Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7468/mathedu.2021.60.4.451

Effects on equity in mathematics education: Multilevel analysis via the PISA 2015  

Hwang, Jihyun (Korea National University of Education)
Shin, Dong Hoon (National Youth Policy Institute)
Publication Information
The Mathematical Education / v.60, no.4, 2021 , pp. 451-466 More about this Journal
Abstract
The interaction between student and school levels should be considered to understand and examine equity in education. For this reason, we included the socioeconomic composition of schools to scrutinize the equity related to students' socioeconomic status and mathematical literacy in Korea. We applied the hierarchical linear modeling approach to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data for binational comparison between Korea (5,548 students from 168 schools) and the U.S. (5,217 students from 161 schools). The findings show that school-level achievement and the socioeconomic composition of schools cannot be ignored to understand Korean students' achievement gap between high and low socioeconomic status. In addition, U.S. students from low socioeconomic status were likely to have similar mathematics literacy scores. These findings indicated that inequity in Korean mathematics education could be intertwined with the characteristics of Korean students like high demands for supplementary private education and school characteristics like curriculum selection. This research also reminds mathematics educators that people should not simply mimic other education systems to resolve education issues in their own system.
Keywords
equity; PISA 2015; socioeconomic composition of schools; mathematical literacy;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, H., Hwang, S., & Park, H. (2019). 상대적 빈곤층의 사교육비 지출규모와 변화추이 [An analysis of changes in private tutoring expenditures amongst the relatively poor]. Studies on Korean Youth, 30(1), 155-183. (in Korean)   DOI
2 Kim, H. J., & Lee, B. H. (2007). 자녀의 학업성취에 미치는 가족배경, 사회자본 및 문화자본의 영향 [Effects of family background, social, and cultural capital on child's achievement]. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 30(1), 125-148. (in Korean)
3 Kim, K. G. (2000). 가족 내 사회적 자본과 아동의 학업성취 [Social capital within family and students' achievement]. Sociology of Education, 10(1), 21-40. (in Korean)
4 Kim, T. K., Solomon, P., & Zurlo, K. A. (2009). Applying hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to social work administration research. Administration in Social Work, 33(3), 262-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100902987739   DOI
5 Lareau , A. (2003). Unequal childhoods: Class, race and family life. University of California Press.
6 Lee, O. (2005). Science education with English language learners: Synthesis and research agenda. Review of Educational Research, 75(4), 491-530.   DOI
7 Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 371-399.   DOI
8 Gamoran, A. (1987). The Stratification of High School Learning Opportunities. Sociology of Education, 60(3), 135-155.   DOI
9 Horvat, E. M., Weininger, E. B., & Lareau, A. (2003). From social ties to social capital: Class differences in the relations between schools and parent networks. American Educational Research Journal, 40(2), 319-351.   DOI
10 Useem, E. L. (1992). Middle schools and math groups: Parents' involvement in children's placement. Sociology of Education, 65(4), 263-279.   DOI
11 Lee, J.-Y., & Yang, J.-H. (2012). 서울시 거주지역 특성별 진학대학 유형 차이 분석 [Exploring the effect of neighborhood characteristics on students' college entrance in Seoul]. Korean Education Inquiry, 30(2), 189-214. (in Korean)
12 Logan, J. R., Minca, E., & Adar, S. (2012). The geography of inequality why separate means unequal in American public schools. Sociology of Education, 85(3), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040711431588   DOI
13 Lynch, S. J. (2000). Equity and science education reform. Erlbaum
14 Greenwald, R., Hedges, L. V., & Laine, R. D. (1996). The effect of school resources on student achievement. Review of Educational Research, 66(3), 361-396.   DOI
15 Hagan, J., MacMillan, R., & Wheaton, B. (1996). New kid in town: Social capital and the life course effects of family migration on children. American Sociological Review, 61(3), 368-385.   DOI
16 Hancock, K. J., Lawrence, D., Shepherd, C. C., Mitrou, F., & Zubrick, S. R. (2017). Associations between school absence and academic achievement: Do socioeconomics matter? British Educational Research Journal, 43(3), 415-440.   DOI
17 Haegeland, T., Raaum, O., & Salvanes, K. G. (2012). Pennies from heaven? Using exogenous tax variation to identify effects of school resources on pupil achievement. Economics of Education Review, 31(5), 601-614.   DOI
18 Henry, G. T., Fortner, C. K., & Thompson, C. L. (2010). Targeted funding for educationally disadvantaged students: A regression discontinuity estimate of the impact on high school student achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 32(2), 183-204.   DOI
19 Hwang, J., Choi, K. M., Bae, Y., & Shin, D. H. (2018). Do teachers' instructional practices moderate equity in mathematics and science literacy? An investigation of PISA 2012 and 2015. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 16(Suppliment 1), 25-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9909-8   DOI
20 Langenkamp, A. G., & Carbonaro, W. (2018). How school socioeconomic status affects achievement growth across school transitions in early educational careers. Sociology of Education, 91(4), 358-378.   DOI
21 McGrath, D. J., & Kuriloff, P. J. (1999a). The perils of parent involvement: Tracking, curriculum, and resource distortions in a middle school mathematics program. Research in Middle Level Education Quarterly, 22(3), 59-83.
