• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2009

we studied and analyzed a tree mortality of 7 species(Pinus koraiensis etc) in surface forest fire area. In this results, the order of tree mortality was Cryptomeria japonica>Pinus koraiensis>Pinus densiflora>Pinus thunbergii>Larix leptolepis>Pinus rigida>Quercus. More damaged crown was higher tree mortality and more d.b.h was less tree mortality. Especially, oak trees in which a damage rate of crown was less 30% almost survived.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2001

Experiments were conducted to compare ozone sensitivity among clones. Ten clones of Papulus deltoides Marsh. were exposured in walk-in type chambers to charcoal-filtered air, 50ppb, 100ppb, and 150ppb ozone for 8h $day^{-1}$ for 21 consecutive days. Occurrence of premature leaf-fall, and visible foliar injury expressed as adaxial stipple were measured after termination of ozone exposure for 3 weeks. Rate of premature leaf-fall increased progressively according to ozone exposure levels. As a result, rate of premature leaf-fall was estimated over 50% at 150ppb ozone. In the charcoal-filtered air and 50ppb ozone treatments, visible foliar injury was not found. But injury was estimated as LA; 17.3%, AA; 6.5%, and LAA; 1.6% to 100ppb ozone treatment and LA; 34.1%, AA; 17.5%, and LAA; 7.4% to 150ppb ozone treatment. Clonal differences of sensitivity within the species were manifested by significant clone differences of adaxial stipple(LAA) in 100ppb and 150ppb ozone treatments.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

The practical monitoring was performed to survey the mortalities in aquaculture farms of olive flounder, rockfish, rainbow trout, Japanese eel, white shrimp and abalone in South Korea from May to November, 2011. The aquatic organism disease inspectors, who have the national licenses for the diagnosis and prevention of aquatic disease and have close relationship with the farms, investigated the rates and causes of mortalities according to the standard manual. In 70 flounder farms, the cumulative mortalities rate was 27.9%, and the mortalities were caused by scuticociliatosis, streptococcosis, VHS, non-infectious loss, vibriosis and gliding bacterial disease. The moralities rate of 30 rockfish farms was 13.6%, and those were mainly contributed by gill flukes and streptococcosis. Most of mortalities of rainbow trout were caused by non-infectious loss and protozoan white spot disease. The mortalities rate of Japanese eel was 0.6% by edwardsiellosis, protozoan white spot disease and gill flukes. The loss rate of white shrimp was 71.2%, and most of them was related with non-infectious ones, such as carnivalization, transportation loss, and the rest was caused by viral white spot disease. The mortalities rate in the abalone farms was 10.7% and all of them were related with non-infectious loss.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.441-446
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• 2010

