• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1996

A new design scheme for the fuzzy pattern matching classifier (FPMC) is proposed. in conventional design of FPMC, there are no exact information about the membership function of which shape and number critically affect the performance of classifier. So far, a trial and error or heuristic method is used to find membership functions for the input patterns. But each of them have limits in its application to the various types of pattern recognition problem. In this paper, a new method to find the appropriate shape and number of membership functions for the input patterns which minimize classification error is proposed using genetic algorithms(GAs). Genetic algorithms belong to a class of stochastic algorithms based on biological models of evolution. They have been applied to many function optimization problems and shown to find optimal or near optimal solutions. In this paper, GAs are used to find the appropriate shape and number of membership functions based on fitness function which is inversely proportional to classification error. The strings in GAs determine the membership functions and recognition results using these membership functions affect reproduction of next generation in GAs. The proposed design scheme is applied to the several patterns such as tire tread patterns and handwritten alphabetic characters. Experimental results show the usefulness of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.3 s.15
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• pp.93-106
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• 2005

Recently, the web map services with standard interfaces have been developed to a high degree for the purpose of sharing of spatial data through the web. Among the various kinds of works related, the specification for the web map service released by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is the most prominent, and is nearly adopted as international standard (ISO/DIS 19128) in developing the web map servers. The web map server of OGC, however, provides the insufficient capabilities for mobile applications. Unlike the wired applications, the mobile applications would require the map server to minimize of size of data transferred, because the size of data is very important factor in communication cost and the response time of map clients. And the mobile applications require different quality of map according to the screen size of mobile devices. The mobile application, also require some application specific queries. In this paper, We have Proposed the interfaces for mobile web map services (M-WMS) which fully comply with the standard interfaces proposed in OGC. And we have designed and implemented the web map server for mobile map services. This paper has contributed to construction and practical use of the web map servers in mobile applications, such as LBS and telematics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.130-130
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• 1995

AM, SM 및 ASA는 수용액중에서 겉보기 1차반응에 따라 분해되었으며 보존온도가 높을수록 분해가 촉진되는 온도 의존성을 나타내었다. AM의 분해경로는 pH 1.22 및 pH 7.0 이상에서는 AM$\longrightarrow$ SM $\longrightarrow$ SA의 경로로 주로 분해되었으며 pH 2.01 - 6.08의 범위에서는 AM $\longrightarrow$ASA$\longrightarrow$SA의 경로로 분해되는 양상을 보였다. 또 pH가 분해에 미치는 영향을 pH-rate profile로 나타낸 결과 AM, SM 및 ASA의 최대안정 pH는 각각 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 부근이 있고 이 조건에서의 분해 반감기는 114, 168, 113 hr로 나타났다. 전체적으로 보면 pH 2.0 이하에서는 ASA가 AM 보다 약간 안정한 편이나 pH 2.0-8.0 사이에서는 AM의 분해속도가 ASA보다 현저히 낮았다. 또 AM은 pH 7.0 이상에서, SM은 pH 6.0 이상에서, ASA는 9.0 이상에서 특수염기촉매반응에 따라 분해가 이루어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이온강도($\mu$)의 영향으로는 pH 7.0에서 이온강도가 0.115에서 1.0으로 증가할수록 $\mu$$^{1}$2/에 대해 AM의 분해속도정수가 직선적으로 완만하게 감소되었다. 또 완충수용액 중 AM의 가수분해 억제효과를 검토하기 위해 시클로덱스트린류를 첨가하였을 때, $\beta$-시클로덱스트린과 히드록시프로필기-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린은 AM의 분해를 각각 1.6배 및 1.1배 촉진시켜 촉매적으로 작용하였으며 디메칠-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린은 약 3.2배 분해속도를 억제시켜 안정화제로 작용하였다.Zn^{2+}$, soybean trypsin inhibtor에 의해 25～50% 정도, serine proteinase inhibitor인 phenylmethylsulfonyl floride에 의해 80%정도 활성이 억제되는 특성이 있음을 규명하였다.면역환성 (immunoreactivity)이 나타났고 pyramidal cell layer (PCL)와 glia에 SOD-1이 강하게 염색되었다. APT 병용 투여로 상당수의 경련이 일어나지 않은 흰쥐는 해마의 DG에 FRA가 경미하게 염색되었고, PCL에 SOD-1도 경미하게 나타났으나, 경련이 나타난 쥐에서는 KA만을 투여한 흰쥐와 구별되지 않았다. 이상의 APT의 항산화 효과는 KA로 인한 뇌세포 변성 개선에 중요한 인자로 작용할 것으로 사료되나, 보다 명확한 APT의 기전을 검색하고 직접 임상에 응응하기 위하여는 보다 다양한 실험 조건이 보완되어야 찰 것으로 생각된다. 항우울약들의 항혈소판작용은 PKC-기질인 41-43 kD와 20 kD의 인산화를 억제함에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.다. 것으로 사료된다.다.바와 같이 MCl에서 작은 Dv 값을 갖는데, 이것은 CdCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ 착이온을 형성하거나 ZnCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.384-392
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• 2011

