• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.393-401
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• 2021

This study derives essential information elements that should be shared in the situation board by utilizing the concept of common operating picture (COP). The COP's concept and actual overseas cases were confirmed, and COP information elements that should be considered for disaster situations were redefined. The COP disaster response information elements were derived by analyzing the standard manual for disaster response and daily situation reports issued in Korea. The information elements were divided into four stages (①Report reception and recognition stages, ②Situation propagation and reporting stages, ③Emergency equipment operation stages, ④Recovery and recovery stages), centered on storm and flood damage. Further analysis of the detailed information elements was conducted to derive the information elements that must be shared in the context board. The information is shared along with spatial and geographical characteristics due to the characteristics of the COP, providing complex information to decisionmakers and officials, enabling diverse access to disaster situations. Furthermore, it is expected that disaster response will be more efficient by sharing the information in common.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2015

The present research was carried out in order to investigate the occurrence of problematic weed species in Cnidium officinale Makino. Field in South Korea. Total 53 sites of the 3 different regions in S. Korea were investigated from May to October, 2014. In Cnidium officinale fields, the identified weeds were distributed in 35 families and 99 species. Total 5 communities that consist of Commelina communis, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Persicaria vulgaris, Chenopodium album-Acalypha australis, and Galinsoga ciliata dominated the appearance. The weeds occurred in Cnidium officinale fields were divided into three groups in principal component plot analysis (PCA). It was observed that in control weeds plots; 20 plants of Cnidium officinale fresh weight is 739.9 g while the uncontrolled plots have no Cnidium officinale plants. The current investigation could be useful for estimation of future weeds occurrence, weed flora dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in Cnidium officinale fields in Korea.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2005

Recently, as the serious damage caused by DDoS attacks increases, the rapid detection and the proper response mechanisms are urgent. However, existing security mechanisms do not effectively defend against these attacks, or the defense capability of some mechanisms is only limited to specific DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose a detection architecture against DDoS attack using data mining technology that can classify the latest types of DDoS attack, and can detect the modification of existing attacks as well as the novel attacks. This architecture consists of a Misuse Detection Module modeling to classify the existing attacks, and an Anomaly Detection Module modeling to detect the novel attacks. And it utilizes the off-line generated models in order to detect the DDoS attack using the real-time traffic. We gathered the NetFlow data generated at an access router of our network in order to model the real network traffic and test it. The NetFlow provides the useful flow-based statistical information without tremendous preprocessing. Also, we mounted the well-known DDoS attack tools to gather the attack traffic. And then, our experimental results show that our approach can provide the outstanding performance against existing attacks, and provide the possibility of detection against the novel attack.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2019

Purpose: Since the implementation of the Chemical Substance Management Act, data on the number of occurrences by annual chemical accident in Korea and the contractor's contract data received from the competent authority were used. After the implementation of the contract reporting system, the contribution to the reduction of chemical accidents is summarized by statistical data. The characteristics of each region, month, type and those of similar industries and human life were compared and analyzed. Method: 4 years of chemical accident statistics from 2015 to 2018 and since 2003, we have used data from the Chemical Safety Clearing-House (CSC), which provides safety information on cases of chemical accidents. Results and Conclusion: The risk of accidents increases as a number of unskilled workers are put into the workplace during the period when the hazardous chemical handling process is temporarily suspended. Through the reporting for awarding a contract, the operators are strengthening the safety management of chemical accidents by educating unskilled workers and wearing personal protective equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1988

