who were economically active during the community health survey for those aged 19 and over, health behaviors related to the impact of changes in daily life due to the demographic and social and economic characteristics of COVID-19 were concerned about economic damage. was analyzed to determine whether it had an effect on Factors affecting the fear of economic damage were gender, education level, monthly income level, status, subjective health level, physical activity, and smoking, which had more influence on the fear of economic damage than other characteristics. In this study, males(p=0.024), high school graduates(p<0.001), monthly income level of 1,000,001 to 3,000,000won(p-=0.002), wage workers(p<0.001), subjects who responded that their subjective health level was 'similar'(p=0.009), subjects who responded 'similar' in physical activity(p<0.001), and smoked 'similar'(p=0.016) Those who answered high were more concerned about economic damage. Considering that COVID-19 is highly likely to be prolonged and social distancing cannot be ruled out, which affects health care due to economic damage, it is necessary to reflect it in health program development and economic-related fiscal policies.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.66-79
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the effects of the educational context variables on 8th-grade science achievement of 5 top performing countries(Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan) in TIMSS 2015. TIMSS 2015 science data and questionnaire results were used for fitting Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) in this study. According to the results, such student-level variables as home resources for learning, students' interest in science learning, valuing science, Students' Educational Expectations gave significant influence on the science achievement of Korean students. School-level variables including Student Economic Background, and School Emphasis on Academic Success gave significant influence on the science achievement of Korean students. Comparing 5 countries, home resources for learning, students' interest in science learning, Students' Educational Expectations gave significant influence on the science achievement in all 5 countries. At the school level, Student Economic Background is statistically significant in explaining students' science achievement gap in all countries except Japan, and Teaching Limited by Student Needs gave significant influence on the science achievement in all countries except Korea. Discussed in the conclusion are ways to improve middle-school science teaching and learning including reducing the education divide among socioeconomic status, teaching innovation for competency education, inquiry and reinforcement of lab activities in science classes, and so on.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.16 no.4 s.34
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to research middle school students' interest and practice about the housing education contents in Technology and Home Economics Subject(classify them into three units, application of living space, indoor environment and equipments. support and repair of housing) in their real life. This was the investigation of which 529 middle school students have lived in Jeonbuk province, SPSS program was utilized to analyze percentage. mean and standard deviation. as well as t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of this research were as follows: Middle school students' interest and practice of the housing education contents appeared to the middle level. Middle school students was consider that the order of interest parts of housing contents were indoor environment and equipments. application of living space, support and repair of housing. And the order of practice parts of housing contents were application of living space. indoor environment and equipments. support and repair of housing. There were significant differences in interest and practice of contents according to demographic variables such as sex, educational level of parents, social status of home. school record. Interest about the housing education contents had significant positive relationships with practices of contents of housing education. Therefore. it would be necessary to develop teaching materials and housing education contents promoting interest of students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.104-114
• /
• 2015

Seomin has been used frequently in mass media and political discussion. However, who is Seomin, how to define Seomin, and whether Seomin and middle class are different has been rarely discussed. This study conducted both national level of survey and in-depth interviews and explored how to define Seomin and who respondents think as Seomin. The majority of respondents consider themselves as Seomin and that monthly income is the most important criteria to define Seomin. Seomin was considered as those who have high school education and 200~300(million won) monthly income, live in a rented house, and work as a small-scale self-employer, skilled laborer, and low level of white collar workers. Also, Seomin is a precarious group which can achieve upward or downward mobility and is located between low and middle class. Those who have Seomin identity tend to have pride in their social status and hope for upward mobility rather than depreciate their social status or envy the middle class. In order for Seomin to be able to achieve upward mobility and to maintain pride in current status, diverse social policies are needed. Further analyses on examining characteristics and policy needs of Seomin are needed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.399-429
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this research examines the factors that influence happiness among Korean adolescents by focusing on psychological resource (as measured by self-efficacy), relational resource (as measured by social support) and financial resource (as measured by family's monthly income). In addition, the influence of academic achievement on happiness is examined. To examine the influence of socio-economic status and family's monthly income, adolescents living in three different districts in Seoul (from working to middle to upper class districts) were randomly selected and interviewed in their home. A total of 190 elementary school, middle school, high school and university students (male=83, female=107) completed the resiliency of efficacy scale developed by Bandura (1995) and emotional support and happiness scale developed by the present researchers, in addition to background information. The results of the path analysis are as follows. First, the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is relational resources. In other words, emotional support received from significant others was most predictive of happiness; more than 60 times the effect of family's monthly income, three times the effect of academic achievement, and two times the effect of resiliency of efficacy. The second most important factor that predicted the happiness of Korean adolescents was psychological resource (i.e., resiliency of efficacy), which had 30 times the effect of family's monthly income. In addition resiliency of efficacy played a mediating role between emotional support on one hand and happiness on the other. Third, those respondents who had higher academic achievement reported higher levels of happiness, which had 20 times the effect of family's monthly income. Fourth, family monthly income did not predict happiness among Korean adolescents. Fifth, socio-economic status and school level did not have direct influence on happiness but had mediating influence through their influence on emotional support. In other words, those respondents with higher socio-economic status and elementary school students were more likely to receive social support from significant others, which in turn increased their happiness. These results indicate that the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is emotional support, followed by resiliency of effic acy and academic achievement, indicating that those adolescents from wealthy families are not necessarily happier.