Recruitment and selection are separate but mutually reinforcing processes. The goal of recruitment is to attract the largest number of applicants possible to apply to the agency, and selection is the process of weeding out unqualified candidates and identifying qualified candidates. In this context, the recruitment and selection system of police officials is an important issue because it affects their future performance as police officers on the job, especially their policing skills, perception of society, occupational ethics. This study suggested the characteristics of U. S. recruitment and selection system of police officials. In the U. S, each police agency sets up its own recruitment and selection standards and procedures. However, recruitment and selection process follows a certain sequence : receiving application, psychological examination, background check, polygraph test, drug screening, interview, physical agility, and medical test. Special characteristic of American police system regarding recruitment and selection is that many law enforcement agencies use a polygraph test to ensure the integrity of the candidates. Another interesting screening process is a drug test because many Americans abuse illegal drugs. A candidate officer must submit urine or a hair sample for screening test. Police human resources specialists should continually identify the most innovative tests and approaches recruit and select police officers. Recruitment and selection strategies should increasingly attract and retain those officers who have the attributes to work in a community-oriented policing environment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2005

Physicochemical properties of hydroxypropylated rice starches were investigated. Swelling power of hydroxypropylated rice starch increased at relatively lower temperature than native rice starch. Solubility of hydroxypropylated rice starch was lower (1.9-13.4%) than that of native rice starch (2.2-13.8%), and increased with increasing amount of propylene oxide. Pasting temperature ($66.2-70.8^{\circ}C$) and peak viscosity (2,843-3,395cp) of hydroxypropylated rice starch were lower than those of native starch ($71.6^{\circ}C,\;3,976\;cp$) and decreased with increasing amount of propylene oxide, regardless of reaction time. DSC thermal transitions of hydroxypropylated rice starches shifted toward lower temperature. Amylopectin-melting enthalpy of hydroxypropylated rice starch decreased (11.8-9.8J/g) with increasing amount of propylene oxide and was lower than that of native starch (11.9 J/g). These results indicate hydroxypropylation lowered swelling power and gelatinization temperatures of rice starch, because internal bonds of rice starch molecules were sterically weaken by substituted hydroxypropyl groups.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 2012

The authenticity of a document is recognized only when sealing on the document can be recognized to be the same as the original seal of a person who drew up the document. But forge in various ways is prevalent; forge through stamp-copy, forge through photocopying, forge through computer seal sculpture machine, forge through photosensitive resin, etc. Among the methods above, a method of making a forged seal with photosensitive resin panels, which is one of the easiest forging methods, enables making a forged seal the same as the original seal through the work of projecting ultraviolet rays on a resin panel on which negative film is stuck after making it using the original seal. But as research into this reality has not been sufficiently carried on, it is difficult to identify forged sealing through photosensitive resin seals, indeed. For this reason, unless regulations about making forged seals using resin machine for print are enforced, crimes related to forged seals using photosensitive resin are expected to increase in the future. Thus, after stamping 10 resin seals made based on an original seal carved of thick and thin strokes of characters, this paper intends to clarify that there are differences between original sealing and forged sealing through sealing identification method. Consequently, we verified the significant difference in the statistics between original sealing and forged sealing.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.563-585
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• 2010