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for park management proposal through the quantitative analysis of users' behaviors and satisfaction for the actual conditions of management in the Chiri Mountain National Park. For this users' behaviors and socio-economic characteristics have been cross-analyzed. Specifically, it attempts to investigate users' anticipate and degree of satisfaction applied Expectancy Theory by Likert attitude scale. Users'behaviors patterns of each site have been analyzed by the factor analysis algorithm, and each factor scores of sites have been clustered by the cluster method. And also user' satisfaction for the actual conditions of management have been analyzed by using the multiple regression. The major user groups were students and youth groups accompanied by their friends ranging from 3 to 10. The values of user'post occupancy-evaluation for such as rockwall climbing and praying on the mountain of each site showed higher than those of anticipated, but evaluation values of other activities were lower. The user'behaviors of each site have been analyzed five factors by factor analysis algorithm. By using the control method for the number of factors, T.V. has been obtained as 50.58%. The factor score of factor covering the behavior patterns of student and youth yield high EV. and C.V.. On the analysis of cluster using factor score, factor IV in Hwaomsa temple site and Ssanggyesa temple site, factor II, v in Jungsanri Valley site, factor, I, III in Bangmudong valley site and factor I. IV in Baemsagol vallry site showed very high values, respectively. According to the multiple regression analysis, the major variables related to the satisfaction for the actual conditions of vegetation and landscape managements were reservation of groundcover, recovery of artificial injury, the surroundings of camping and temple site. In the park facilities and operation, the major variables related to the satisfaction were conditions of management such amenity facilities as privy, sign board, junk yard, camping site, and guidance of excursion, campaign and preservation of nature.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.507-522
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• 2021

Specific survey objectives often cannot be met using only one geophysical method, as each method's results are influenced by the specific physical properties of subsurface materials. In particular, areas susceptible to geological hazards require investigation using more than one method in order to reduce risks to life and property. Instead of analyzing the results from each method separately, this work develops a four-quadrant criterion for classifying areas of levees as safe or weak. The assessment is based on statistically determined thresholds of seismic velocity (P-wave velocity from seismic refraction and S-wave velocity from multichannel analysis of surface waves) and electrical resistivity. Thresholds are determined by subtracting the standard deviation from the mean during performance testing of this correlation technique applied to model data of four horizontal and inclined fracture zones. Compared with results from the crossplot of resistivity and P-wave velocity, crossplot analysis using resistivity and S-wave velocity data provides more reliable information on the soil type, ground stiffness, and lithological characteristics of the levee system. A loose and sandy zone (represented by low S-wave velocity and high resistivity) falling within the second quadrant is interpreted to be a weak zone. This interpretation is well supported by the N values from standard penetrating test for the central core.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.233-254
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the main factors influencing the severity of traffic accidents and to visualize spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic accidents in Seoul. To do this, we collected the traffic accident data that occurred in Seoul for four years from 2012 to 2015, and classified as slight, serious, and death traffic accidents according to the severity of traffic accidents. The analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic accidents was performed by kernel density analysis, hotspot analysis, space time cube analysis, and Emerging HotSpot Analysis. The factors affecting the severity of traffic accidents were analyzed using decision tree model. The results show that traffic accidents in Seoul are more frequent in suburbs than in central areas. Especially, traffic accidents concentrated in some commercial and entertainment areas in Seocho and Gangnam, and the traffic accidents were more and more intense over time. In the case of death traffic accidents, there were statistically significant hotspot areas in Yeongdeungpo-gu, Guro-gu, Jongno-gu, Jung-gu and Seongbuk. However, hotspots of death traffic accidents by time zone resulted in different patterns. In terms of traffic accident severity, the type of accident is the most important factor. The type of the road, the type of the vehicle, the time of the traffic accident, and the type of the violation of the regulations were ranked in order of importance. Regarding decision rules that cause serious traffic accidents, in case of van or truck, there is a high probability that a serious traffic accident will occur at a place where the width of the road is wide and the vehicle speed is high. In case of bicycle, car, motorcycle or the others there is a high probability that a serious traffic accident will occur under the same circumstances in the dawn time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2022