22 Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., & Congdon, R. (2013). HLM 7.01 for Windows [Computer software]. Scientific Software International, Inc.
23 Byun, S. Y., Chung, H. J., & Baker, D. P. (2018). Global patterns of the use of shadow education: Student, family, and national influences. In Research in the Sociology of Education (pp. 71-105). (Research in the Sociology of Education; Vol. 20). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. Http://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-353920180000020004
24 Baker, B. D. (2017). How money matters for schools: School finance series. Learning Policy Institute.
25 Barbarin, O., Bryant, D., McCandies, T., Burchinal, M., Early, D., Clifford, R., et al. (2006). Children enrolled in public pre-K: The relation of family life, neighborhood quality, and socioeconomic resources to early competence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(2), 265-276.   DOI
26 Jepsen, C., & Rivkin, S. (2009). Class size reduction and student achievement the potential tradeoff between teacher quality and class size. Journal of Human Resources, 44(1), 223-250.   DOI
27 Kalogrides, D., & Loeb, S. (2013). Different teachers, different peers: The magnitude of student sorting within schools. Educational Researcher, 42(6), 304-316.   DOI
28 Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M. M., & Maczuga, S. (2009). Risk factors for learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based estimates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 401-413.   DOI
29 Kang, N. H., & Hong, M. (2008). Achieving excellence in teacher workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea. Educational Researcher, 37(4), 200-207. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08319571   DOI
30 McGrath, D. J., & Kuriloff, P. J. (1999b). "They're Going to Tear the Doors Off this Place": Upper-Middle-Class Parent School Involvement and the Educational Opportunities of Other People's Children. Educational Policy, 13(5), 603-629.   DOI
31 Crosnoe, R. (2004). Social capital and the interplay of families and schools. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 267-280.   DOI
32 Bidwell, C. E., & Kasarda, J. D. (1980). Conceptualizing and measuring the effects of school and schooling. American J ournal of Education, 88(4), 401-430.   DOI
33 Brookover, W. B., Schweitzer, J. H., Schneider, J. M., Beady, C. H., Flood, P. K., & Wisenbaker, J. M. (1978). Elementary school social climate and school achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 15(2), 301-318.   DOI
34 Calarco, J. M. (2011). "I need help!" Social class and children's help-seeking in elementary school. American Sociological Review, 76(6), 862-882.   DOI
35 Chaney, B., Jocelyn, L., Levine, D., Mule, T., Rizzo, L., Roey, S., Rust, K., & Williams, T. (2001). User's guide for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) (NCES 2001-065). National Center for Education Statistics.
36 Condron, D. J. (2009). Social class, school and non-school environments, and black/white inequalities in children's learning. American Sociological Review, 74(5), 685-708.   DOI
37 OECD. (2016a). Education policy outlook: Korea. www.oecd.org/education/policyoutlook.htm
38 Foy, P., Brossman, B., & Galia, J. (Eds.). (2012). Scaling the TIMSS and PIRLS 2011 achievement data. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).
39 Gamoran, A. (1992). Access to Excellence: Assignment to Honors English Classes in the Transition from Middle to High School. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(3), 185-204.   DOI
40 National Center on Education and the Economy [NCEE]. (n.d.). Top performing countries: Korea. Retrieved August 18, 2021 from https://ncee.org/country/korea/
41 OECD. (2016b). PISA 2015 results (Volume I): Excellence and equity in education. OECD Publishing
42 OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 technical report. OECD Publishing.
43 OECD. (2008). Ten steps to equity in education. OECD Policy Brief. Retrieved November 3, 2015, from http://www.oecd.org/education/school/39989494.pdf
44 Osborne, J. W. (2013). Best practices in data cleaning: A complete guide to everything you need to do before and after collecting your data. SAGE.
45 Owens, A. (2018). Income segregation between school districts and inequality in students' achievement. Sociology of Education, 91(1), 1-27.   DOI
46 Parcel, T. L., Dufur, M. J., & Cornell Zito, R. (2010). Capital at home and at school: A review and synthesis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(4), 828-846.   DOI
47 Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Earls, F. (1999). Beyond social capital: Spatial dynamics of collective efficacy for children. American Sociological Review, 64(5), 633-660.   DOI
48 Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (1999). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Sage.
49 Stanton-Salazar, R. D. (2011). A social capital framework for the study of institutional agents and their role in the empowerment of low-status students and youth. Youth & Society 43, 1066-109.   DOI