이상기후에 의한 집중호우의 증가 및 강우량의 변동 등은 단순 기상현상의 변화에서 그치지 않고 우리가 삶을 영위하는 환경에 영향을 미치고 있으나 이상기후 영향을 정량적으로 표현하는 연구는 아직 미진하다. 이러한 환경적인 변화에 대응하여 피해를 감소시키기 위해서 구조적 대책과 비구조적 대책 등이 시행되고 있다. 비구조적 대책의 대표적인 예로 우리나라에서는 풍수해보험제도가 시행중이다. 풍수해보험제도를 활성화하기 위해서는 보험 목적물인 주택, 비닐하우스, 축사 등이 어떤 피해 패턴을 보이고 또한 통계청 및 소방방재청, 국토해양부 등 유관기관에서 발표하는 계량 지표와 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 검토하는 것이 필 요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 유관기관의 다양한 계량자료 중에서 시군구 단위의 수방기준준수여부, 보험목적물의 피해액, 자연재해위험지구의 수와 정비율, 그리그 국가하천과 지방하천에 대한 하천정비율을 이용하여 보험목적물과의 관계를 규명하였다. 분석결과 풍수해보험목적물의 피해액과 하천정비율, 자연재해위험지구 정비율은 뚜렷하게 음의 상관성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 분석된 자료를 현행 보험요율과 비교하여 할인 여부를 분석한 결과 수도권 및 광역도시의 할인율이 높게 나타났고 상대적으로 충청남도와 전라북도가 낮은 할인율로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate sensitivity of tree seedlings to $SO_2$. Visible injury symptoms and changes of ethylene production were investigated in tree seedlings with the fumigation of $SO_2$ in gas chamber 4 hours a day for six days. The symptoms of visible injury did not appear below 0.5ppm level of $SO_2$ exposure but a change of visible injury with the passage of time appeared at 1.5 and 2.5ppm in all seedlings. With the higher the concentration and/or the longer exposure of $SO_2$ the visible injury symptoms on leaves increased in all seedlings. The sensitivity of seedlings to $SO_2$ was the highest in Liriodendron tulipifera followed by Pinus strobus, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. The amount of ethylene production was more at 1.5 and 2.5ppm of $SO_2$ exposure than at 0.5ppm and the peak time of it came faster at higher levels. The amount of ethylene production was significantly different among tree seedlings. It showed a higher at production of ethylene in Liriodendron tulipifera compared to Ginkgo biloba and the ethylene production of Pinus trees to $SO_2$ were the highest in Pinus strobus followed by Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. In needle of Pinus strobus the ethylene production increased with the increasing rate of visible injury until the injury rate of 40-50% and than decreased with the increasing rate of visible injury since the rate of 50%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 1995

The damage rate according to the age of black pine trees in the Black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae was high from 7 to 22 year old trees. According to damaged degree of damaged trees, it showed great difference in infection rate of saprophitic fungi. The period until the developmental degree of saprophitic fungi became maximized degree of 7 was required about 48 days in dead tree of 100 percent, about 54 days in one of above than 80 percent, about 75 days in one of 40~50 percent, but the dead tree less than 10 percent and health tree was retained the 3~4 developmental degree of saprophitic fungi, after 80 days. The ring width of damaged trees showed as follows. The non damaged trees was 3.52 cm, 0.77 cm in the damaged trees of 100 percent, 0.88 cm in the ones of 80 percent, 1.22 cm in the ones of 40~50 percent and 1.37 cm in the ones of les than 10 percent, respectively. Number of cells per unit area was smaller in the case of greater damaged trees, gradually. Also moisture content was very high in greater damaged trees, and bending strength was lower. Extracts by the one percent NaOH showed a small amount.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.2006-2010
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• 2006

우리나라에서는 치수사업을 추진하기 위한 경제성 분석으로 간편법과 개선법을 사용하여 오다가 현재는 2004년도에 개발된 다차원법(다차원 홍수피해 산정방법(Multi-Dimensional Flood Damage Analysis))을 이용하고 있다. 다차원법은 도시와 농촌 등의 구분없이 일반적으로 이용할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 도시지역에 적합하도록 다차원법의 홍수피해산정 요소들을 보정하여 적용하고 다차원법과 비교하였다. 본 방법을 도림천의 지하방수로 사업의 비용-편익비를 산정하여 비교한 결과, 다차원법을 이용한 경우 5.51, 본 연구에서 제시한 비주거지역 자산과 공공시설물의 피해율을 이용한 경우는 6.75의 비용-편익비를 추정할 수 있었다. 이는 피해액 항목들중 공공시설물피해 항목에 의한 영향의 크기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.320-327
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• 2021