This study was conducted to obtain basic data that could help prevent damage caused by slow-moving landslides (land-creep). Specifically, the geological, topographic, and physical characteristics of land-creep were analyzed in Jiphyeon-myeon, Jinju-si. The first and second analyzed land-creeps occurred in 1982 and 2019, respectively. The area damaged in the second land-creep was about 11.5-fold larger than that damaged in the first land-creep. The dominant constituent rock in the land-creep area was sedimentary rock, which seems to be weakly resistant to weathering. The areas that collapsed due to land-creep were related to the presence of separated rocks between the bedding plane in the estimated activity surface over the slope direction and the vertically developed joint surface. Thus, surface water and soil debris were introduced through the gaps of separated rocks. Additionally, the areas collapsed due to the combination of the bedding plane and joint surface shale and sandstone showed an onion structure of weathered outcrop from the edge to inner part caused by weathering from ground water. Consequently, core stones were formed. The study area was a typical area of land-creep in a mountain caused by ground water. Land-creep was classified into convex areas of colluvial land-creep. The landslide-risk rating in the study area was classified into three and five classes. The flow of ground water moved to the northeast and coincided with the direction of the collapse. Soil bulk density in the collapsed area was lower than that in ridge area, which was rarely affected by land-creep. Thus, soil bulk density was affected by the soil disturbance in the collapsed area.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

This study was conducted for the domestic new cultivar to expand cultivation area and sustainable production. The new domestic cultivar, 'Jinok' and control cultivar, 'Campbell Early', had been investigated on vine growth and fruit quality by different cultivating conditions as open field, rain shelter and unheated plastic house. The growth period of 'Jinok' was faster than 'Campbell Early'. The harvesting date of 'Jinok' was on 13th of Aug. faster than 'Campbell Early' which was on 17th of Aug., and it was on 25th and 29th of Aug. for 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' on field cultivation, respectively. The growing length and width of new shoots were similar among the cropping systems. In the result of fruit characteristic evaluation, the soluble solids content of the 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' cultivating on the unheated plastic house were $15.4^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.9^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. In the open field condition, those were $15.9^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. The titratable acidity and chromaticity were similar among the treatments. In the appearance of past and disease, Phomopsis blight was occurred on mid of June and in the end of cultivation period on about early Aug., the damage by Phomopsis blight was the lowest about 14% in the unheated plastic house cultivation on the 'Jinok' cultivar and it was 39% in the open field condition. However, in the open filed cultivation for 'Campbell Early', Phomopsis blight was highly occurred about 49%. During this period, or the end of cultivation, it is necessary for the intensive control.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.99-131
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• 2005

Terrorism which became today's common phenomena over the world is one of the most serious threats the world confront. Although International society make and operate outstanding anti-terrorism system, terror would never end without solving fundamental problems. The main body of terrorism converts from nation to organization and from organization to cell, which makes it difficult for us to recognize the main body. Since the target of today's new terrorism is many and unspecified persons, terrorists will never hesitate to use mass destruction weapons such as nuclear, biological, chemical weapons, and also use cyber-technique or cyber-terrorism. So, effective counter-terrorism measures should be performed as follows. First, it must be better for international society should make long-time plan of solving fundamental problems of terrorism other than to operate directly on terror organization and its means. Second, preventive method should be made. The most effective method of eradicating terrorism is prevention. For this, it is necessary to remove environmental elements of terrorism and terrorist bases, and to stop inflow of money and mass destruction weapons to terrorists. Third, integrated anti-terror organization should be organized and operated for continuous counter-terrorism operations. Also international alliance for anti-terrorism should be maintained to share informations and measures. Fourth, concerned department in the government should prepare counter-terrorism plans in their own parts as follows and make efforts to integrate the plans. - Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs : conventional terror - Ministry of Health and Welfare : bio-terror - Ministry of Science and Technology : nuclear-terror Especially, they should convert their policy and operation from post-terror actions to pre-terror actions, designate terror as national disaster and organize integrated emergency response organization including civil, government, and military elements. In conclusion, pre-terror activities and remedy of fundamental causes is the best way to prevent terror. Also, strengthening of intelligence activities, international cooperations, and preventive and comprehensive counter-measures must not ignored.