The major goals of this study are to find the factors that enhance self-directed math learning in college math classes and to provide the students with the opportunities to check and develop their self-directed math learning attitude. For these research goals, we prepared the questionnaires that asked about their learning motivations, basic learning ability, self-discipline strategies, and self-directed learning strategies. Another purpose of the questionnaires was to give them the chances to check and improve their attitude toward those learning strategies, motivation and ability. From the research results, we find that the important factors for self-directed learning are internal & external motivations, concentration ability, and the goal-setting and plan-making abilities. In addition, concentration ability, good habit, stress-control, recognition of math value, and self-directing ability are found to be necessary for the desirable learning environment. On the other hand, we find that the ability to perform note-taking, class preparation and review, time-control, and test-control is required for the selection and practice of self-fitting learning strategies. Finally, we provided our own self-directed math learning model. Our model, containing the necessary factors for self-directed math learning, is the revised and modified one of Knowles(1975)'s 5 stage self-directed learning model that comprises diagnosis of learning desire, setting learning goals, grasping human&material resources, selection and practice of proper learning strategies, and evaluation of learning results.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.484-488
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• 2004

Fermentation studies were conducted in batch and continuous flow cell-recycle reactors with food by-products as substrates. The genus Propionibacterium acidipropionici ATCC 4965 was utilized in the production of organic acids. Good performance was achieved in the batch fermentation using hydrol as a carbon source and corn steep liquor (CSL) as nitrogen and vitamin sources. Product yields and productivity based on maximum values were 0.80 g total acids/g glucose and 0.26 g total acids/L/h, respectively, when $3\%$, (w/v) of hydrol and $2.5\%$, (w/v) of CSL were utilized. Continuous fermentation with cell-recycling system using the optimum amounts of substrates resulted in dramatic increase in cell concentration (X) and maximum productivity (P). Compared to the batch fermentation, X and P were increased by as much as 21 and 13 times, respectively, at the dilution ratio of $0.2\;hr^{-1}$, indicating that cell recycling fermentation of food by-products provides valuable means for the mass production of organic acids as well as utilizing cell mass as good nutrient resources.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.941-947
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• 2005

The contamination frequency of major foodborne pathogenic bacteria was investigated from 213 seafood samples including sliced raw fish and shellfish in Busan and CyeongNam province area. Tested microorganisms were Salmonella spp. Staphyloroccus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bncillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. The frequency of isolated microorganisms was V. parahaemolyticus (30.5%), B. cereus (9.9%), S. aureus (3.8%) and other pathogenic bacteria (1.4%). from July to October, total isolation rates were greater than 50% and V. parahaemolyticus was dominant among the microorganisms isolated. The bacteria isolation rate (49.2%) in raw seafoods including shellfishes was higher than one (28.9%) in sliced raw fish. V. parahaemelyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.9%), amikacin (29.2%) and tetracycline (27.7%), and B. cereus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), Penicillin G (100%), rifampicin (71.4%) and tetracycline (14.3%). The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. rereus was greatly inhibited below $10^{\circ}C$, but increased at ambient temperature. Washing seafood with tap water showed to reduce total count of remaining V. parahaemolyticus. Thus temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$, sufficient washing and prompt eating appeared to reduce the risk of food poisoning by these bacteria in seafoods.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.855-863
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• 2000

Although Behavior-Knowledge Space (BKS) method, one of well known decision combination methods, does not need any assumptions in combining the multiple experts, it should theoretically build exponential storage spaces for storing and managing jointly observed K decisions from K experts. That is, combining K experts needs a (K+1)st-order probability distribution. However, it is well known that the distribution becomes unmanageable in storing and estimating, even for a small K. In order to overcome such weakness, it has been studied to decompose a probability distribution into a number of component distributions and to approximate the distribution with a product of the component distributions. One of such previous works is to apply a conditional independence assumption to the distribution. Another work is to approximate the distribution with a product of only first-order tree dependencies or second-order distributions as shown in [1]. In this paper, higher order dependency than the first-order is considered in approximating the distribution and a dependency-based framework is proposed to optimally approximate the (K+1)st-order probability distribution with a product set of dth-order dependencies where ($1{\le}d{\le}K$), and to combine multiple experts based on the product set using the Bayesian formalism. This framework was experimented and evaluated with a standardized CENPARMI data base.