Freezing damage to fruit trees is frequently occurring due to cold in winter and low temperature in spring to abnormal weather caused by global warming. In particular, the freezing injury of deciduous fruit trees is highly dependent on the developmental stages of the flower buds. And the cold resistance is weakened as the growth progresses, so it is most vulnerable period from flowering to petal fall(post-bloom). Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the cause of the freezing injury caused by severe low temperature to 'Fuji', which has a late flowering period more than 'Hongro' in April 2020. We investigated freezing injury rate in 'Fuji' and 'Hongro' apple trees damaged by natural low temperature at Boeun-gun, Chungbuk province in Korea. In addition, flower buds in the same developmental stage (tight cluster) were treated artificially low temperature to investigate the injury rate for accurate comparative analysis between varieties, and to analyze the soluble sugar and hormone contents in the flower buds. As a result of survey in natural low temperature, 'Fuji' had a higher injury rate than 'Hongro' in both orchards, and in particular, B orchard 'Fuji' had the highest injury rate of 60.5%. Also there were significantly difference in the freezing injury rate between 'Fuji' and 'Hongro' in artificially low temperature treatments. As a result of analyzing the soluble sugar contents in 'Hongro' was higher than 'Fuji'. Also ABA, IAA and SA contents were more increased in the damaged tissue than in the normal flower buds by low temperature treatments. Consequently, it was assumed that the freezing injury was closely related to soluble sugar contents in the flower buds. In particular, the freezing injury rate was negatively correlated with the sorbitol contents.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1971

In order to clarify the effect of the time and height of cut in autumn on the occurrence of mulberry magare blight disease, mulberry fold experiment had been tarried out between the autumn 1970 and the spring 1971. The results obtained summarrized as follows. 1) In case of intermediate cutting, the occurrence of the mulberry magare blight disease and its damage showed great difference among the times to cut the tree. That is the intermediate cutting between the 9th and the 21st of September was attacked by the disease and to cut before the 3rd of September and after tile 3rd of October was not attacked by the disease. In the damage by the cut shoot time, intermediate cutting between the 15th and the 18th of September was most seriously having heavy damage and to cut before the 12th and of the 21st of September was Bight damage. 2) Heavier damage was observed in the plot cut above 30cm from the ground compared with the plot cut middle of the branches of the tree.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.409-425
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• 2018

Occurrence and yield characteristics of lepidopteran insect pests in both PUR (paddy-upland rotation) and CU (continuing upland) fields for 8 maize (Eolrukchal 1, Heugjeom 2, Miheukchal, Ilmichal, Heukjinjuchal, Chalok 4, Mibaek 2, Daehakchal) and 7 sorghum (Hwanggeumchal, Anzunbaengisusu, Moktaksusu, Sodamchal, DS-202, Nampungchal, Donganme) varieties was surveyed. The population of Ostrinia furnacalis adults showed 3 times highest peaks in 2016. In addition, the damaged ratios of maize and sorghum leaves and stems were increased depending on the growth periods of the crops and those by O. furnacalis larvae were also increased steeply in mid August. The damaged ratios of maizes such as Miheukchal, Eolrukchal 1, Ilmichal, Heugjeom 2, and Mibaek 2 by O. furnacalis larvae were statistically different (P=0.05) between organically managed PUR and CU fields. Except for DS202 among sorghum varieties, the damaged ratios of the other ones were high and similar (50-92%) in the CU field. The ear damaged ratio of maize varieties by lepidopteran larvae including O. furnacalis and Helicoverpa armigera was from 5 to 38% in Chalok 4 and Heukjinjuchal, respectively, and Daehakchal gave relatively higher damage ratio in the PUR field (33%) than in the CU field (14%). The ear ratio of Sodamchal and DS-202 varieties in the PUR field was 94 and 82%, and all sorghum varieties were damaged over 78% by lepidopteran larvae in the CU field. Interestingly, the correlation coefficients between the damaged ratio and invasive pores on their stems by O. furnacalis larvae were positive (maize $r=0.69_{paddy-upland}$, $0.95_{continuing}$; sorghum $r=0.93_{paddy-upland}$, $0.97_{continuing}$, respectively). Additionally, the correlation coefficients between the damaged ratio and the ear weight or the thousand kernel weight (g) of maizes and sorghums by lepidopteran larvae were negative (maize $r=-0.38_{paddy-upland}$, $-0.49_{continuing}$; sorghum $r=-0.70_{paddy-upland}$, $-0.57_{continuing}$, respectively). These results indicate that the focused management on lepidopteran insect pests occurring maizes and sorghums cultivated in PUR and CU fields is an important strategy to secure their yields.